Track Basics

Slide 1: 

Senthil Kumar 12 Sep 2010 Introduction to Railway Track works Engineering

Track Formation : 

Track Formation Requirements for Choosing a Track System: Trains running on Track do not cause excessive environmental pollution in the form of noise and ground vibration. Costs of the total service life of the track must be as low as possible. Maintenance should be low and as inexpensive as possible The purpose of track is to transfer train loads to the formation.

Load Bearing Function of the Track : 

Load Bearing Function of the Track The greatest stress occurs between wheel and rail and is in the order of 30 kN/cm2 (= 300 MPa). Between rail and sleeper the stress is two orders smaller and diminishes between sleeper and ballast bed down to about 30 N/cm2. Finally the stress on the formation is only about 5 N/cm2. The load transfer works on the principle of stress reduction - layer by layer.

Type of Railway System : 

Type of Railway System Urban Railway Transit: Urban rail transit is an all-encompassing term for various types of local rail systems providing passenger service within and around urban or older suburban areas. Types : Tram : Trams are systems that run mainly or completely along streets, with low capacity and frequent stops. Passengers usually board at street- or curb-level Light Rail : Light rail is a relatively new term, as an outgrowth of trams/streetcars. Speeds are usually higher, and articulated vehicles may be used to increase capacity. Rapid Transit: A rapid transit, underground, subway, tube, elevated, or metro(politan) system is a railway—usually in an urban area—with a high capacity and frequency of service, and grade separation from other traffic. Mono Rail: Monorail is a metro or railroad with a track consisting of a single rail (actually a beam), as opposed to the traditional track with two parallel rails. Monorail vehicles are wider than the beam they run on.

Type of Railway System : 

Type of Railway System Tramway Light Rail Mass Rapid Transit Monorail

Type of Railway System : 

Type of Railway System Suburban/Rural Railways: Suburb mostly refers to a residential area. They may be the residential areas of a city, or separate residential communities within commuting distance of a city. Types : Regional/Commuter Rail : Commuter rail, also called suburban rail, is a passenger rail transport service between a city center, and outer suburbs and commuter towns or other locations that draw large numbers of commuters—people who travel on a daily basis. Regional rail or commuter rail runs on trackage often shared with intercity rail and freight trains Intercity Rail: Inter-city rail services are express passenger train services that cover longer distances than commuter or regional trains. Freight Trains: A freight train or goods train is a group of freight cars (US) or goods wagons (UIC) hauled by one or more locomotives on a railway, ultimately transporting cargo between two points as part of the logistics chain.

Type of Tracks : 

Type of Tracks Ballasted Track Ballastless Track (Slab Track)

Permanent Way Materials : 

Permanent Way Materials Rails Concrete Sleepers Fastenings Switches & Crossings (Turnouts)

Running Rails : 

Running Rails

Rail Joints : 

Rail Joints Fish Plate Joints Flash Butt Welding Alumino Thermit Welding Insulated Rail Joints Mechanical Rail Joints Rail mechanical joints have been used in the railway industry to improve the lateral and vertical alignment of the rails at their ends.

Rail Joints : 

Rail Joints A. Fish Plate Joints As illustrated in the Figure, the normal rail joints consist of fishplates that are bolted at the rail ends through a number of bolt holes (either two or three or more) that have been drilled near the neutral axis in the rail web.

Rail Joints : 

Rail Joints B. Insulated Rail Joints Bonded insulated joints in rails separate electric circuits in tracks and turnouts. To provide track segment isolation for the track circuitry passed through the rail; this circuitry is used to identify train locations and to control signalling.

Rail Joints : 

Rail Joints C. Alumino Thermit Welding In this process, the highly exothermic reaction between aluminium and iron oxides results in the production of molten steel which is poured into a mould around the gap to be welded. 2. “Thermit” is the trade name for one of the granular mixtures of aluminium metal and powdered ferric oxide. Ignition of the Thermit is usually carried out by lighting a magnesium ribbon or sparkler.

Rail Joints : 

Mobile Flash Butt Welding Group is dedicated to performing high quality welds and to meet all the client needs. Alstom’s latest arrival mobile welder, the Schlatter AMS100 series that has been equipped with the new state-of-the-art intelligent control and weld management system. In-Track Welding Equipment provides versatility and reliability in any rail welding project. Rail Joints D. Flash Butt Welding

Rail Joints : 

Rail Joints Welding Range: FBW Technical Specification Rail section up to 10,000 sq.mm Production Rate: 12 welds / hr Rated Working Pressure in Hydraulic System: 315 bar Rated Upset force: 100 Tons Rated Clamping force: 245 Tons Transformer Rating: 500 kVA Welding Power: 400 VAC, 50 Hz, 1 Ph Weld Head Mass: 3,800 kg Overall Ctr. Dimension: 7 x 1062 x 1852mm

Rail Joints : 

Rail Joints In-Track Rail Welding (Plain Ballasted Track Renewable) – TCDD, Turkey Rails are welded together to reclaim 18m of rail into longer length strips. This can assist the track welding production with greater productivity gains

Rail Joints : 

Rail Joints In-Track Rail Welding (Tunnel) – Circle Line Project, Singapore Rails are welded together to reclaim 18m of rail into longer length strips. This can assist the track welding production with greater productivity gains

Sleepers : 

Sleepers A railway sleeper is a rectangular object used as a base for railroad tracks. Ties are members generally laid transverse to the rails, on which the rails are supported and fixed, to transfer the loads from rails to the ballast and subgrade, and to hold the rails to the correct gauge. Types of Sleepers: Steel Sleepers Wooden Sleepers Concrete Sleepers

Sleepers : 

Sleepers Pre-Stressed Concrete Sleepers A concrete sleeper is a railroad tie made out of steel reinforced concrete.

Fastenings : 

Fastenings The fastening of rails is usually taken care of by the fasteners imbedded into the concrete.

Switches & Crossings (Turnouts) : 

Switches & Crossings (Turnouts)

Ballasted Track Construction Sequence : 

Ballasted Track Construction Sequence First Layer of Ballast

Ballasted Track Installation Method : 

Ballasted Track Installation Method Second Layer of Ballast

Ballasted Track Construction Sequence : 

Ballasted Track Construction Sequence STACKING OF SLEEPERS AT TSA LOADING BY RAIL/ROAD EXCAVATOR AND TRANSPORT BY TRAILER SLEEPERS PLACED BOTH SIDES OF TRACE LAYING OF SLEEPERS BY EXCAVATOR STORAGE OF SLEEPERS ALONGSIDE TRACK 24 SLEEPERS/BUNDLE BETWEEN CATENARY MAST

Trackwork Heavy Equipments : 

Trackwork Heavy Equipments Flat Wagons Ballast Hopper Wagons

Trackwork Heavy Equipments @ TSA TUZLA : 

Trackwork Heavy Equipments @ TSA TUZLA Locomotive [LDH450] Forklift [MT1440]

Trackwork Heavy Equipments : 

Trackwork Heavy Equipments Flash Butt Welding Machine [Schlatter] Truck c/w Palfinger Crane

Trackwork Heavy Equipments : 

Trackwork Heavy Equipments Liebherr Excavators Vaiacar Excavators

OCS Heavy Equipments : 

OCS Heavy Equipments Geismar VCP – Rail/Road Platform

OCS Heavy Equipments : 

OCS Heavy Equipments 2 Units of Neotech ELAN – Rail/Road Platform

OCS Heavy Equipments : 

OCS Heavy Equipments Tape Drive Wagon [CRCU4] Track Motor Car [APV350]

OCS Heavy Equipments : 

OCS Heavy Equipments Genirail

OCS Installation Method : 

OCS Installation Method AEC Wire Running Work Method

OCS Installation Method : 

OCS Installation Method Plant and Tools Logistics 34 Cantilever Installation Work Method

OCS Installation Method : 

OCS Installation Method 35 Copper Wire Running Work Method

OCS Installation Method : 

OCS Installation Method Dropping, Registration & Connection Installation Work Method