Sacraments of the Catholic Church

Sacraments of the Catholic Church: 

Sacraments of the Catholic Church

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The Concept of Sacrament • People need myth, ritual and symbol • Signs move us from created things to creator • Ritual and symbols help express understanding of infinite • Signs become symbols of an invisible reality

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‘Religious symbols have two important functions. First, they represent some significant reality; symbols represent invisible realities. Secondly, symbols affect that to which they refer, they draw people to the divine.’

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Definitions of Sacraments • St. Augustine “Sacraments are visible signs of invisible grace.” • Baltimore catechism “A sacrament is an outward sign instituted by Christ to give grace.”

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History of Sacraments • A move from mystery cult to sign and symbol. • Sacramental seal received through sacraments. • St. Augustine “ex opere operato ” • St. Thomas Aqinas Role of remembrance; demonstrative; prognostic

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Baptism • One becomes a formal member of the Catholic Church. • A sharing in the kingship of Christ. • Washes away the stain of original sin.

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Practice of Baptism in Christian History • Received by adults only • Candidates prepared through catechumenate . • Infant baptism developed with St. Augustine. • Godparents profess faith for infant

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Confirmation • Passage from youth to adult faith. • Early church celebrated baptism, Eucharist and confirmation together. • A ratification of baptism • An adult opportunity to choose faith

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Eucharist • Vatican II “the Eucharist is the summit toward which the activity of the Church is directed; it is also the font from which all her power flows.”

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Eucharist in the New Testament Five accounts of the Eucharist • Matthew 26:26-29 • Mark 14:22-25 • Luke 22:14-23 • John Chapter 6 • 1 Corinthians 11:23-26 • Liturgical; Last Supper & Resurrection; tradition in memory

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Theology of Eucharist • Jesus’ real presence. • No longer bread and wine – body and blood of Jesus. • Eucharist is a sacrifice • Bloodless presentation of Christ on Calvary • A sacrifice of praise and thanksgiving

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Eucharist & St. Thomas Aquinas • Real presence – bread & wine become body & blood. • ‘substance & accidents’ of Aristotle • Bread & wine change in substance, accidents do not. • ‘Transubstantiation’ philosophy explains theology. • Christ at Calvary present at Eucharist.

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Eucharist and the Council of Trent • Martin Luther rejects real presence and sacrifice. • Martin Luther rejects ‘transubstantiation’ • Council Fathers affirm ‘transubstantiation’ and the real presence.

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Eucharist and Inter-communion • Non- catholics cannot receive the Eucharist • Catholics are to refrain from non-catholic reception of Eucharist. • Reception of Eucharist in Eastern Rite Churches is allowed with restrictions.

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Concept of Discipleship • Discipleship requires a sense of commitment. • Society short on loyalty • Jesus asks for a complete commitment • It is a share in Jesus’ ministry • Discipleship is personal and costly • Marriage and Priesthood reflect discipleship.

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Marriage • Marriage a vocation of discipleship for others. • Marriage is a holy bond between one man and one woman. • Husband and wife become the sacrament, not received.

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Scriptural understanding of Marriage • Gospels and St. Paul reflect the permanence of marriage. • Mark 10, Luke 16, Matthew 19, 1 Cor. 7 • Permanent unless proven invalid ◊ Permanent ◊ Open to new life ◊ Faithfulness

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Theology of Marriage • St. Augustine saw marriage as good, but sex as negative. • St. Thomas Aquinas viewed consent and consummation as necessary. • Vatican II viewed “irrevocable personal consent.” • ‘finds it crowning glory’ in procreation and education of children.

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Holy Orders • Old Testament scripture speaks of priesthood. • Levitical priesthood developed. • Presbyters lead faith communities. • Presbyter developed into sacramental priesthood. • Council of Trent brings order to Holy Orders. • Celibacy developed in imitation of Jesus

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Concept of Sin • Fall of Adam and Eve • Noah & the flood • Moses and the 10 Commandments

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Concept of Sin • Jesus taught sin came from the human heart. • St. Paul taught • temporal destruction of relationships. • Physical death due to sin • Sin alienates us from God

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Concept of Sin • Sin leads to death; not all sin is deadly • Mortal sin • Venial sin • St. Thomas Aquinas • grave matter • sufficient reflection • full consent of will

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Sacrament of Reconciliation • "If you forgive the sins of any, they are forgiven them; if you retain the sins of any, they are retained.“ • The woman caught in adultery • Hope for reconciliation

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History of Sacrament of Reconciliation • Communal to private celebration • Early understanding was only one time reception • Reconciliation and Eucharist

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Celebration of Sacrament of Reconciliation • Vatican II brought new understanding • 1973 Rite of Penance • Rite 1 : For the reconciliation of individual penitents (for example, the Saturday afternoon confessions) • Rite 2 : For the reconciliation of several penitents with individual confession and absolution (for example, the Advent and Lent penance services) • Rite 3 : For the reconciliation of several penitents with general absolution (only allowed in exceptional cases in the United States)

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Celebration of Sacrament of Reconciliation • Sacrament of Reconciliation brings healing • Act of penance • Absolution

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The Seal of Confession Priest under seal; cannot reveal what is said in confession Even if relevant to criminal investigation Priest cannot use information gained from confession Penalty of excommunication for violation of the Seal of Confession

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