logging in or signing up EnvQuiz2010_000 aqsa.iqbal Download Post to : URL : Related Presentations : Share Add to Flag Embed Email Send to Blogs and Networks Add to Channel Uploaded from authorPOINT lite Insert YouTube videos in PowerPont slides with aS Desktop Copy embed code: (To copy code, click on the text box) Embed: URL: Thumbnail: WordPress Embed Customize Embed The presentation is successfully added In Your Favorites. Views: 25 Category: Education License: Some Rights Reserved Like it (0) Dislike it (0) Added: April 11, 2010 This Presentation is Public Favorites: 0 Presentation Description No description available. Comments Posting comment... Premium member Presentation Transcript Environmental Quiz : Environmental Quiz Most recent update January 26, 2010 The population of the world in 1950 was 2.6 billion. The world population is currently about: : The population of the world in 1950 was 2.6 billion. The world population is currently about: 3.4 billion 6.8 billion 9.3 billion 11.5 billion The population of the world in 1950 was 2.6 billion. The world population is currently about: : The population of the world in 1950 was 2.6 billion. The world population is currently about: 3.4 billion 6.8 billion 9.3 billion 11.5 billion World Population 1850-2010 : World Population 1850-2010 Source: U.S. Census Bureau, International Programs Center, 2010. The population of the world is currently increasing at a rate of about 8,600 people per: : The population of the world is currently increasing at a rate of about 8,600 people per: month week day hour The population of the world is currently increasing at a rate of about 8,600 people per: : The population of the world is currently increasing at a rate of about 8,600 people per: month week day hour Rate of Population Increase - 2010 : Rate of Population Increase - 2010 Time Unit Population Increase Year 75,395,378 Month 6,282,948 Week 1,445,941 Day 206,563 Hour 8,607 Minute 143 Second 2.4 Source: U.S. Census Bureau, International Division, 2010. The estimated world population in the year 2050 is about: : The estimated world population in the year 2050 is about: 3.4 billion 6.2 billion 9.3 billion 11.5 billion The estimated world population in the year 2050 is about: : The estimated world population in the year 2050 is about: 3.4 billion 6.2 billion 9.3 billion 11.5 billion World Population 1850-2050(Medium Projection of Growth Assumed After 2000) : World Population 1850-2050(Medium Projection of Growth Assumed After 2000) Source: U.S. Census Bureau, International Programs Center, 2010. The population of the United States in 1960 was 181 million. The U.S. population is currently about: : The population of the United States in 1960 was 181 million. The U.S. population is currently about: 187 million 220 million 308 million 459 million The population of the United States in 1960 was 181 million. The U.S. population is currently about: : The population of the United States in 1960 was 181 million. The U.S. population is currently about: 187 million 220 million 308 million 459 million True (T) or False (F):United States population growth is near zero, with the population expected to stabilize by about 2025. : True (T) or False (F):United States population growth is near zero, with the population expected to stabilize by about 2025. True (T) or False (F):United States population growth is near zero, with the population expected to stabilize by about 2025. : True (T) or False (F):United States population growth is near zero, with the population expected to stabilize by about 2025. Growth of U.S. Population, 1776- 2100 : Growth of U.S. Population, 1776- 2100 History Projection Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Population Division (2010) True (T) or False (F). Assuming a growth rate of 5% annually, the population of the United States would surpass the current population of China by 2040. : True (T) or False (F). Assuming a growth rate of 5% annually, the population of the United States would surpass the current population of China by 2040. True (T) or False (F). Assuming a growth rate of 5% annually, the population of the United States would surpass the current population of China by 2040. : True (T) or False (F). Assuming a growth rate of 5% annually, the population of the United States would surpass the current population of China by 2040. At a 5% annual growth rate the U.S. population would quadruple in only 28 years, bringing the number of U.S. residents to over 1.2 billion. If the U.S. population were to continue its current rate of growth for the next 700 years, the population would increase to over 315 billion! (The current world population is 6.8 billion). : If the U.S. population were to continue its current rate of growth for the next 700 years, the population would increase to over 315 billion! (The current world population is 6.8 billion). True (T) or False (F):The United States is a net exporter of most raw materials used by industry today. : True (T) or False (F):The United States is a net exporter of most raw materials used by industry today. True (T) or False (F):The United States is a net exporter of most raw materials used by industry today. : True (T) or False (F):The United States is a net exporter of most raw materials used by industry today. : Due in part to domestic environmental concerns, the U.S. is a net importer of most categories of raw materials used to support our economy and lifestyle. Most metals Portland and masonry cement Petroleum (the basis for plastics) Wood and wood products Net U.S. Imports of Selected Materials as a Percent of Apparent Consumption - 2008, and by Major Foreign Sources : Net U.S. Imports of Selected Materials as a Percent of Apparent Consumption - 2008, and by Major Foreign Sources Material % Imported Principal Foreign Sources (2004-07) Niobium 100 Brazil, Canada, Estonia Manganese 100 S. Africa, Gabon, China, Australia Graphite 100 China, Mexico, Canada, Brazil Strontium 100 Mexico, Germany Bauxite/Alumina 100 Jamaica, Guinea, Brazil, Australia Fluorspar 100 China, Mexico, S. Africa, Mongolia Yttrium 100 China, Japan, France Thallium 100 Russia, Netherlands, Belgium Rubidium 100 Canada Asbestos 100 Canada Quartz (crystal) 100 China, Japan, Russia Thorium 100 UK, France Tantalum 100 Australia, China, Brazil, Japan Net U.S. Imports of Selected Materials as a Percent of Apparent Consumption - 2008, and by Major Foreign Sources : Net U.S. Imports of Selected Materials as a Percent of Apparent Consumption - 2008, and by Major Foreign Sources Material % Imported Principal Foreign Sources (2004-07) Arsenic (trioxide) 100 China, Morocco, Hong Kong, Mexico Indium 100 China, Japan, Canada, Belgium Rare earth metals 100 China, France, Japan, Russia Cesium 100 Canada Vanadium 100 Czech Rep., Swaziland, Canada, S. Korea Gallium 99 China, Ukraine, Germany, Canada Gemstones 99 Israel, India, Belgium, S. Africa Bismuth 97 Belgium, Mexico, UK, China Diamond (industrial) 92 Botwsana, S. Africa, Nambia, Ireland Platinum Group 91 S. Africa, Germany, UK, Canada Stone (dimension) 89 Italy, Brazil, Turkey, China Rhenium 87 Chile, Germany, Netherlands Antimony 86 China, Mexico, Belgium Net U.S. Imports of Selected Materials as a Percent of Apparent Consumption - 2008, and by Major Foreign Sources : Net U.S. Imports of Selected Materials as a Percent of Apparent Consumption - 2008, and by Major Foreign Sources Material % Imported Principal Foreign Sources (2004-07) Mica (natural) 86 China, India, Belgium, Brazil Germanium 85 Belgium, Canada, Germany, China Cobalt 81 Norway, Russia, China, Canada Potash 81 Canada, Belarus, Russia, Germany Tin 80 Peru, Bolivia, China, Indonesia Barium (Barite) 79 China, India Titanium concentrates 77 S. Africa, Australia, Canada, Ukraine Iodine 74 Chile, Japan, Russia Zinc 73 Canada, Peru, Mexico, Ireland Palladium 72 Russia, S. Africa, UK, Belgium Tungsten 61 China, Germany, Canada, Bolivia Silver 60 Mexico, Canada, Peru, Chile Peat 58 Canada Net U.S. Imports of Selected Materials as a Percent of Apparent Consumption - 2008, and by Major Foreign Sources : Net U.S. Imports of Selected Materials as a Percent of Apparent Consumption - 2008, and by Major Foreign Sources Material % Imported Principal Foreign Sources (2004-07) Petroleum 57 Canada, Saudi Arabia, Venezuela, Nigeria, Mexico Diamond (indust) 56 China, Ireland, Russia, S. Korea Silicon 60 China, Russia, Venezuela, Canada Chromium 54 S. Africa, Kazakhstan, Russia, Zimbabwe Titanium (sponge) 54 Kazakhstan, Japan, Russia Magnesium Cpds 52 China, Canada, Austria, Australia Lithium >50 Chile, Argentina Magnesium Metal 50 Canada, Russia, Israel, China Nitrogen (fixed) 48 Trinidad and Tobago, Canada, Russia Garnet (industrial) 40 Australia, India, China, Canada Vermiculite 35 S. Africa, China Nickel 33 Canada, Russia, Norway, Australia Copper 32 Chile, Canada, Peru, Mexico Net U.S. Imports of Selected Materials as a Percent of Apparent Consumption - 2008, and by Major Foreign Sources : Net U.S. Imports of Selected Materials as a Percent of Apparent Consumption - 2008, and by Major Foreign Sources Material % Imported Principal Foreign Sources (2004-07) Lumber (softwood) 29 Canada, Germany, Chile, Brazil, New Zealand Sulfur 26 Canada, Mexico, Venezuela Gypsum 27 Canada, Mexico, Spain, Dominican Rep Perlite 19 Greece Salt 17 Canada, Chile, The Bahamas, Mexico Mica (scrap/flake) 16 Canada, China, India, Finland Cement (Portland/msry) 12 Canada, China, Thailand, S. Korea Phosphate rock 9 Morocco Iron and steel 8 Canada, EU, Mexico, Brazil Pumice 6 Greece, Italy, Turkey, Mexico Lime 1 Canada, Mexico Stone (crushed) 1 Canada, Mexico, The Bahamas Also significant import dependency for Leather, Natural Rubber, Wool. True (T) or False (F):The raw material that is used in the greatest quantity in the U.S. today, and which accounts for almost one-third (by weight) of the total raw materials used annually is steel. : True (T) or False (F):The raw material that is used in the greatest quantity in the U.S. today, and which accounts for almost one-third (by weight) of the total raw materials used annually is steel. True (T) or False (F):The raw material that is used in the greatest quantity in the U.S. today, and which accounts for almost one-third (by weight) of the total raw materials used annually is steel. : True (T) or False (F):The raw material that is used in the greatest quantity in the U.S. today, and which accounts for almost one-third (by weight) of the total raw materials used annually is steel. Annual U.S. Consumption of Various Raw Materials, 2007 : Annual U.S. Consumption of Various Raw Materials, 2007 Million Metric tons Million m3 Roundwood 210 473 Industrial roundwood* 188 427 Cement 115 104 Steel 110 139 Plastics 45.7 40.3 Aluminum 5.3 1.9 Source: Data for wood from USFS (2008); for cement, steel, and aluminum from the U.S. Geological Survey (2008); and for plastics from the American Plastics Council (2008). * Roundwood is the volume of all wood harvested. Industrial roundwood is the volume of wood used in making forest products; the difference is firewood. In fact, more wood is used in the U.S. every year than all metals and all plastics combined! : In fact, more wood is used in the U.S. every year than all metals and all plastics combined! True (T) or False (F):Consumption of mineral resources globally has increased sharply over the past 30years. : True (T) or False (F):Consumption of mineral resources globally has increased sharply over the past 30years. True (T) or False (F):Consumption of mineral resources globally has increased sharply over the past 30years. : True (T) or False (F):Consumption of mineral resources globally has increased sharply over the past 30years. True (T) or False (F):Energy consumption per capita (per person) in the United States is twice that of the European Union. : True (T) or False (F):Energy consumption per capita (per person) in the United States is twice that of the European Union. True (T) or False (F):Energy consumption per capita (per person) in the United States is twice that of the European Union. : True (T) or False (F):Energy consumption per capita (per person) in the United States is twice that of the European Union. Per Capita Energy Consumption in the U.S. and the E.U. Countries, 2008 : Per Capita Energy Consumption in the U.S. and the E.U. Countries, 2008 The number one cause of tropical deforestation worldwide is: : The number one cause of tropical deforestation worldwide is: commercial logging. wildfire. clearing of lands for agricultural use. gathering of firewood. building of roads and cities. The number one cause of tropical deforestation worldwide is: : The number one cause of tropical deforestation worldwide is: commercial logging. wildfire. clearing of lands for agricultural use. gathering of firewood. building of roads and cities. Various estimates indicate that 60 to 85% of tropical deforestation today is due to permanent and shifting agriculture. The area covered by forests in the U.S. today is approximately ____ of the forested area that existed in 1600. : The area covered by forests in the U.S. today is approximately ____ of the forested area that existed in 1600. 72 percent 50 percent 33 percent 17 percent The area covered by forests in the U.S. today is approximately ____ of the forested area that existed in 1600. : The area covered by forests in the U.S. today is approximately ____ of the forested area that existed in 1600. 72 percent 50 percent 33 percent 17 percent Forests now cover 72% of the land area in the U.S. that they did at the time of European settlement : Forests now cover 72% of the land area in the U.S. that they did at the time of European settlement 1600 2007 Forest - 1,100 million acres Forest - 751 million acres Source: USDA - Forest Service True (T) or False (F). The geographic area that encompasses the United States today has about the same forest coverage as the same geographic area did in 1907. : True (T) or False (F). The geographic area that encompasses the United States today has about the same forest coverage as the same geographic area did in 1907. True (T) or False (F). The geographic area that encompasses the United States today has about the same forest coverage as the same geographic area did in 1907. : True (T) or False (F). The geographic area that encompasses the United States today has about the same forest coverage as the same geographic area did in 1907. Forest Area in the United States 1630-2007 : Forest Area in the United States 1630-2007 Thousand Acres Source: USDA-Forest Service, General Technical Report WO-78. (2009). True (T) or False (F). Growing trees capture carbon dioxide from the air and release oxygen. : True (T) or False (F). Growing trees capture carbon dioxide from the air and release oxygen. True (T) or False (F). Growing trees capture carbon dioxide from the air and release oxygen. : True (T) or False (F). Growing trees capture carbon dioxide from the air and release oxygen. CO2 O2 Carbon Which of the following statements most accurately describes U.S. forests: : Which of the following statements most accurately describes U.S. forests: Forest harvest exceeds growth by 20 percent. Forest harvest exceeds growth by 5 percent. Forest harvest roughly equals growth. Forest growth exceeds harvest by 29 percent. Forest growth exceeds harvest by 72 percent. Which of the following statements most accurately describes U.S. forests: : Which of the following statements most accurately describes U.S. forests: Forest harvest exceeds growth by 20 percent. Forest harvest exceeds growth by 5 percent. Forest harvest roughly equals growth. Forest growth exceeds harvest by 29 percent. Forest growth exceeds harvest by 72 percent. Net Growth/Removals Ratios – U.S., 1952-2006 : Net Growth/Removals Ratios – U.S., 1952-2006 Source: Smith, et al., 2004; USDA-Forest Service, General Technical Report WO-78. (2009). When net forest growth divided by removals = 1.0, timber inventories are neither expanding or declining. Growth/Removals Ratios – U.S., 1952-2006 : Growth/Removals Ratios – U.S., 1952-2006 Source: Smith, et al., 2004; USDA-Forest Service, General Technical Report WO-78. (2009). True (T) or False (F):As originally established, it was never intended that the National Forests of the U.S. would be periodically harvested to obtain timber that would be used in meeting the nation’s need for wood. : True (T) or False (F):As originally established, it was never intended that the National Forests of the U.S. would be periodically harvested to obtain timber that would be used in meeting the nation’s need for wood. True (T) or False (F):As originally established, it was never intended that the National Forests of the U.S. would be periodically harvested to obtain timber that would be used in meeting the nation’s need for wood. : True (T) or False (F):As originally established, it was never intended that the National Forests of the U.S. would be periodically harvested to obtain timber that would be used in meeting the nation’s need for wood. True (T) or False (F). At current rates of deforestation, forty (40) percent of current forests in the U.S. will be lost by the middle of this century. : True (T) or False (F). At current rates of deforestation, forty (40) percent of current forests in the U.S. will be lost by the middle of this century. True (T) or False (F). At current rates of deforestation, forty (40) percent of current forests in the U.S. will be lost by the middle of this century. : True (T) or False (F). At current rates of deforestation, forty (40) percent of current forests in the U.S. will be lost by the middle of this century. In fact, the area covered by forests in the U.S. is increasing. True (T) or False (F):In the U.S. and globally, more species of plants and animals have been driven to extinction by logging activity than any other activity of mankind. : True (T) or False (F):In the U.S. and globally, more species of plants and animals have been driven to extinction by logging activity than any other activity of mankind. True (T) or False (F):In the U.S. and globally, more species of plants and animals have been driven to extinction by logging activity than any other activity of mankind. : True (T) or False (F):In the U.S. and globally, more species of plants and animals have been driven to extinction by logging activity than any other activity of mankind. There is no evidence that even one plant or animal species has been driven to extinction as a result of logging activity in the United States. : There is no evidence that even one plant or animal species has been driven to extinction as a result of logging activity in the United States. True (T) or False (F). Under current United States law, forest harvesting is allowed in federally designated wilderness areas. : True (T) or False (F). Under current United States law, forest harvesting is allowed in federally designated wilderness areas. True (T) or False (F). Under current United States law, forest harvesting is allowed in federally designated wilderness areas. : True (T) or False (F). Under current United States law, forest harvesting is allowed in federally designated wilderness areas. No harvesting is allowed in wilderness areas True (T) or False (F). Populations of elk, pronghorn antelope, and wild turkey have declined significantly in the U.S. over the past 60 years. : True (T) or False (F). Populations of elk, pronghorn antelope, and wild turkey have declined significantly in the U.S. over the past 60 years. True (T) or False (F). Populations of elk, pronghorn antelope, and wild turkey have declined significantly in the U.S. over the past 60 years. : True (T) or False (F). Populations of elk, pronghorn antelope, and wild turkey have declined significantly in the U.S. over the past 60 years. In fact, populations of each of these species within the U.S. have increased by at least 800 to 1,000 percent over the past 50 years. True (T) or False (F):Considering the total annual harvest of forests in the United States and the total consumption of wood and fiber products within our country, the U.S. is a net importer of wood and wood products. : True (T) or False (F):Considering the total annual harvest of forests in the United States and the total consumption of wood and fiber products within our country, the U.S. is a net importer of wood and wood products. True (T) or False (F):Considering the total annual harvest of forests in the United States and the total consumption of wood and fiber products within our country, the U.S. is a net importer of wood and wood products. : True (T) or False (F):Considering the total annual harvest of forests in the United States and the total consumption of wood and fiber products within our country, the U.S. is a net importer of wood and wood products. The United States is a Net Importer of Wood and Wood Products : The United States is a Net Importer of Wood and Wood Products Net U.S. imports of wood and wood products amounted to 15-20 percent of total wood consumption and 29 percent of construction lumber consumed in 2008. When waste paper exports are included in the net import calculation, the U.S. net import figure for wood and wood products drops to 2-3 percent. : When waste paper exports are included in the net import calculation, the U.S. net import figure for wood and wood products drops to 2-3 percent. As a percentage of all the paper used in the United States in 2008 _____ was recovered for reuse. : As a percentage of all the paper used in the United States in 2008 _____ was recovered for reuse. 14 percent 36 percent 57 percent 92 percent As a percentage of all the paper used in the United States in 2008 _____ was recovered for reuse. : As a percentage of all the paper used in the United States in 2008 _____ was recovered for reuse. 14 percent 36 percent 57 percent 92 percent Recovered paper provided _____ of the U.S. paper industry’s fiber in 2008. : Recovered paper provided _____ of the U.S. paper industry’s fiber in 2008. 12 percent 34 percent 51 percent 86 percent Recovered paper provided _____ of the U.S. paper industry’s fiber in 2008. : Recovered paper provided _____ of the U.S. paper industry’s fiber in 2008. 12 percent 34 percent 51 percent 86 percent True (T) or False (F). More extensive recycling of paper could reduce harvesting of forests in the U.S. by 60 percent or more. : True (T) or False (F). More extensive recycling of paper could reduce harvesting of forests in the U.S. by 60 percent or more. True (T) or False (F). More extensive recycling of paper could reduce harvesting of forests in the U.S. by 60 percent or more. : True (T) or False (F). More extensive recycling of paper could reduce harvesting of forests in the U.S. by 60 percent or more. Were paper recycling in the U.S. to go to the limit of technology worldwide the domestic timber harvest could be reduced by about 12-13%. : Were paper recycling in the U.S. to go to the limit of technology worldwide the domestic timber harvest could be reduced by about 12-13%. True (T) or False (F). The manufacture of wood construction materials generally results in far lower environmental impacts than when similar construction materials are manufactured from steel, aluminum, plastic, or concrete. : True (T) or False (F). The manufacture of wood construction materials generally results in far lower environmental impacts than when similar construction materials are manufactured from steel, aluminum, plastic, or concrete. True (T) or False (F). The manufacture of wood construction materials generally results in far lower environmental impacts than when similar construction materials are manufactured from steel, aluminum, plastic, or concrete. : True (T) or False (F). The manufacture of wood construction materials generally results in far lower environmental impacts than when similar construction materials are manufactured from steel, aluminum, plastic, or concrete. Slide 75: At a time when Society is seeking to more effectively harness solar energy, it turns out that one of our major raw materials – wood – is totally produced using solar energy. Slide 76: And, very little additional energy is required to convert wood into useful products. The manufacture and use of all construction materials results in environmental impacts. The impacts, however, differ considerably. : The manufacture and use of all construction materials results in environmental impacts. The impacts, however, differ considerably. Slide 78: If, for example, an interior wall of a house is constructed using steel rather than wood studs, the result is a large increase in energy consumption and emissions to air and water. Interior Non-Load Bearing Wall, Wood vs. Steel : Interior Non-Load Bearing Wall, Wood vs. Steel Comparative Energy Use (GJ) Wood Steel* Difference 3.8 11.5 3.0X * 30% recycled content. Source: Athena Sustainable Materials Institute, 1993. Comparative Emissions in Manufacturing Wood vs. Steel-Framed Interior Wall : Comparative Emissions in Manufacturing Wood vs. Steel-Framed Interior Wall Emission/Effluent Wood Wall Steel Wall Difference CO2 (kg) ,305 965 3.2X CO (g) 2,450 11,800 4.8X SOX (g) 400 3,700 9.3X NOX (g) 1,150 1,800 1.6X Particulates (g) 100 335 3.4X VOCs (g) 390 1,800 4.6X Methane (g) , 4 , 45 11.1X Source: Athena Sustainable Materials Institute, 1993. Comparative Effluents in Manufacturing Wood vs. Steel-Framed Interior Wall : Comparative Effluents in Manufacturing Wood vs. Steel-Framed Interior Wall Emission/Effluent Wood Wall Steel Wall Difference Suspended solids (g) 12,180 495,640 41X Non-ferrous metals (mg) 62 2,532 41X Cyanide (mg) 99 4,051 41X Phenols (mg) 17,715 725,994 41X Ammonia (mg) 1,310 53,665 41X Halogenated organics (mg) 507 20,758 41X Oil and grease (mg) 1,421 58,222 41X Sulphides (mg) 13 507 39X Source: Athena Sustainable Materials Institute, 1993. 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EnvQuiz2010_000 aqsa.iqbal Download Post to : URL : Related Presentations : Share Add to Flag Embed Email Send to Blogs and Networks Add to Channel Uploaded from authorPOINT lite Insert YouTube videos in PowerPont slides with aS Desktop Copy embed code: (To copy code, click on the text box) Embed: URL: Thumbnail: WordPress Embed Customize Embed The presentation is successfully added In Your Favorites. Views: 25 Category: Education License: Some Rights Reserved Like it (0) Dislike it (0) Added: April 11, 2010 This Presentation is Public Favorites: 0 Presentation Description No description available. Comments Posting comment... Premium member Presentation Transcript Environmental Quiz : Environmental Quiz Most recent update January 26, 2010 The population of the world in 1950 was 2.6 billion. The world population is currently about: : The population of the world in 1950 was 2.6 billion. The world population is currently about: 3.4 billion 6.8 billion 9.3 billion 11.5 billion The population of the world in 1950 was 2.6 billion. The world population is currently about: : The population of the world in 1950 was 2.6 billion. The world population is currently about: 3.4 billion 6.8 billion 9.3 billion 11.5 billion World Population 1850-2010 : World Population 1850-2010 Source: U.S. Census Bureau, International Programs Center, 2010. The population of the world is currently increasing at a rate of about 8,600 people per: : The population of the world is currently increasing at a rate of about 8,600 people per: month week day hour The population of the world is currently increasing at a rate of about 8,600 people per: : The population of the world is currently increasing at a rate of about 8,600 people per: month week day hour Rate of Population Increase - 2010 : Rate of Population Increase - 2010 Time Unit Population Increase Year 75,395,378 Month 6,282,948 Week 1,445,941 Day 206,563 Hour 8,607 Minute 143 Second 2.4 Source: U.S. Census Bureau, International Division, 2010. The estimated world population in the year 2050 is about: : The estimated world population in the year 2050 is about: 3.4 billion 6.2 billion 9.3 billion 11.5 billion The estimated world population in the year 2050 is about: : The estimated world population in the year 2050 is about: 3.4 billion 6.2 billion 9.3 billion 11.5 billion World Population 1850-2050(Medium Projection of Growth Assumed After 2000) : World Population 1850-2050(Medium Projection of Growth Assumed After 2000) Source: U.S. Census Bureau, International Programs Center, 2010. The population of the United States in 1960 was 181 million. The U.S. population is currently about: : The population of the United States in 1960 was 181 million. The U.S. population is currently about: 187 million 220 million 308 million 459 million The population of the United States in 1960 was 181 million. The U.S. population is currently about: : The population of the United States in 1960 was 181 million. The U.S. population is currently about: 187 million 220 million 308 million 459 million True (T) or False (F):United States population growth is near zero, with the population expected to stabilize by about 2025. : True (T) or False (F):United States population growth is near zero, with the population expected to stabilize by about 2025. True (T) or False (F):United States population growth is near zero, with the population expected to stabilize by about 2025. : True (T) or False (F):United States population growth is near zero, with the population expected to stabilize by about 2025. Growth of U.S. Population, 1776- 2100 : Growth of U.S. Population, 1776- 2100 History Projection Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Population Division (2010) True (T) or False (F). Assuming a growth rate of 5% annually, the population of the United States would surpass the current population of China by 2040. : True (T) or False (F). Assuming a growth rate of 5% annually, the population of the United States would surpass the current population of China by 2040. True (T) or False (F). Assuming a growth rate of 5% annually, the population of the United States would surpass the current population of China by 2040. : True (T) or False (F). Assuming a growth rate of 5% annually, the population of the United States would surpass the current population of China by 2040. At a 5% annual growth rate the U.S. population would quadruple in only 28 years, bringing the number of U.S. residents to over 1.2 billion. If the U.S. population were to continue its current rate of growth for the next 700 years, the population would increase to over 315 billion! (The current world population is 6.8 billion). : If the U.S. population were to continue its current rate of growth for the next 700 years, the population would increase to over 315 billion! (The current world population is 6.8 billion). True (T) or False (F):The United States is a net exporter of most raw materials used by industry today. : True (T) or False (F):The United States is a net exporter of most raw materials used by industry today. True (T) or False (F):The United States is a net exporter of most raw materials used by industry today. : True (T) or False (F):The United States is a net exporter of most raw materials used by industry today. : Due in part to domestic environmental concerns, the U.S. is a net importer of most categories of raw materials used to support our economy and lifestyle. Most metals Portland and masonry cement Petroleum (the basis for plastics) Wood and wood products Net U.S. Imports of Selected Materials as a Percent of Apparent Consumption - 2008, and by Major Foreign Sources : Net U.S. Imports of Selected Materials as a Percent of Apparent Consumption - 2008, and by Major Foreign Sources Material % Imported Principal Foreign Sources (2004-07) Niobium 100 Brazil, Canada, Estonia Manganese 100 S. Africa, Gabon, China, Australia Graphite 100 China, Mexico, Canada, Brazil Strontium 100 Mexico, Germany Bauxite/Alumina 100 Jamaica, Guinea, Brazil, Australia Fluorspar 100 China, Mexico, S. Africa, Mongolia Yttrium 100 China, Japan, France Thallium 100 Russia, Netherlands, Belgium Rubidium 100 Canada Asbestos 100 Canada Quartz (crystal) 100 China, Japan, Russia Thorium 100 UK, France Tantalum 100 Australia, China, Brazil, Japan Net U.S. Imports of Selected Materials as a Percent of Apparent Consumption - 2008, and by Major Foreign Sources : Net U.S. Imports of Selected Materials as a Percent of Apparent Consumption - 2008, and by Major Foreign Sources Material % Imported Principal Foreign Sources (2004-07) Arsenic (trioxide) 100 China, Morocco, Hong Kong, Mexico Indium 100 China, Japan, Canada, Belgium Rare earth metals 100 China, France, Japan, Russia Cesium 100 Canada Vanadium 100 Czech Rep., Swaziland, Canada, S. Korea Gallium 99 China, Ukraine, Germany, Canada Gemstones 99 Israel, India, Belgium, S. Africa Bismuth 97 Belgium, Mexico, UK, China Diamond (industrial) 92 Botwsana, S. Africa, Nambia, Ireland Platinum Group 91 S. Africa, Germany, UK, Canada Stone (dimension) 89 Italy, Brazil, Turkey, China Rhenium 87 Chile, Germany, Netherlands Antimony 86 China, Mexico, Belgium Net U.S. Imports of Selected Materials as a Percent of Apparent Consumption - 2008, and by Major Foreign Sources : Net U.S. Imports of Selected Materials as a Percent of Apparent Consumption - 2008, and by Major Foreign Sources Material % Imported Principal Foreign Sources (2004-07) Mica (natural) 86 China, India, Belgium, Brazil Germanium 85 Belgium, Canada, Germany, China Cobalt 81 Norway, Russia, China, Canada Potash 81 Canada, Belarus, Russia, Germany Tin 80 Peru, Bolivia, China, Indonesia Barium (Barite) 79 China, India Titanium concentrates 77 S. Africa, Australia, Canada, Ukraine Iodine 74 Chile, Japan, Russia Zinc 73 Canada, Peru, Mexico, Ireland Palladium 72 Russia, S. Africa, UK, Belgium Tungsten 61 China, Germany, Canada, Bolivia Silver 60 Mexico, Canada, Peru, Chile Peat 58 Canada Net U.S. Imports of Selected Materials as a Percent of Apparent Consumption - 2008, and by Major Foreign Sources : Net U.S. Imports of Selected Materials as a Percent of Apparent Consumption - 2008, and by Major Foreign Sources Material % Imported Principal Foreign Sources (2004-07) Petroleum 57 Canada, Saudi Arabia, Venezuela, Nigeria, Mexico Diamond (indust) 56 China, Ireland, Russia, S. Korea Silicon 60 China, Russia, Venezuela, Canada Chromium 54 S. Africa, Kazakhstan, Russia, Zimbabwe Titanium (sponge) 54 Kazakhstan, Japan, Russia Magnesium Cpds 52 China, Canada, Austria, Australia Lithium >50 Chile, Argentina Magnesium Metal 50 Canada, Russia, Israel, China Nitrogen (fixed) 48 Trinidad and Tobago, Canada, Russia Garnet (industrial) 40 Australia, India, China, Canada Vermiculite 35 S. Africa, China Nickel 33 Canada, Russia, Norway, Australia Copper 32 Chile, Canada, Peru, Mexico Net U.S. Imports of Selected Materials as a Percent of Apparent Consumption - 2008, and by Major Foreign Sources : Net U.S. Imports of Selected Materials as a Percent of Apparent Consumption - 2008, and by Major Foreign Sources Material % Imported Principal Foreign Sources (2004-07) Lumber (softwood) 29 Canada, Germany, Chile, Brazil, New Zealand Sulfur 26 Canada, Mexico, Venezuela Gypsum 27 Canada, Mexico, Spain, Dominican Rep Perlite 19 Greece Salt 17 Canada, Chile, The Bahamas, Mexico Mica (scrap/flake) 16 Canada, China, India, Finland Cement (Portland/msry) 12 Canada, China, Thailand, S. Korea Phosphate rock 9 Morocco Iron and steel 8 Canada, EU, Mexico, Brazil Pumice 6 Greece, Italy, Turkey, Mexico Lime 1 Canada, Mexico Stone (crushed) 1 Canada, Mexico, The Bahamas Also significant import dependency for Leather, Natural Rubber, Wool. True (T) or False (F):The raw material that is used in the greatest quantity in the U.S. today, and which accounts for almost one-third (by weight) of the total raw materials used annually is steel. : True (T) or False (F):The raw material that is used in the greatest quantity in the U.S. today, and which accounts for almost one-third (by weight) of the total raw materials used annually is steel. True (T) or False (F):The raw material that is used in the greatest quantity in the U.S. today, and which accounts for almost one-third (by weight) of the total raw materials used annually is steel. : True (T) or False (F):The raw material that is used in the greatest quantity in the U.S. today, and which accounts for almost one-third (by weight) of the total raw materials used annually is steel. Annual U.S. Consumption of Various Raw Materials, 2007 : Annual U.S. Consumption of Various Raw Materials, 2007 Million Metric tons Million m3 Roundwood 210 473 Industrial roundwood* 188 427 Cement 115 104 Steel 110 139 Plastics 45.7 40.3 Aluminum 5.3 1.9 Source: Data for wood from USFS (2008); for cement, steel, and aluminum from the U.S. Geological Survey (2008); and for plastics from the American Plastics Council (2008). * Roundwood is the volume of all wood harvested. Industrial roundwood is the volume of wood used in making forest products; the difference is firewood. In fact, more wood is used in the U.S. every year than all metals and all plastics combined! : In fact, more wood is used in the U.S. every year than all metals and all plastics combined! True (T) or False (F):Consumption of mineral resources globally has increased sharply over the past 30years. : True (T) or False (F):Consumption of mineral resources globally has increased sharply over the past 30years. True (T) or False (F):Consumption of mineral resources globally has increased sharply over the past 30years. : True (T) or False (F):Consumption of mineral resources globally has increased sharply over the past 30years. True (T) or False (F):Energy consumption per capita (per person) in the United States is twice that of the European Union. : True (T) or False (F):Energy consumption per capita (per person) in the United States is twice that of the European Union. True (T) or False (F):Energy consumption per capita (per person) in the United States is twice that of the European Union. : True (T) or False (F):Energy consumption per capita (per person) in the United States is twice that of the European Union. Per Capita Energy Consumption in the U.S. and the E.U. Countries, 2008 : Per Capita Energy Consumption in the U.S. and the E.U. Countries, 2008 The number one cause of tropical deforestation worldwide is: : The number one cause of tropical deforestation worldwide is: commercial logging. wildfire. clearing of lands for agricultural use. gathering of firewood. building of roads and cities. The number one cause of tropical deforestation worldwide is: : The number one cause of tropical deforestation worldwide is: commercial logging. wildfire. clearing of lands for agricultural use. gathering of firewood. building of roads and cities. Various estimates indicate that 60 to 85% of tropical deforestation today is due to permanent and shifting agriculture. The area covered by forests in the U.S. today is approximately ____ of the forested area that existed in 1600. : The area covered by forests in the U.S. today is approximately ____ of the forested area that existed in 1600. 72 percent 50 percent 33 percent 17 percent The area covered by forests in the U.S. today is approximately ____ of the forested area that existed in 1600. : The area covered by forests in the U.S. today is approximately ____ of the forested area that existed in 1600. 72 percent 50 percent 33 percent 17 percent Forests now cover 72% of the land area in the U.S. that they did at the time of European settlement : Forests now cover 72% of the land area in the U.S. that they did at the time of European settlement 1600 2007 Forest - 1,100 million acres Forest - 751 million acres Source: USDA - Forest Service True (T) or False (F). The geographic area that encompasses the United States today has about the same forest coverage as the same geographic area did in 1907. : True (T) or False (F). The geographic area that encompasses the United States today has about the same forest coverage as the same geographic area did in 1907. True (T) or False (F). The geographic area that encompasses the United States today has about the same forest coverage as the same geographic area did in 1907. : True (T) or False (F). The geographic area that encompasses the United States today has about the same forest coverage as the same geographic area did in 1907. Forest Area in the United States 1630-2007 : Forest Area in the United States 1630-2007 Thousand Acres Source: USDA-Forest Service, General Technical Report WO-78. (2009). True (T) or False (F). Growing trees capture carbon dioxide from the air and release oxygen. : True (T) or False (F). Growing trees capture carbon dioxide from the air and release oxygen. True (T) or False (F). Growing trees capture carbon dioxide from the air and release oxygen. : True (T) or False (F). Growing trees capture carbon dioxide from the air and release oxygen. CO2 O2 Carbon Which of the following statements most accurately describes U.S. forests: : Which of the following statements most accurately describes U.S. forests: Forest harvest exceeds growth by 20 percent. Forest harvest exceeds growth by 5 percent. Forest harvest roughly equals growth. Forest growth exceeds harvest by 29 percent. Forest growth exceeds harvest by 72 percent. Which of the following statements most accurately describes U.S. forests: : Which of the following statements most accurately describes U.S. forests: Forest harvest exceeds growth by 20 percent. Forest harvest exceeds growth by 5 percent. Forest harvest roughly equals growth. Forest growth exceeds harvest by 29 percent. Forest growth exceeds harvest by 72 percent. Net Growth/Removals Ratios – U.S., 1952-2006 : Net Growth/Removals Ratios – U.S., 1952-2006 Source: Smith, et al., 2004; USDA-Forest Service, General Technical Report WO-78. (2009). When net forest growth divided by removals = 1.0, timber inventories are neither expanding or declining. Growth/Removals Ratios – U.S., 1952-2006 : Growth/Removals Ratios – U.S., 1952-2006 Source: Smith, et al., 2004; USDA-Forest Service, General Technical Report WO-78. (2009). True (T) or False (F):As originally established, it was never intended that the National Forests of the U.S. would be periodically harvested to obtain timber that would be used in meeting the nation’s need for wood. : True (T) or False (F):As originally established, it was never intended that the National Forests of the U.S. would be periodically harvested to obtain timber that would be used in meeting the nation’s need for wood. True (T) or False (F):As originally established, it was never intended that the National Forests of the U.S. would be periodically harvested to obtain timber that would be used in meeting the nation’s need for wood. : True (T) or False (F):As originally established, it was never intended that the National Forests of the U.S. would be periodically harvested to obtain timber that would be used in meeting the nation’s need for wood. True (T) or False (F). At current rates of deforestation, forty (40) percent of current forests in the U.S. will be lost by the middle of this century. : True (T) or False (F). At current rates of deforestation, forty (40) percent of current forests in the U.S. will be lost by the middle of this century. True (T) or False (F). At current rates of deforestation, forty (40) percent of current forests in the U.S. will be lost by the middle of this century. : True (T) or False (F). At current rates of deforestation, forty (40) percent of current forests in the U.S. will be lost by the middle of this century. In fact, the area covered by forests in the U.S. is increasing. True (T) or False (F):In the U.S. and globally, more species of plants and animals have been driven to extinction by logging activity than any other activity of mankind. : True (T) or False (F):In the U.S. and globally, more species of plants and animals have been driven to extinction by logging activity than any other activity of mankind. True (T) or False (F):In the U.S. and globally, more species of plants and animals have been driven to extinction by logging activity than any other activity of mankind. : True (T) or False (F):In the U.S. and globally, more species of plants and animals have been driven to extinction by logging activity than any other activity of mankind. There is no evidence that even one plant or animal species has been driven to extinction as a result of logging activity in the United States. : There is no evidence that even one plant or animal species has been driven to extinction as a result of logging activity in the United States. True (T) or False (F). Under current United States law, forest harvesting is allowed in federally designated wilderness areas. : True (T) or False (F). Under current United States law, forest harvesting is allowed in federally designated wilderness areas. True (T) or False (F). Under current United States law, forest harvesting is allowed in federally designated wilderness areas. : True (T) or False (F). Under current United States law, forest harvesting is allowed in federally designated wilderness areas. No harvesting is allowed in wilderness areas True (T) or False (F). Populations of elk, pronghorn antelope, and wild turkey have declined significantly in the U.S. over the past 60 years. : True (T) or False (F). Populations of elk, pronghorn antelope, and wild turkey have declined significantly in the U.S. over the past 60 years. True (T) or False (F). Populations of elk, pronghorn antelope, and wild turkey have declined significantly in the U.S. over the past 60 years. : True (T) or False (F). Populations of elk, pronghorn antelope, and wild turkey have declined significantly in the U.S. over the past 60 years. In fact, populations of each of these species within the U.S. have increased by at least 800 to 1,000 percent over the past 50 years. True (T) or False (F):Considering the total annual harvest of forests in the United States and the total consumption of wood and fiber products within our country, the U.S. is a net importer of wood and wood products. : True (T) or False (F):Considering the total annual harvest of forests in the United States and the total consumption of wood and fiber products within our country, the U.S. is a net importer of wood and wood products. True (T) or False (F):Considering the total annual harvest of forests in the United States and the total consumption of wood and fiber products within our country, the U.S. is a net importer of wood and wood products. : True (T) or False (F):Considering the total annual harvest of forests in the United States and the total consumption of wood and fiber products within our country, the U.S. is a net importer of wood and wood products. The United States is a Net Importer of Wood and Wood Products : The United States is a Net Importer of Wood and Wood Products Net U.S. imports of wood and wood products amounted to 15-20 percent of total wood consumption and 29 percent of construction lumber consumed in 2008. When waste paper exports are included in the net import calculation, the U.S. net import figure for wood and wood products drops to 2-3 percent. : When waste paper exports are included in the net import calculation, the U.S. net import figure for wood and wood products drops to 2-3 percent. As a percentage of all the paper used in the United States in 2008 _____ was recovered for reuse. : As a percentage of all the paper used in the United States in 2008 _____ was recovered for reuse. 14 percent 36 percent 57 percent 92 percent As a percentage of all the paper used in the United States in 2008 _____ was recovered for reuse. : As a percentage of all the paper used in the United States in 2008 _____ was recovered for reuse. 14 percent 36 percent 57 percent 92 percent Recovered paper provided _____ of the U.S. paper industry’s fiber in 2008. : Recovered paper provided _____ of the U.S. paper industry’s fiber in 2008. 12 percent 34 percent 51 percent 86 percent Recovered paper provided _____ of the U.S. paper industry’s fiber in 2008. : Recovered paper provided _____ of the U.S. paper industry’s fiber in 2008. 12 percent 34 percent 51 percent 86 percent True (T) or False (F). More extensive recycling of paper could reduce harvesting of forests in the U.S. by 60 percent or more. : True (T) or False (F). More extensive recycling of paper could reduce harvesting of forests in the U.S. by 60 percent or more. True (T) or False (F). More extensive recycling of paper could reduce harvesting of forests in the U.S. by 60 percent or more. : True (T) or False (F). More extensive recycling of paper could reduce harvesting of forests in the U.S. by 60 percent or more. Were paper recycling in the U.S. to go to the limit of technology worldwide the domestic timber harvest could be reduced by about 12-13%. : Were paper recycling in the U.S. to go to the limit of technology worldwide the domestic timber harvest could be reduced by about 12-13%. True (T) or False (F). The manufacture of wood construction materials generally results in far lower environmental impacts than when similar construction materials are manufactured from steel, aluminum, plastic, or concrete. : True (T) or False (F). The manufacture of wood construction materials generally results in far lower environmental impacts than when similar construction materials are manufactured from steel, aluminum, plastic, or concrete. True (T) or False (F). The manufacture of wood construction materials generally results in far lower environmental impacts than when similar construction materials are manufactured from steel, aluminum, plastic, or concrete. : True (T) or False (F). The manufacture of wood construction materials generally results in far lower environmental impacts than when similar construction materials are manufactured from steel, aluminum, plastic, or concrete. Slide 75: At a time when Society is seeking to more effectively harness solar energy, it turns out that one of our major raw materials – wood – is totally produced using solar energy. Slide 76: And, very little additional energy is required to convert wood into useful products. The manufacture and use of all construction materials results in environmental impacts. The impacts, however, differ considerably. : The manufacture and use of all construction materials results in environmental impacts. The impacts, however, differ considerably. Slide 78: If, for example, an interior wall of a house is constructed using steel rather than wood studs, the result is a large increase in energy consumption and emissions to air and water. Interior Non-Load Bearing Wall, Wood vs. Steel : Interior Non-Load Bearing Wall, Wood vs. Steel Comparative Energy Use (GJ) Wood Steel* Difference 3.8 11.5 3.0X * 30% recycled content. Source: Athena Sustainable Materials Institute, 1993. Comparative Emissions in Manufacturing Wood vs. Steel-Framed Interior Wall : Comparative Emissions in Manufacturing Wood vs. Steel-Framed Interior Wall Emission/Effluent Wood Wall Steel Wall Difference CO2 (kg) ,305 965 3.2X CO (g) 2,450 11,800 4.8X SOX (g) 400 3,700 9.3X NOX (g) 1,150 1,800 1.6X Particulates (g) 100 335 3.4X VOCs (g) 390 1,800 4.6X Methane (g) , 4 , 45 11.1X Source: Athena Sustainable Materials Institute, 1993. Comparative Effluents in Manufacturing Wood vs. Steel-Framed Interior Wall : Comparative Effluents in Manufacturing Wood vs. Steel-Framed Interior Wall Emission/Effluent Wood Wall Steel Wall Difference Suspended solids (g) 12,180 495,640 41X Non-ferrous metals (mg) 62 2,532 41X Cyanide (mg) 99 4,051 41X Phenols (mg) 17,715 725,994 41X Ammonia (mg) 1,310 53,665 41X Halogenated organics (mg) 507 20,758 41X Oil and grease (mg) 1,421 58,222 41X Sulphides (mg) 13 507 39X Source: Athena Sustainable Materials Institute, 1993.