Networks

Chapter 9 Communications and Networks : 

Chapter 9 Communications and Networks

Chapter 9 Objectives : 

Chapter 9 Objectives Discuss the components required for successful communications Identify various sendingand receiving devices Describe uses of computer communications List advantages of using a network Differentiate among client/server,peer-to-peer, and P2P networks Describe the various network communications standards Explain the purpose ofcommunications software Describe various types of lines for communications over the telephone network Describe commonly usedcommunications devices Discuss different ways to set upa home network Identify various physical and wireless transmission media

Communications : 

Communications What are computer communications? p. 460 Fig. 9-1 Process in which two or more computers or devices transfer data, instructions, and information

Communications : 

What is needed for successful communications? Communications p. 460 - 461

Uses of Computer Communications : 

Uses of Computer Communications What are some uses of communications technology? p. 462 Web Internet E-Mail InstantMessaging Internet Telephony Newsgroups Chat Rooms WebFolders Fax Machine or Computer Fax/Modem VideoConferencing FTP

Uses of Computer Communications : 

Uses of Computer Communications What are wireless messaging services? p. 463 - 464

Uses of Computer Communications : 

Uses of Computer Communications What are public Internet access points and cybercafés? p. 464 Fig. 9-5 Public Internet access point allows wireless connection to Internet in public location Cybercafé is coffee house that provides computers with Internet access

Uses of Computer Communications : 

Uses of Computer Communications What is a global positioning system (GPS)? p. 466 Fig. 9-6 Step 1.GPS satellites orbit Earth. Every thousandth of a second, each satellite sends a signal that indicates its current position to the GPS server. Step 2.A GPS receiver (such as in a car, a PDA, a watch, a handheld device, or a collar) determines its location on Earth by analyzing at least 3 separate satellite signals from the 24 satellites in orbit.

Uses of Computer Communications : 

Uses of Computer Communications What are collaboration and groupware? p. 467 - 468 Fig. 9-7 Microsoft’s NetMeeting allows collaboration Groupware is softwarethat allows peopleto shareinformation Collaboration is working with other users connected to a server

Uses of Computer Communications : 

Uses of Computer Communications What are voice mail and web services? p. 468 Fig. 9-8 Voice mail is voice message converted to digital form Web services describe standardized software that enables programmers to create applications that communicate with other remote computers over the Internet

Networks : 

Networks What is a network? p. 469 Fig. 9-9 Collection of computers and devices connected via communications devices and transmissionmedia

Networks : 

Networks What is a local area network (LAN)? p. 471 Fig. 9-10 Network in limited geographical area such as home or office building Wireless LAN (WLAN) Metropolitan area network (MAN) connects LANs in city or town

Networks : 

Networks What is a wide area network (WAN)? p. 472 Fig. 9-12 Network that covers large geographic area using many types of media Internet is world’s largest WAN

Networks : 

Networks What is a client/server network? p. 472 Fig. 9-13 One or more computers act as server and other computers, or clients, access server

Networks : 

Networks What is a peer-to-peer network? p. 473 Fig. 9-14 Simple network that connects fewer than 10 computers Each computer, or peer, has equal capabilities

Networks : 

Networks What is Internet peer-to-peer (P2P)? p. 473 Fig. 9-15 Enables users to connect to each other’s hard disks and exchange files directly

Networks : 

Networks What is a bus network? p. 474 Fig. 9-16 All computers and devices connect to central cable,or bus Example of network topology (layout of devices in network) Popular topologies are bus, ring, and star

Networks : 

Networks What is a ring network? p. 474 Fig. 9-17 Cable forms closed ring, or loop, with all computers and devices arranged along ring Data travels from device to device around entire ring, in one direction

Networks : 

Networks What is a star network? p. 475 Fig. 9-18 All devices connect to a central device, called hub All data transferred from one computer to another passes through hub

Networks : 

Networks What is an intranet? p. 475

Network Communications Standards : 

Network Communications Standards What are Ethernet and token ring? p. 476 Ethernet technology allows computers to contend for access to network If two computers send data at same time, a collision occurs and computers must send again Token ring technology controls access to network by requiring devices to pass a special signal, called token

Network Communications Standards : 

Network Communications Standards What are TCP/IP and 802.11? p. 477 - 478 Fig. 9-20 TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol) technology transmits data by breaking it up into small pieces, or packets Commonly used for Internet transmissions 802.11 is family of standards for wireless LANs

Network Communications Standards : 

Network Communications Standards What is Bluetooth? p. 478 Short-range radio waves transmitdatabetweenBluetoothdevices

Network Communications Standards : 

Network Communications Standards What are IrDA, RFID, and Wireless Applications Protocol (WAP)? p. 478 - 480 IrDAspecification allows data to be transferred wirelessly via infrared light waves Wireless Applications Protocol (WAP) allow wireless mobile devices to access Internet Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) uses radio signals to communicatewith a tag placed in an object

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Communications Software : 

Communications Software What is communications software? p. 480

Communications Over the Telephone Network : 

Communications Over the Telephone Network What is the public switched telephone network (PSTN)? p. 481 Fig. 9-23 Worldwide telephone system that handles voice-oriented telephone calls

Communications Over the Telephone Network : 

Communications Over the Telephone Network What is a dial-up line? p. 481 Temporary connection using telephone line for communications Costs no more than making regular call Computers at any two locations can establish a connection using modems and telephone network

Communications Over the Telephone Network : 

Communications Over the Telephone Network What is a dedicated line? p. 482 Fig. 9-24 Four types are ISDN line, DSL, T-carrier line, and ATM Always-on connection between two communications devices

Communications Devices : 

Communications Devices What are examples of communications devices? p. 484

Communications Devices : 

Communications Devices What is a dial-up modem? p. 485 Figs. 9-27 Converts digital signals to analog signals and vice versa Notebook computers often use PC Card modem

Communications Devices : 

Communications Devices What are ISDN and DSL modems? p. 485 Communications devices that send and receive digital ISDN and DSL signals Usually external devices in which one end connects to a telephone line and the other end connects to a port on the system unit

Communications Devices : 

Communications Devices What is a cable modem? p. 485 - 486 Fig. 9-28 Sends and receives data over cable television network Much faster than dial-up modem or ISDN Sometimes called a broadband modem

Communications Devices : 

Communications Devices What is a wireless modem? p. 486 Fig. 9-29 Allows access to the Web wirelessly from a notebook computer, a PDA, a smart phone, or other mobile device Typically use the same waves used by cellular telephones

Communications Devices : 

Communications Devices What is a network card? p. 486 Fig. 9-30 Adapter card, PC Card, or compact flash card that enables computer or device to access network Sometimes called network interface card (NIC)

Communications Devices : 

Communications Devices What is a wireless access point? p. 487 Fig. 9-31 Central communications device that allows computers and devices to transfer data wirelessly among themselves or to wired network

Communications Devices : 

Communications Devices What is a router? p. 488 Fig. 9-32 Connects computers and transmits data to correct destination on network Routers forward data on Internet using fastest available path

Communications Devices : 

Communications Devices What is a hub? p. 488 Fig. 9-33 Device that provides central point for cables in network

Home Networks : 

Home Networks What is a home network? p. 489 Fig. 9-34 Multiple computers connected in home Several types of home networks Ethernet — connect computers via cable Powerline cable — use electrical lines in house Phoneline — use telephone lines HomeRF (radio frequency) — wireless

Communications Channel : 

Communications Channel What is a communications channel? p. 491 Transmission media on which data travels in communications system Bandwidth is amount of data that can travel over channel Transmission media are materials capable of carrying one or more signals

Communications Channel : 

Communications Channel How is a request sent over the Internet using a communications channel? p. 491 Fig. 9-35 Step 1. The sending device requests information using either a physical transmission media or a wireless transmission media. Step 2. When the request leaves the ISP, it travels over T1 lines, microwave stations, earth-based stations, and communications satellites until it reaches the Internet backbone. Step 3. The request travels over T3 lines along the Internet backbone. Step 4. The Request travels over T1 lines until it reaches the destination network server.

Physical Transmission Media : 

Physical Transmission Media What is physical transmission media? p. 492 Fig. 9-36 Wire, cable, and other tangible materials used to send communications signals

Physical Transmission Media : 

Physical Transmission Media What are twisted-pair cable and coaxial cable? p. 493 Fig. 9-37—9-38 Twisted-pair cable is used for telephone systems and network cabling Coaxial cable is often used for cable television wiring

Physical Transmission Media : 

Physical Transmission Media What is fiber-optic cable? p. 493 Fig. 9-39 Capable of carrying significantly more data at faster speeds than wire cables Less susceptible to interference (noise) and, therefore, more secure Smaller size (thinner and lighter)

Wireless Transmission Media : 

Wireless Transmission Media What is wireless transmission media? p. 494 Fig. 9-40 Used when inconvenient, impractical, or impossible to install cables Includes Bluetooth and IrDA

Wireless Transmission Media : 

Wireless Transmission Media What are broadcast radio and cellular radio? p. 494 Fig. 9-41 Broadcast radio distributes radio signals over long and short distances Cellular radio is form of broadcast radio used for mobile communications

Wireless Transmission Media : 

Wireless Transmission Media What is a microwave station? p. 495 Fig. 9-42 Earth-based reflective dish used for microwave communications Must transmit in straight line with no obstructions

Wireless Transmission Media : 

Wireless Transmission Media What is a communications satellite? p. 496 Fig. 9-43 Space station that receives microwave signals from earth-based station, amplifies signals, and broadcasts signals back to any number of earth-based stations

Summary of Communications and Networks : 

Summary of Communications and Networks Chapter 9 Complete Communications terminology and applications How to join computers into a network Various communications devices, media, and procedures