giving advice-present and past forms

ShouldShould haveOught toOught to have : 

ShouldShould haveOught toOught to have Function: =giving advice or suggestions in English using

Should is a modal auxiliary that we use very frequently in English: : 

Should is a modal auxiliary that we use very frequently in English: To give advice or a recommendation: Example: That new restaurant downtown is great! You should try it. We also use should . . . To give our opinion about something. To say what we think is a good idea or the “right” thing to, do in our opinion.

*Should is not as strong as “had better,” “must” or “have to” : 

*Should is not as strong as “had better,” “must” or “have to” Consider these examples . . . You should stop smoking. (=it would be a good idea; this is my suggestion.) You must stop smoking. (=it is necessary that you stop. You have to do it.)

The negative of should = : 

The negative of should = The mother told her child: “You shouldn’t eat too much candy, or you’ll get sick.” should not The contraction (short) form is often used with the negative, especially in spoken English:

Ought to is another way to say should; however should is more common. : 

Ought to is another way to say should; however should is more common. Grammar: Should and ought to are both auxiliaries; remember this important rule . . . After an auxiliary, use the simple form of the main verb.

Examples: : 

Examples: You should your money to buy a new house. save You ought to a separate savings account for the house you want to buy. Mark shouldn’t out to play with his friends. He has too much homework. **Important note: we don’t usually use “ought to” in the negative; shouldn’t is preferred. start go

Slide 7: 

When Americans use “ought to,” it often sounds like “otta.” Practice saying these sentences: 1. You ought to study for the test tonight. The government ought to raise the minimum wage. 3. We ought to get together for lunch. Pronunciation Tips:

“Practice makes perfect!”Make sentences with should and ought to: : 

“Practice makes perfect!”Make sentences with should and ought to: Use should: 1. Your sister needs to get into shape. 2. Your classmate doesn’t understand the grammar. Use ought to: 1. Your friend wants to take a computer class, but he doesn’t know which one to take. 2. Your mother doesn’t feel well. What can you say in the following situations?

Past tense forms:should + ought to : 

Past tense forms:should + ought to Some auxiliaries have a past tense form. For instance: The past tense of can = The past tense of will = could would BUT, should and ought to don’t have a simple past tense construction like “can” and “will” do.

To use should and ought to in the past, we do the following: : 

To use should and ought to in the past, we do the following: Should or Ought to + HAVE + Past participle of main verb Examples: The party was great! You should have come. I feel sick. I shouldn’t have eaten so much. I didn’t pass the test. I ought to have studied more.

Again, contractions with should are common, especially in spoken in English: : 

Again, contractions with should are common, especially in spoken in English: We missed a lot of grammar practice this morning. We should’ve come to class earlier. I shouldn’t have spent so much time at the café with my friends. Now, I’m late for work.

Now it’s your turn to practice using should and ought to in the past: : 

Now it’s your turn to practice using should and ought to in the past: 1. Your friend has a terrible headache. You ask him if he took any aspirin, and he tells you “no.” What do you say to him? (use should) You should've taken some aspirin.

Slide 13: 

2. Your friend had a job interview yesterday, but she was late because she got lost. She didn’t look up the company’s address before the interview. You say: (use ought to) You ought to have looked up the address!

Review: : 

Review: 1. Should and ought to are both used to give advice, suggestions, recommendations, or a person’s opinion. *They are NOT as strong as had better, must, or have to. 2. Should is more common than ought to. To make the negative form, should is preferred. 3. When ought to is used, it’s typically pronounced “otta.”

Slide 15: 

4. Should and ought to are modal auxiliaries. They are followed by the simple form of the main verb . . . always! 6. Contractions (short forms) are frequently used for should. Examples are: shouldn’t (= should not) should’ve (= should have) 5. When we use should and ought to in the past, they are followed by HAVE + the past participle of the main verb.

This week, we will continue to learn and practice this grammar. : 

This week, we will continue to learn and practice this grammar. If you have difficulties understanding this grammar, you shouldn’t keep quiet. You should ask a classmate or your teacher for help or for more explanation. You should also keep practicing! Good luck!