Continents.

Continents: 

Continents Lecture No. 12.

Continents: 

Continents A continent is a large landmass on Earth. There are six continents : Eurasia (Europe + Asia) Africa North America South America Antarctica Australia

Islands: 

Islands Greenland is the biggest island in the world. Australia is not an island. It is the smallest continent. Great Britain, Ireland and Iceland are not parts of Europe. They are islands. Oceania = Australia + different islands in the Pacific ocean.

PowerPoint Presentation: 

Total area of all continents = 148 mln square km Continents make 29 % of the earth’s surface Total population of the continents = 7 bln people.

The first continent ever: 

The first continent ever 250 mln years ago there was only one continent – PANGAEA – washed by the Panthalassa Ocean. Europe collided with (столкнулась с) Siberia to form the Ural mountains. 200 mln years ago magma went up and broke (разорвала) Pangaea into continents.

Today: 

Today

The world ocean: 

The world ocean Tectonic plates move and make continents. Continental drift (материковый сдвиг) is a geological process which makes the continents. The continents are washed by ( омываются) the world ocean ( мировой океан) which consists of the Pacific ocean (Тихий океан) , the Atlantic ocean, the Arctic ocean (Северный Ледовитый океан) , the Southern ocean ( Южный океан), the Indian ocean (Индийский океан) and many seas.

Population (население): 

Population ( население) The most populous (населенный ) places on continents are: Eurasia : China, Turkey Africa : Nigeria North America : Mexico South America : Brazil Australia : Sydney Antarctica : Villa Las Estrellas

The extremes (крайние точки): 

The extremes ( крайние точки) Continent Highest point Lowest point Asia Mount Everest Dead Sea Europe Mount Elbrus in the Himalayas Caspian Sea America Mount McKinley Death Valley

Eurasia: 

Eurasia Eurasia is the biggest continent. Russia is part of Eurasia. Population : 4 bln people The longest river is Yangtse in China. The highest (высокий) mountain is Mount Everest (= Chomolungma , 8848 m) in the Himalayas ( Гималаи) . The deepest (глубокий) lake is Baikal (1637 m). The biggest plains (равнины) are Eastern-European (Восточно-Европейский) and Western-Siberian ( Западно-сибирский ) plains.

Africa: 

Africa The second largest continent. The two major religions in Africa are Islam and Christianity. The relief ( рельеф) includes plains ( равнины) . The highest mountain is Mount Kilimanjaro (5895 m). There is no winter in Africa. It is always hot. The biggest desert ( пустыня) on the planet – Sahara – is in Africa. The longest river is the Nile ( Нил) – 6671 km.

North America: 

North America Relief includes many plains and mountains. The highest mountains are the Cordillera with active volcanoes and deep river valleys. The highest mountain is Mount McKinley (6193 m) in Alaska. The largest river is the Mississippi. The biggest lakes are Lake Erie, Lake Michigan, Lake Huron, Lake Ontario, Lake Superior.

South America: 

South America The relief includes plains and mountains. The highest mountains are the Andes. It is a warm continent. The biggest river is the Amazon. The largest lake is Lake Titicaca. The driest desert is the Atacama Desert.

Australia: 

Australia Australia = Australian mainland ( материк) + Tasmania + many islands Australia is the smallest continent. It has very few precipitations ( мало осадков) . The longest river is the Murray River. The largest coral reef is the Great Barrier Reef. The largest lake is Lake Eyre.

Antarctica: 

Antarctica Antarctica is in the Antarctic Circle . Antarctica encapsules ( охватывает) the South Pole . 98% of Antarctica is covered with ice . It is the coldest desert in the world. People can’t live there because the temperature is minus 89 degrees Celsius . In 1820 Russian scientists Bellingshausen und Lazarev discovered ( открыли) Antarctica.

PowerPoint Presentation: 

Antarctica has 80% of the world freshwater storage ( мировые запасы пресной воды) . The snow is 2000 meters wide! ( толщина снежного щита) It is very cold because the sunlight reflects fro the snow ( солнечный свет отражается от снега) . There are many glaciers ( ледники) . Mount Sidley is the highest extinct shield volcano. Mount Erebus is the active volcano.

The Islands (острова): 

The Islands ( острова) The biggest island in the world is Greenland ( Гренландия) . The biggest island in Russia is Sakhalin . An archipelago is a group of islands : Severny Island (Северная Земля) Franz Josef Land ( Земля Франца-Иосифа)