MORBIDITY

MORBIDITY : 

MORBIDITY Dr.N.Bayapa Reddy (NBR) Asst.Professor Department of Community Medicine

Morbidity : 

Morbidity Definition :- Any departure, subjective or objective from a state of physiological well-being Equivalent to sickness , illness and disability

Measurement of morbidity : 

Measurement of morbidity Morbidity can be measured in 3 units: Persons who are ill Illness that these persons experienced (periods or spells) The duration (days, weeks) of these illnesses Frequency – incidence and prevalence Duration – disability days per person Severity - case fatality rate

Uses of morbidity data : 

Uses of morbidity data They describe the extent of disease load and help in the establishment of priorities They provide more accurate and clinically relevant data than mortality data They are starting point for etiological studies They are need for monitoring and evaluation of disease control

Incidence : 

Incidence Definition: The number of new cases occurring in a defined population during a specified period of time. Incidence = No of new cases of a specified disease during a given time period x 1000 Population at risk during that period

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500 new cases of T.B in a population of 30,000 in a year Incidence = 500 x 1000 = 16.7 per 1000/ yr. 30,000 Incidence rates refers to Only new cases During a given time period In a specified population or ‘population at risk’ It can also refers to spells of sickness in a year per 1000 population Incidence = No of spells of sickness starting in a defined period x 1000 mean No of persons exposed to risk in that period eg. Six episodes of diarrohea / child / yr

Special incidence rates : 

Special incidence rates Attack rate = Number of new cases of a specified disease during a specified time interval x 1000 Total population at risk during the same time period Secondary attack rates It is defined as the number of exposed persons developing the disease within the range of the incubation period following exposure to a primary case

Uses of incidence rates : 

Uses of incidence rates To control disease For research into etiology, pathogenesis, distribution of diseases and efficacy of preventive and therapeutic measures

Prevalence : 

Prevalence Refers to all “old and new” cases existing at a given point or period of time in a given population Definition: The total number of all individuals who have an attribute or disease at this point in time or mid way through the period Two types: Point prevalence Period prevalence

Point prevalence : 

Point prevalence Number of all current cases (old and new) of a disease at one point in relation to a defined population Point – a day, week, etc. Number of all current cases old and new of a specified disease existing at a given point in time x 100 Estimated population at the same point in time

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Period prevalence Include cases arising before but extending into or through the year as well as those cases arising during the year = Number of existing cases (old and new) of a specified disease during a given period of time x 100 Estimated mid-year population at risk

Relationship between prevalence and incidence : 

Relationship between prevalence and incidence P = I x D Prevalence = incidence x duration Prevalence = photograph, an instantaneous record Incidence = film, continuous record. Eg. Coffee house at 10 a.m. count the number of persons, gives prevalence Rate at which people enter eg. 10 / Hr. is the incidence

Uses of prevalence : 

Uses of prevalence Estimate the magnitude of disease in the community and identify high risk population Prevalence are helpful in administrative and planning purposes eg: hospital beds, manpower needs, rehabilitation facilities

Morbidity indicators : 

Morbidity indicators Incidence and prevalence Notification rates Attendance of O.P.D Admission readmission and discharge rates Duration of stay in hospital Spells of sickness or absence from work or school

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Morbidity Point prevalence 1.Is anybody sick in your Family ? Yes/No IF YES NAME AGE SEX TYPE OF SICKNESS 2.Whether he/she attending to routine work? Yes/No Period prevalence 1.Is anybody sick in your Family in the past one month? Yes/No IF YES NAME AGE SEX TYPE OF SICKNESS 2.Whether he/she attending to routine work? Yes/No

MORBIDITY : 

MORBIDITY Whether he/she has taken Treatment - yes/No If yes where they are taken Chronic diseases- Since how many days/months/years their Disease Present. Specify Treatment details Current Morbidity

Health care utilization : 

Health care utilization when somebody falls sick, where do you go for treatment ? GH/PHC/SC/ RHTC Valadi 2. Private 3. Traditional healers 4. Self Medicated. 2. Reasons for the Preference: 3. Distance traveled 4. Time required to reach there.

DISABILITY : 

DISABILITY Note:- Types of Disability Dependency Status Cause 1. Locomotion 1. Totally Dependent Congenital 2. Hearing 2. Partially Dependent acquired- Accident 3. Visual 3. Not Dependent Any Disease, Others 4. Deaf 5. Dumb 6. Mental illness

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