ShouldShould haveOught toOught to have :ShouldShould haveOught toOught to have Function: =giving advice or suggestions in English using


Should is a modal auxiliary that we use very frequently in English: :Should is a modal auxiliary that we use very frequently in English: To give advice or a recommendation: Example: That new restaurant downtown is great! You should try it. We also use should . . . To give our opinion about something. To say what we think is a good idea or the “right” thing to, do in our opinion.


*Should is not as strong as “must” or “have to” :*Should is not as strong as “must” or “have to” Consider these examples . . . You should stop smoking. (=it would be a good idea; this is my suggestion.) You must stop smoking. (=it is necessary that you stop. You have to do it.)


The negative of should = :The negative of should = The mother told her child: “You shouldn’t eat too much candy, or you’ll get sick.” should not The contraction (short) form is often used with the negative, especially in spoken English:


Ought to is another way to say should; however should is more common. :Ought to is another way to say should; however should is more common. Grammar: Should and ought to are both auxiliaries; remember this important rule . . . After an auxiliary, use the simple form of the main verb.


Examples: :Examples: You should your money to buy a new house. save You ought to a separate savings account for the house you want to buy. Mark shouldn’t out to play with his friends. He has too much homework. **Important note: we don’t usually use “ought to” in the negative; shouldn’t is preferred. start go


Slide 7:When Americans use “ought to,” it often sounds like “otta.” Practice saying these sentences: 1. You ought to study for the test tonight. The government ought to raise the minimum wage. 3. We ought to get together for lunch. Pronunciation Tips:


“Practice makes perfect!”Make sentences with should and ought to: :“Practice makes perfect!”Make sentences with should and ought to: Use should: 1. Your sister needs to get into shape. 2. Your classmate doesn’t understand the grammar. Use ought to: 1. You’re friend wants to take a computer class, but he doesn’t know which one he to take. 2. Your mother doesn’t feel well. What can you say in the following situations?


Past tense forms:should + ought to :Past tense forms:should + ought to Some auxiliaries have a past tense form. For instance: The past tense of can = The past tense of will = could would BUT, should and ought to don’t have a simple past tense construction like “can” and “will” do.


To use should and ought to in the past, we do the following: :To use should and ought to in the past, we do the following: Should or Ought to + HAVE + Past participle of main verb Examples: The party was great! You should have come. I feel sick. I should not have eaten so much. I didn’t pass the test. I ought to have studied more.


Again, contractions with should are common, especially in spoken in English: :Again, contractions with should are common, especially in spoken in English: We missed a lot of grammar practice this morning. We should’ve come to class earlier. I shouldn’t have spent so much time at the café with my friends. Now, I’m late for work.


Now it’s your turn to practice using should and ought to in the past: :Now it’s your turn to practice using should and ought to in the past: 1. Your friend has a terrible headache. You ask him if he took any aspirin, and he tells you “no.” What do you say to him? (use should) You should've taken some aspirin.


Slide 13:2. Your friend had a job interview yesterday, but she was late because she got lost. She didn’t look up the company’s address before the interview. You say: (use ought to) You ought to have looked up the address!


Review: :Review: 1. Should and ought to are both used to give advice, suggestions, recommendations, or a person’s opinion. They are NOT as strong as MUST or HAVE TO. 2. Should is more common than ought to. 3. When ought to is used, it’s typically pronounced “otta.”


Slide 15:4. Should and ought to are modal auxiliaries. They are followed by the simple form of the main verb . . . always! 6. Contractions (short forms) are frequently used for should. Examples are: shouldn’t (= should not) should’ve (= should have) 5. When we use should and ought to in the past, they are followed by HAVE + the past participle of the main verb.


This week, we will continue to learn and practice this grammar. :This week, we will continue to learn and practice this grammar. If you have difficulties understanding this grammar, you shouldn’t keep quiet. You should ask a classmate or your teacher for help or for more explanation. You should also keep practicing! Good luck!