COM Basic Safety 0905 - 1

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Basic Safety

Objectives:

Objectives An Overview of OSHA Coverage under OSHA Specific Requirements OSHA Inspections OSHA Violations

Objectives – cont’d:

Objectives – cont’d The Basic Safety Process 7 Core Components Hazard Survey Workshop

Occupational Safety and Health Administration:

Occupational Safety and Health Administration

What Does OSHA Do?:

What Does OSHA Do? Encourages employers and employees to reduce workplace hazards Develops and enforces mandatory job safety and health standards Maintains a reporting and recordkeeping system Provides assistance, training and other support programs to help employers and workers

Who Is Covered by the OSH Act?:

Who Is Covered by the OSH Act? All employees and their employers under Federal Government authority Coverage provided either directly by federal OSHA or through an OSHA-approved state program

OSHA Standards:

OSHA Standards OSHA is responsible for writing and enforcing standards that employers must follow Where OSHA has not issued specific standards, employers are responsible for following the OSH Act's “General Duty Clause” States with OSHA-approved programs must set standards at least as effective as federal standards

General Duty Clause:

General Duty Clause Paragraph 5(a)(1) Each employer “shall furnish . . . a place of employment which is free from recognized hazards that are causing or are likely to cause death or serious physical harm to his employees.”

What Does OSHA Require?:

What Does OSHA Require? Employers determine which OSHA standards apply to their workplace Employers ensure that employees are following the OSHA standards and requirements

What Are Employers’ Rights and Responsibilities?:

What Are Employers’ Rights and Responsibilities? The OSH Act grants employers important rights, particularly during and after an OSHA inspection Employers provide a safe and healthful workplace free of recognized hazards and follow the OSHA standards Employers provide training, medical examinations and recordkeeping

Workplace Inspections:

Workplace Inspections Every establishment covered by the Act is subject to inspection Inspections are conducted without advance notice

Inspection Priorities:

Inspection Priorities Imminent Danger Catastrophes and Fatal Accidents Employee Complaints May be handled by phone/fax Programmed Inspections Follow-up Inspections

OSH Act Provisions: Inspection Process:

OSH Act Provisions: Inspection Process Opening conference Inspection of company/facility Closing conference

OSH Act Provisions: Types of Violations:

OSH Act Provisions: Types of Violations Willful Serious Repeated Failure to correct (abate) prior violations Other than serious

WILLFUL VIOLATION:

WILLFUL VIOLATION A violation that the employer intentionally and knowingly commits. Willful violations carry penalties of $5,000 to $70,000.

SERIOUS VIOLATION:

SERIOUS VIOLATION A violation where there is substantial probability that death or serious physical harm could result and that the employer knew, or should have known, of the hazard. A penalty must be proposed and can range up to $7,000 per serious violation

REPEAT VIOLATION:

REPEAT VIOLATION A violation of any standard, regulation, rule or order where, upon re-inspection, a substantially similar violation is found. Repeated violations can bring penalties of up to $70,000.

FAILURE TO ABATE:

FAILURE TO ABATE Failure to correct a prior violation may result in civil penalties of up to $7,000 per day for each day the violation continues beyond the prescribed abatement date.

“OTHER”:

“OTHER” A violation that has a direct relationship to job safety and health, but probably would not cause death or serious physical harm. Penalties are discretionary, but may range up to $7,000.

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Number Percent Reason for Inspection 21,576 (55.1%) High hazard targeted 9,176 (23.4%) Complaint/accident related 8,415 (21.5%) Referrals, follow-ups, etc. Citations

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Number Percent Industry Sector 22,360 (57.1%) Construction 8,755 (22.4%) Manufacturing 378 (1%) Maritime 7,674 (19.6%) Other industries Citations

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Violations Percent Type Current Penalties $ 232 (0.2%) Willful 6,733,425 ($30K) 59,877 (44.7%) Serious 53,082,058 ($880) 2,219 (1.6%) Repeat 4,535,345 ($2,043) 514 (0.4%) Failure to Abate 2,796,591 ($5,440) 71,018 (53%) Other 6,836,640 ($96) 13 (0%) Unclassified 74,900 ($5,761) 133,873 TOTAL $74,058,959 ($553) Citations

Most Frequently Cited Serious Violations – General Industry:

Most Frequently Cited Serious Violations – General Industry

Most Frequently Cited Serious Violations – Construction:

Most Frequently Cited Serious Violations – Construction Fall Protection – Unprotected Sides and Edges  6 ft Head Protection - General Scaffold Fall Protection – Height > 10 ft Residential Fall Protection – Unprotected Sides and Edges  6 ft Scaffold Platform – Access Requirements Excavation – Cave-in Protection Employer Instruction of Unsafe Conditions and Applicable Regulations Fall Protection – Employee Training Program Employees Tied-off in Aerial Lifts and Baskets Scaffolds – Planked or decked

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Any notice of proposed penalty shall state that the proposed penalty shall be deemed to be the final order of the Review Commission and not subject to review by any court or agency unless, within 15 working days from the date of receipt of such notice, the employer notifies the Area Director in writing that he intends to contest the citation or the notification of proposed penalty before the Review Commission. (1903) Citations & Employer’s Rights

The Safety Process:

The Safety Process

SAFETY PROCESS COMPONENTS:

SAFETY PROCESS COMPONENTS Seven Core Components Management Analysis Record keeping Education & Training Audit/Inspection Accident Investigation Safety Process Review

SAFETY PROCESS COMPONENTS:

SAFETY PROCESS COMPONENTS Management component Includes a written safety policy demonstrating management’s commitment to employee safety and health. Assigns responsibility for the implementation of the program. Assigns authority and accountability from top management to the newest employee.

Benefits of Managing Safety Efforts :

Benefits of Managing Safety Efforts Reduces the frequency and severity of work-related injuries and illnesses Improves employee morale and productivity Reduces workers' compensation costs

Management component Responsibility /Authority / Accountability:

Management component Responsibility /Authority / Accountability Lists written safety responsibilities in job description Gives each person authority to act on safety issues Measures specified safety related activities Ties safety into performance appraisal Holds managers and employees accountable

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RESPONSIBILITIES TRAINING & SAFETY MEETINGS Person Documentation Training/Meeting Responsible Interval Required New Hire Orientation Name Person At time of Hire New Hire Orientation Format Specific Hazards Name Person Prior to exposure Training/Meeting Format Equipment Operations Name Person Prior to operation Training/Meeting Format Safety Meeting Name Person Monthly Training/Meeting Format AUDITS & INSPECTIONS Person Documentation Audit/Inspection Responsible Interval Required Jobsite/Office Name Person Monthly beginning Inspection Format Vehicle Name Person Monthly beginning Inspection Format Tools/Equipment Name Person Monthly beginning Inspection Format Training/Meeting Records Name Person Quarterly beginning Audit Format TREND ANALYSIS AND PROGRAM REVIEW Person Reviews Responsible Interval Report Trend Analysis Name Person On going & periodic as needed (Annually as minimum) Trend Analysis Format Review of APP & Programs Name Person Periodic as needed. (Annually as minimum) APP Review Format

SAFETY PROCESS COMPONENTS:

SAFETY PROCESS COMPONENTS Analysis component Review injury and self-inspection records to determine if trends are developing. Include clear procedures to identify injury and hazard trends. Include what data will be reviewed, who will review the data, how often trends will be analyzed and what action will be taken to abate trends.

Analysis Component:

Analysis Component Identify trends Cause of injury Department with injuries Shift with injuries Evaluate controls Target unsafe behaviors and conditions

Analysis – cont’d:

Analysis – cont’d Develop an action plan Define corrective actions Assign responsibility Set target dates Appropriate resources

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COMPAN NAME INJURY LOG Type of Injury/ Case Employee Job Date Of Where The Part Of Body/ # Name Title Injury Injury Occurred Machine/Tool/ Task

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TREND ANALYSIS AND PROGRAM REVIEW Person Reviews Responsible Interval Report Trend Analysis Name Person On going & periodic as needed (Annually as minimum) Trend Analysis Format Review of APP & Programs Name Person Periodic as needed. (Annually as minimum) APP Review Format

SAFETY PROCESS COMPONENTS:

SAFETY PROCESS COMPONENTS Record keeping Component What records will be kept Where they will be kept How long they should be kept Who will keep them What records are required by OSHA

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TRAINING ATTENDANCE LIST Date Held Program Title/Safety Meeting Topic Trainer Attendee: Name/SSN (EE#)/Signature Topics Discussed Names of Employees who missed the safety meeting/training: Meeting/Training Make Up Date

SAFETY PROCESS COMPONENTS:

SAFETY PROCESS COMPONENTS Education & Training Component Employees should be trained on the hazards they will be exposed to while performing their job. This component should include: What training will be conducted Who will conduct the training Who will receive training How frequently the training is conducted When new employees will be trained

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TRAINING & SAFETY MEETINGS Person Documentation Training/Meeting Responsible Interval Required New Hire Orientation Name Person At time of Hire New Hire Orientation Format Specific Hazards Name Person Prior to exposure Training/Meeting Format Equipment Operations Name Person Prior to operation Training/Meeting Format Safety Meeting Name Person Monthly Training/Meeting Format

Training cont’d:

Training cont’d Develop a training schedule/calendar Training aids: Classroom Video Online self study Verify that material was understood Quiz

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SPECIALIZED TRAINING Training Trainer J F M A M J J A S O N D Emergency Procedures FIRST AID / CPR / BBP Equipment Operations Name/type of equipment Driving Safety Gun Safety Ergonomics Electrical Safety Heat Stress Fire Prevention Ladder Safety

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Company Name Employee Name: _____________________________ Date Employed:_____________ Occupation:_____________________________________________________________ NEW EMPLOYEE SAFETY ORIENTATION RECORD Date Sup. Emp. Item Comp. Initials Initials General Safety Rules and safety rules specific to employee’s job duty discussed with employee. Employee safety responsibilities reviewed: Where and when to report unsafe conditions, how / when / where to report injuries.

SAFETY PROCESS COMPONENTS:

SAFETY PROCESS COMPONENTS Audit/Inspection Component A hazard assessment should be periodically performed to identify unsafe conditions or acts. The component should include: What areas will be inspected Who will conduct the inspection How often they will be conducted How to report findings Who is responsible for corrective actions

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AUDITS & INSPECTIONS Person Documentation Audit/Inspection Responsible Interval Required Jobsite/Office Name Person Monthly beginning Inspection Format Vehicle Name Person Monthly beginning Inspection Format Tools/Equipment Name Person Monthly beginning Inspection Format Training/Meeting Records Name Person Quarterly beginning Audit Format

Who Should Conduct inspections?:

Who Should Conduct inspections? Management Safety Director Employees Outside Consultants

Documentation:

Documentation Develop a checklist Tailor to specific operations Include date and location Include inspector’s name Note unsafe behaviors and conditions Follow-up on corrective actions

Frequency of Self Inspections:

Frequency of Self Inspections High hazard areas – at least monthly Low hazard areas – at least quarterly Vehicles – at least monthly Jobsites - daily

SAFETY PROCESS COMPONENTS:

SAFETY PROCESS COMPONENTS Accident Investigation Component All accidents should be investigated to determine the causal factors so that corrective action can be taken to prevent future occurrences. This should include: Clear procedures and guidelines for investigating accidents and incidents to identify cause factors Accident investigation training for supervisors Individuals who will recommend corrective actions and follow-up Return to work plan

Incident Investigation Component:

Incident Investigation Component Conduct as soon as possible after incident Use standard form Determine root cause Do not “place blame”

Incident Investigation cont’d:

Incident Investigation cont’d Obtain written employee and witness statements Obtain pictures or drawings Take corrective actions Implement immediate controls Communicate findings Provide follow-up training

RETURN TO WORK PROGRAMS:

RETURN TO WORK PROGRAMS REDUCE costs associated with job related injury & illness! CONTROL lost time! ELIMINATE opportunities for FRAUD & MALINGERING!

BENEFITS TO INJURED WORKERS:

BENEFITS TO INJURED WORKERS HEAL FASTER AND BETTER RETAIN JOB SKILLS RETAIN BENEFITS/SENIORITY RETAIN LONG TERM PRODUCTIVE EMPLOYMENT ECONOMIC STABILITY

YOU AND THE TREATING DOCTOR:

YOU AND THE TREATING DOCTOR PREPARE AHEAD OF TIME BRIEF LETTER EXPLAINING PROGRAM JOB DESCRIPTION- TASK ANALYSIS

Program Review Component:

Program Review Component Review program regularly Determine if process is effective and meets company needs

SAFETY PROCESS COMPONENTS:

SAFETY PROCESS COMPONENTS Plan and Program Review At least once a year, review the program to ensure that it is still addressing the hazards and exposures and that it is still effective. This should include: When the plan will be reviewed Who will review the plan Who has the authority to revise the plan Who is responsible for implementing changes What is the deadline for implementing changes

Program Review Component Safety Communication:

Program Review Component Safety Communication Encourage employee suggestions for safety and production changes Provide follow up to suggestions Emphasize a team work environment

Program Review Component Job Safety Analysis:

Program Review Component Job Safety Analysis Perform for operations which are creating injuries or have high potential for serious injuries Select job Break job into steps Identify hazards for each step Develop controls for each step .

Resources:

Resources OSHA www.osha.gov Texas Mutual Insurance Co. www.texasmutual.com Texas Department of Insurance-Division of Workers‘ Compensation http://www.tdi.state.tx.us/wc/indexwc.html www.tdh.state.tx.us

BREAK !:

BREAK ! STUDY THE ATTACHMENTS TO YOUR HANDOUTS!

HAZARD SURVEY - WORKSHOP:

HAZARD SURVEY - WORKSHOP Discuss Hazards Causal Factors Applicable Safety Process Components WWOD? Recommendations

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HAZARD IDENTIFICATION

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Hazard Work Shop Discussion Sheet Discuss: Hazards Causal factors Applicable Safety Process Component(s) WWOD? Recommended corrective actions

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Accident Type: Struck by Nail Company: General Contractor Designated Competent Person on Site?: No Employer Safety and Health Program?: No Training and Education for Employees?: No

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BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF ACCIDENT A carpenter apprentice was killed when he was struck in the head by a nail that was fired from a powder actuated tool. The tool operator, while attempting to anchor a plywood form in preparation for pouring a concrete wall, fired the gun causing the nail to pass through the hollow wall. The nail traveled twenty-seven feet before striking the victim. The tool operator had never received training in the proper use of the tool, and none of the employees in the area were wearing personal protective equipment.

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INSPECTION RESULTS As a result of its investigation, OSHA issued citations for three serious violations. Had employees been trained in the use of powder-actuated tools and had precautions been taken to prevent the nail from passing through the wall, the accident probably would not have occurred.

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ACCIDENT PREVENTION RECOMMENDATIONS Institute a program for frequent and regular inspections of the job site, materials, and equipment by a competent person(s ) (1926.20(b)(2)). Require employees exposed to the potential hazards associated with flying nails to use appropriate personal protective equipment. (1926.100(a) and 1926.102(a)(1)). Train employees using powder actuated tools in the safe operation of the particular tool (1926.302(e)(2)). Train employees operating power actuated tools to avoid firing into easily penetrated materials (1926.302(e)(8)).

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ACCIDENT PREVENTION RECOMMENDATION * Employees using powder-actuated tools must be trained in the operation of the particular tool. [29 CFR 1926.302(e)(l)]. *Driving into materials easily penetrated must be avoided unless materials are backed by a substance that will prevent the nail from passing completely through and creating a flying missile hazard on the other side [29 CFR 1926.302(e)(8)]. *Operators and assistants using powder-actuated tools must be safeguarded with eye protection [28 CFR 1926.302(e)(12)]

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BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF ACCIDENT Two plumbers working in a trench were being hoisted to the street level in the bucket of an excavator. As the excavator operator started to swing the bucket it jerked causing one employee to fall approximately 14 feet striking his head on the pipe in the trench. The employee died as the result of his head injury.

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INSPECTION RESULTS As a result of its investigation OSHA issued a citation alleging one serious violation .

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ACCIDENT PREVENTION RECOMMENDATIONS *A work rule prohibiting employees from riding in the bucket of an excavator should be effectively communicated and enforced. * Employees must be instructed in the recognition and avoidance of unsafe conditions and the regulations applicable to their work environment to control or eliminate any hazards or other exposure to illness or injury (29 CFR 1926.21 (b)(2)). *When employees are required to be in trenches four feet deep or more, an adequate means of exit such as a ladder or steps, shall be provided (29 CFR 1926.652).

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BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF ACCIDENT Two employees were using a crawling board/chicken ladder type apparatus while they painted the roof of a barn. The crawling board/chicken ladder broke, and both employees fell approximately 35 feet to the ground, One employee sustained multiple injuries, and the other employee was killed.

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INSPECTION RESULTS As a result of its investigation, OSHA issued a citation alleging one serious violation and two other than serious violations . OSHA's construction standards include several requirements which, if they had been followed here, might have prevented this fatality.

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ACCIDENT PREVENTION RECOMMENDATIONS *Crawling boards/chicken ladders must be constructed so as to meet the minimum design specifications set forth for such equipment (29 CFR 1926.451(v)(1)). *A firmly fastened lifeline of at least V4 inch rope or equivalent must be strung beside each crawling board or chicken ladder for a handhold (29 CFR 1926.451(v)(2)). *Crawling boards/chicken ladders must be effectively secured to the roof (29 CFR 1926.451(v)(3)). * A safety program must be established to prevent accidents. It must include frequent and regular inspections of job sites, materials, and equipment by a competent person (29 CFR 1926.20(b)(1) and (b)(2))

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BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF ACCIDENT One employee was climbing a metal ladder to hand an electric drill to the journeyman installer on a scaffold about five feet above him. When the victim reached the third rung from the bottom of the ladder he received an electric shock that killed him. The investigation revealed that the extension cord had a missing grounding prong and that a conductor on the green grounding wire was making intermittent contact with the energizing black wire thereby energizing the entire length of the grounding wire and the drill's frame. The drill was not double insulated.

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INSPECTION RESULTS As a result of its investigation, OSHA issued citations for violations of construction standards.

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ACCIDENT PREVENTION RECOMMENDATIONS *Use approved ground fault circuit interrupters or an assured equipment grounding conductor program to protect employees on construction sites [29 CFR 1926.404(b)(1)]. *Use equipment that provides a permanent and continuous path from circuits, equipment, structures, conduit or enclosures to ground [29 CFR 1926.404(d)(6)]. * Inspect electrical tools and equipment daily and remove damaged or defective equipment from use until it is repaired [29 CFR 1926.404(b)(iii)(c)].

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BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF ACCIDENT Employees were laying sewer pipe in a trench 15 feet deep. The sides of the trench, 4 feet wide at the bottom and 15 feet wide at the top, were not shored or protected to prevent a cave-in. Soil in the lower portion of the trench was mostly sand and gravel and the upper portion was clay and loam. The trench was not protected from vibration caused by heavy vehicle traffic on the road nearby. To leave the trench, employees had to exit by climbing over the backfill. As they attempted to leave the trench, there was a small cave-in covering one employee to his ankles. When the other employee went to his co-worker's aid another cave-in occurred covering him to his waist. The first employee died of a rupture of the right ventricle of his heart at the scene of the cave-in. The other employee suffered a hip injury.

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INSPECTION RESULTS Following investigation, citations were issued alleging three willful, four serious and two non-serious violations of construction standards. Had the trench been shored to prevent slides or cave-ins and had employees been trained to recognize and avoid unsafe conditions, the accident could have been prevented.

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ACCIDENT PREVENTION RECOMMENDATIONS * Employers must instruct employees on how to recognize and avoid hazardous conditions and on regulations applicable to the work environment (29 CFR 1926.21(b)(2)). *Excavated and other materials must be effectively stored and retained at least two feet from the edge of the excavation (29 CFR 1926.651(i)(1)). *The employer must ensure that the walls or side of trenches in unstable or soft material 5 feet or more in depth, be shored, sheeted, braced, sloped, or protected in some manner to prevent cave-ins and to protect employees required to work within them (29 CFR 1926.652(b)). *When excavations are subjected to vibrations from highway traffic, additional precautions must be taken to prevent cave-ins (29 CFR 1926.652 (e)). *Ladders must be provided as a means of exit when employees are required to be in trenches 4 or more feet deep (29 CFR 1926.652(h)).

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BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF ACCIDENT A crew laying bricks on the upper floor of a three-story building built a six-foot platform spanning a gap between two scaffolds. The platform was correctly constructed of two 2" × 12" planks with standard guardrails; however, one of the planks was not scaffold grade lumber and also had extensive dry rot in the center. When a bricklayer stepped on the plank it disintegrated and he fell 30 feet to his death.

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INSPECTION RESULTS As a result of its investigation, OSHA issued a citation alleging two serious violations of its standards. Had OSHA construction safety standards been followed, this fatality might have been prevented.

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ACCIDENT PREVENTION RECOMMENDATIONS *Have a "competent" person regularly and frequently inspect the jobsite, including materials and equipment, to assure compliance with OSHA standards (29 CFR 1926.20(b)(2)). *Use only scaffold grade or equivalent wood for planking on scaffolds (29 CFR 1926.451(a)(10)).

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BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF ACCIDENT A construction crew was preparing to pour concrete into forms. A laborer climbed up a ladder on one side of the forms and stepped over the form to stand on an unguarded scaffold on the opposite side. He was carrying two hand trowels and a brush to be used by other workers after the concrete was poured. He fell, striking his head on a concrete slab at ground level and sustained fatal injuries. * Because the employee had previously worked for the employer on several different occasions and had been performing this type of work over the last 21 years the employer felt no training was necessary for this employee and none was provided.

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INSPECTION RESULTS OSHA cited the employer for a serious violation of its requirement to install standard guardrail and toe boards on all open sides and ends of platforms more than 10 feet above the ground or floor.

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ACCIDENT PREVENTION RECOMMENDATIONS Train employees to recognize and avoid unsafe conditions associated with their work [29 CFR 1926.21(b)(2)]. Install standard guardrail and toe boards on all open sides and ends of platforms more than 10 feet above the ground or floor [29 CFR 1926.451(a)(4)]

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BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF ACCIDENT Two laborers and a fork lift driver were staking 40-foot-long I-beams in preparation for structural steel erection. One laborer was placing a 2 X 4 inch wooden spacer on the last  I-beam on the stack. The fork lift driver drove up to the stack with another I-beam that was not secured or blocked on the fork lift tines. The I-beam fell from the tines, pining the laborer between the fallen I beam and the stack of beams.

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INSPECTION RESULTS As a result of its investigation, OSHA issued citations for two serious violations of OSHA standards.

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ACCIDENT PREVENTION RECOMMENDATIONS The employer must: * Instruct each employee in the recognition and avoidance of unsafe conditions and regulations applicable to the work environment to control or eliminate any hazards. In accordance with Title 29 Code of the Federal Regulations (CFR) 1926.21(b)(2). *Ensure that proper personal equipment (employee did not wear a seat belt while operating the fork lift) is worn in all operations where there is exposure to hazardous conditions, in accordance with 29 CFR 1926.28(a) *Ensure that powered industrial trucks have loads that are stable and secure and that persons are not allowed too close to the elevated portions, in accordance with 29 CFR 1926.602(c)(1)(vi). *Ensure that  the employer initiates and maintains  a safety and health program, in accordance with 29 CFR 1926.20(b)(2)

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Questions

References/Contact:

References/Contact Google.com BLS.com OSHA.gov Best Regards, Chanda Chaney Loss Prevention Consultant 214-886-5437 cchaney@texasmutual.com

THANK YOU :

THANK YOU FOR ATTENDING!