Changing the pattern of diseases in developed and

Changing the pattern of diseases in developed and developing countries :

Changing the pattern of diseases in developed and developing countries

FACTORS CONTRIBUTING TO NEW DISEASES:

FACTORS CONTRIBUTING TO NEW DISEASES SOCIETAL EVENTS Economic impoverishment War or civil conflict Population growth and migration Urban decay Use of high-density facilities (e.g., prisons, day care)

FACTORS CONTRIBUTING TO NEW DISEASES:

FACTORS CONTRIBUTING TO NEW DISEASES HEALTH CARE New medical devices Organ or tissue transplantation Drugs causing immunosuppression Widespread use of antibiotics

FACTORS CONTRIBUTING TO NEW DISEASES:

FACTORS CONTRIBUTING TO NEW DISEASES FOOD PRODUCTION Globalization of food supplies Changes in food processing, packaging, and preparation

FACTORS CONTRIBUTING TO NEW DISEASES:

FACTORS CONTRIBUTING TO NEW DISEASES HUMAN BEHAVIOR Sexual behavior Drug use Travel Diet Outdoor recreation Use of day care facilities

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Speed of Global Travel in Relation to World Population Growth

FACTORS CONTRIBUTING TO NEW DISEASES:

FACTORS CONTRIBUTING TO NEW DISEASES ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGES Deforestation and/or reforestation Changes in water ecosystems Flood/drought Famine Global warming

FACTORS CONTRIBUTING TO NEW DISEASES:

FACTORS CONTRIBUTING TO NEW DISEASES PUBLIC HEALTH INFRASTRUCTURE Curtailment or reduction in prevention programs Inadequate communicable disease surveillance Lack of trained personnel Epidemiologists Laboratory scientists Vector and rodent control specialists

FACTORS CONTRIBUTING TO NEW DISEASES:

FACTORS CONTRIBUTING TO NEW DISEASES MICROBIAL ADAPTATION AND CHANGE Changes in virulence and toxin production Development of drug resistance Microbes as cofactors in chronic diseases Man and animal/bird co-habitation

International Classification of Diseases:

International Classification of Diseases Produced by WHO Revised at every 10 years Latest revision January 1 st 1993 ICD 10 arranged in 21 major chapters

CHAPTERS:

Certain infections and parasitic diseases (A 00 to B 99) Neo Plasams (C 00 to D 48) Diseases of the blood and blood forming organs and certain disorders involving the immune mechanisms (D 50 to D 89) Endocrine, nutritional and metabolic diseases (E 00 to E 90) Mental and behavioural disorders (F 00 to F 99) CHAPTERS

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Diseases of the nervous system (G 00 to G 99) Diseases of eye and adnexa (H 00 to H 50) Diseases of ear and mastoid process ( H 60 to H 95) Diseases of circulatory system (I 00 to J 99) Diseases of respiratory system (K00 to K 93)

The coding system:

The first character of the ICD 10 code is a letter and each letter is associated with a particular chapter, except for letter D which is used in chapter II and III and letter H is used in VII and VIII. Chapter I, II, XIX and XX use more than one letter in the first position of their codes. Each chapter has three character categories The coding system

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Not all available codes are used, allowing space for future revision and expansion The range of categories is given in the parenthesis after each block title Not mandatorily after three character category fourth numeric character after a decimal point – allowing up to 10 sub categories If not sub divided letter X is used to have standard length for Data Processing.

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U – Unused code U 00 to U 49 – uncertain etiology U 50 to U 99 – research Purpose of ICD Uniform classification Comparison of mortality and morbidity data for disease prevention in management of health care facilitating research

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ICD 10 - 3 volumes Volume 1 report of international conference for the tenth revision. The classification itself third and fourth character level The classification of the morphology of neoplasm's Special tabulation lists for mortality and morbidity Definitions and nomenclature regulations Volume 2 Instruction manual Volume 3 Alphabetical Index