data coll. method on R.M.

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RESEARCH METHODOLOGY PRESENTATION On Data collection method Presented By:- Saroj kumar singh .

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Survey Method There are several ways (types)of administering a survey. 1. Telephone use of interviewers encourages sample persons to respond, leading to higher response rates. interviewers can increase comprehension of questions by answering respondents'questions. fairly cost efficient, depending on local call charge structure good for large national (or international) sampling frames some potential for interviewer bias (e.g. some people may be more willing to discuss a sensitive issue with a female interviewer than with a male one) cannot be used for non-audio information (graphics, demonstrations, taste/smell samples) unreliable for consumer surveys in rural areas where telephone density is low three types : traditional telephone interviews computer assisted telephone dialing computer assisted telephone interviewing (CATI )

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2. Mail the questionnaire may be handed to the respondents or mailed to them, but in all cases they are returned to the researcher via mail. An advantage is, is that cost is very low, since bulk postage is cheap in most countries long time delays, often several months, before the surveys are returned and statistical analysis can begin not suitable for issues that may require clarification respondents can answer at their own convenience (allowing them to break up long surveys; also useful if they need to check records to answer a question) no interviewer bias introduced large amount of information can be obtained: some mail surveys are as long as 50 pages response rates can be improved by using mail panels members of the panel have agreed to participate panels can be used in longitudinal designs where the same respondents are surveyed several times

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can use web or e-mail. Web is preferred over e-mail because interactive HTML forms can be used often inexpensive to administer very fast results easy to modify response rates can be improved by using Online panels - members of the panel have agreed to participate honesty of responses can be an issue if not password-protected, easy to manipulate by completing multiple times to skew results data creation, manipulation and reporting can be automated and/or easily exported into a format that can be read by PSPP, DAP or other statistical analysis software data sets created in real time some are incentive based (such as Survey Vault or YouGov) may skew sample towards a younger demographic compared with CATI often difficult to determine/control selection probabilities, hindering quantitative analysis of data used in large scale industries. 3. Online survey(i.e. Electronic)

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4. Personal in-home survey respondents are interviewed in person, in their homes (or at the front door) very high cost suitable when graphic representations, smells, or demonstrations are involved often suitable for long surveys (but some respondents object to allowing strangers into their home for extended periods) suitable for locations where telephone or mail are not developed skilled interviewers can persuade respondents to cooperate, improving response rates potential for interviewer bias

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Personal mall intercept survey shoppers at malls are intercepted - they are either interviewed on the spot, taken to a room and interviewed, or taken to a room and given a self- administered questionnaire socially acceptable - people feel that a mall is a more appropriate place to do research than their home potential for interviewer bias fast easy to manipulate by completing multiple times to skew results

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Advantages and disadvantages of surveys Advantages As in sample study few units are to be examined detailed study of the survey can be done. As few units are to be examined the survey work requires less time. Thus in this way sample survey saves time & lots of money. In sample survey few persons are required for the survey work so experts can be appointed for the survey Sample survey that similar data can be collected from groups then interpreted comparatively (between-group study). Sample survey is also used to check the accuracy of the census data (population survey). Surveys are flexible in the sense that a wide range of information can be collected. They can be used to study attitudes, values, beliefs, and past behaviors. Sample surveys are usually cheaper to conduct than a full census. They are relatively easy to administer. They can be administered from remote locations using mail, email or telephone. Consequently, very large samples are feasible, making the results statistically significant even when analyzing multiple variables.

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Disadvantages They depend on subjects’ motivation, honesty, memory, and ability to respond. Subjects may not be aware of their reasons for any given action. Structured surveys, particularly those with closed ended questions, may have low validity when researching affective variables. Survey question answer-choices could lead to vague data sets because at times they are relative only to a personal abstract notion concerning "strength of choice". For instance the choice "moderately agree" may mean different things to different subjects, and to anyone interpreting the data for correlation. Although the individuals chosen to participate in surveys are often randomly sampled, errors due to non response may exist . That is, people who choose to respond on the survey may be different from those who do not respond, thus biasing the estimates