nutrition_and_aging_slides

Nutrition And Aging : 

Nutrition And Aging Provided Courtesy of www.RD411.com Review Date 11/07 G-0510

Physiological Changes Associated with Aging : 

Physiological Changes Associated with Aging Changes in body composition Decline in immune system Changes in GI tract Dental problems Sensory losses

Other Issues for Older Adults : 

Other Issues for Older Adults Eating alone Changes in support system and/or environment Polypharmacy

Nutrients of Concern for Older Adults : 

Nutrients of Concern for Older Adults Fluid Calories Protein Fat Fiber Folate B12 Calcium Vitamin D Zinc

Energy & Nutrient Needs : 

Energy & Nutrient Needs Water Energy Protein Whole grains and fiber-rich foods Fat Vitamins and minerals

Health Concerns of Older Adults : 

Health Concerns of Older Adults Cancer Heart Disease Hypertension Diabetes Osteoporosis Macular Degeneration/ vision problems Arthritis Alzheimer’s disease

Nutrition-Related Diseases Common in Older Adults : 

Nutrition-Related Diseases Common in Older Adults 1.Vision problems: Cataracts thickening of eye lens macular degeneration deterioration of center of retina responsible for straight-ahead vision Antioxidants in foods may be protective against vision loss

Nutrition-Related Diseases Common in Older Adults : 

Nutrition-Related Diseases Common in Older Adults 2. Arthritis Osteoarthritis cushioning cartilage in joint breaks down Rheumatoid arthritis disease of immune system with painful inflammation of joints Being overweight can affect arthritis

Nutrition-Related Diseases Common in Older Adults : 

Nutrition-Related Diseases Common in Older Adults 3. Alzheimer’s Use foods rather than vitamin supplements. Foods that may help prevent Alzheimer’s disease include Vitamin E Omega-3 fatty acids Unhydrogenated, unsaturated fats Source: Diet and Alzheimer’s: What the Research Shows. http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/466037_print

Nutrition-Related Diseases Common in Older Adults : 

Nutrition-Related Diseases Common in Older Adults 4. Osteoporosis Loss of bone density, resulting in fractures More common in women than men Diet and exercise can help treat osteoporosis but may not prevent it in older adults

Calcium Sources : 

Calcium Sources Milk Yogurt Cottage cheese Calcium-fortified juices and cereals Kale Broccoli Bok choy Fortified soy beverage Canned fish with bones

Promoting Bone Formation (all ages) : 

Promoting Bone Formation (all ages) Participate in weight bearing activities Avoid smoking Consume calcium-rich foods or supplements Consume adequate vitamin D

Calcium Requirements : 

Calcium Requirements AGE CALCIUM EQUIVALENT (mg/day) (dairy servings/day) 9-18 years 1,300 4 19-50 years 1,000 3 50+ years 1,200 4 Source: Institute of Medicine, National Academy of Sciences, Dietary Reference Intakes 1997

Eating Patterns Recommended for Older Adults : 

Eating Patterns Recommended for Older Adults For disease prevention and for management of chronic diseases, there are several similar dietary recommendations: Dietary Guidelines for Americans Food Guide Pyramid DASH Eating Pattern

Dietary Guidelines 2005 : 

Dietary Guidelines 2005 Adequate nutrients within calorie needs Weight management Physical activity Food groups to encourage Fats Carbohydrates Sodium and potassium Alcoholic beverages Food safety www. healthierus.gov

Adequate Nutrients Within Calorie Needs : 

Adequate Nutrients Within Calorie Needs Consume nutrient-dense foods and beverages within the basic food groups while choosing foods that limit saturated and trans fat, cholesterol, added sugars, salt, and alcohol. DASH healthy eating pattern Food Guide Pyramid

Weight Management : 

Weight Management To maintain weight in a healthy range, balance calories eaten with calories expended. To prevent gradual weight gain over time, make small decreases in food calories and increase physical activity

Physical Activity : 

Physical Activity Older adults should participate in regular physical activity to reduce functional declines associated with aging Engage in at least 30 minutes of moderate –intensity physical activity most days of the week More exercise is recommended for weight loss

Food Groups To Encourage : 

Food Groups To Encourage Sufficient fruits & vegetables while meeting energy needs. 2000 calories: 2 c. fruit, 2½ c. vegetables Choose a variety of fruits and vegetables. Eat 3 oz.equivalents of whole grains daily – at least half whole grains (rest enriched). 3 cups/day of fat-free or low-fat milk or equivalent

Fats : 

Fats < 10% of calories from saturated fats < 300 mg/day of cholesterol Total fat 20 to 35% with most fats from fish, nuts, and vegetable oils. Choose meat, poultry, and milk or milk products that are lean, low-fat, or fat-free. Limit fats and oils high in saturated and/or trans fatty acids. Use liquid oils over solid fats when possible

What are “Fats and Oils”? : 

Oils contain monounsaturated or polyunsaturated fats, and are usually low in saturated fats Oils are fats that are liquid at room temperature come from plants and fish What are “Fats and Oils”?

Slide 23: 

Mayonnaise, some salad dressings, and soft (tub or squeeze) margarine with no trans fats A number of foods are naturally high in oils: nuts olives some fish avocados Foods That Are Mainly Oil

Slide 24: 

Solid at room temperature Often come from animal foods May be are result of hydrogenation of vegetable oils, resulting in trans fats Solid Fats

Carbohydrates : 

Carbohydrates Fiber-rich fruits, vegetables, and whole grains. Choose less added sugars or caloric sweeteners, such as amounts suggested by the DASH plan and the Food Guide Pyramid. Consume fewer foods and beverages that contain sugar

Sodium and Potassium : 

Sodium and Potassium Consume < 2,300 mg (~1 tsp. salt) of sodium per day. Choose and prepare foods with little salt. Consume potassium-rich foods, such as fruits and vegetables.

Alcoholic Beverages : 

Alcoholic Beverages If you drink alcohol, do so in moderation – up to one drink per day for women and up to two drinks per day for men. Alcohol should be avoided by individuals engaging in activities that require attention, skill, or coordination.

DASH Eating Pattern : 

DASH Eating Pattern A diet pattern that meets the Dietary Guidelines for Americans High in fruit & vegetables Low in saturated fat Low in sodium High in potassium High in fiber

MyPyramid : 

MyPyramid Activity Proportionality Moderation Variety Personalization Gradual Improvement

Nutrition for Aging : 

Nutrition for Aging Follow the DASH eating pattern or the Food Guide Pyramid Enjoy whole grains, fruits and vegetable,s and low-fat dairy products daily in recommended portions Exercise at least 30 minutes most days of the week