The structure of the earth

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The structure of the earth: 

The structure of the earth

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4 billion years ago the earth was a cloud of dust. The cloud began to spin and formed the solid earth. The earth consists of the core, the mantle and the crust.

The core: 

The core The core consists of the liquid outer core and the solid inner core. The liquid core controls the magnetic field of the Earth. The temperature of the core is 6,700 degrees Celsius. It consist of iron and nickel.

The mantle: 

The mantle The mantle consists of upper and lower mantle. The mantle is very hot and it moves . The temperature is 2000 degrees Celsius.

The crust: 

The crust The crust can be continental and oceanic. The continental crust is 3,8 billion years old. The oceanic crust is 180 million years.

Tectonic plates: 

Tectonic plates The crust and the upper mantle make tectonic plates . Tectonic plates move on the lower mantle. This tectonic movement makes mountains, volcanoes, continents, tsunamis, earthquakes .

Rocks: 

Rocks The crust consists of rocks: Granite (гранит) Limestone (известняк) Black coal ( каменный уголь) Clay ( глина) Sand ( песок)

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Rocks can be dense ( плотный) and loose ( рыхлый) Granite Limestone Clay Sand Peat ( торф)

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Rocks consist of minerals. Granite consists of 3 minerals: Quartz (кварц) Mica (слюда) Feldspar ( полевой шпат) Limestone consists of 1 mineral: Calcite ( кальцит)

There are 3 types of rocks:: 

There are 3 types of rocks: Magmatic rocks / Igneous rocks: granite, basalt. They make 60% of the crust. Sedimentary rocks: sand, clay, chalk ( мел) , limestone Metamorphic rocks = igneous rocks + sedimentary rocks + high temperature + high pressure (marble ( мрамор) , gneiss ( гнейс)).