Tissues

Tissues: 

Tissues Lecture No. 6

Properties of living organisms: 

Properties of living organisms can be unicellular or multicellular Perform functions: respiration (breathing), digestion, excretion and reproduction.

Tissue (ткань): 

Tissue (ткань) A tissue is a group of cells similar in size, structure and functions. The cells of the tissue have intercellular matter (межклеточное вещество) between them. The plant has many types of tissues.

Types of PLANT tissues: 

Types of PLANT tissues Meristematic tissue – образовательная ткань Protective tissue – защитная ткань Supporting tissues : collenchyma ; sclerenchyma ( механические ткани) Filling and photosynthetic tissues : parenchyma ( основная ткань) Conductive tissues : xylem; phloem. (Проводящие ткани) Covering tissues : epidermis; periderm (Покровные ткани)

Meristematic tissue: 

Meristematic tissue in the ends of the roots and in the shoots Small cells with big nuclei and NO vacuoles Makes the plants grow = embryonic tissue

Covering tissues: 

Covering tissues in leaves, stems, roots Consist of alive and dead cells have cork cells (dead cells with no intercellular space) which stop loss of water by wax on a hot day Functions: respiration through lentils ( чечевички) and air pores ( устьица)

Supporting tissues: 

Supporting tissues no intercellular space, small vacuoles have chlorophyll ( chlorenchyma ) Give mechanical SUPPORT to the stem very thick and long no nucleus! adapt to the elongation of the stem the tissue is made of dead cells! in stems

Conductive tissues: 

Conductive tissues Conduct water with dissolved minerals and organic substances Consist of live and dead cells Live cells make phloem ( луб) which conducts organic substances Dead cells make xylem ( древесина) which conducts mineral substances Look like tubes in the whole plants

Filling and photosynthetic tissues: 

Filling and photosynthetic tissues Soft parts of the plants, the main part of the stem, the leaves and the cortex Functions: synthesis and storage of nutrients. Have chloroplasts (organelles which make nutrients by photosynthesis)

Types of animal tissues: 

Types of animal tissues Connective tissue (соединительная) Muscular tissue (мышечная) Nervous tissue (нервная) Epithelial tissue (эпителиальная)

Epithelial tissue: 

Epithelial tissue The body of the animal, the cavities of inner organs. No intercellular matter Functions: protection from drying out, attack of microbes, mechanical injuries. Fast regeneration (восстановление) Formation of glands ( железы)

Connective tissue: 

Connective tissue Functions: support and protection, storage of energy, heat loss protection, forms the shape of animals Types: skeletal, fluid, blood, lymph, etc. A LOT OF intercellular matter

Muscular tissue: 

Muscular tissue Functions : mobility, muscle contraction, irritability Types : striated ( поперечнополосатый) = skeletal muscle and unstriated (гладкий) muscle Striated muscles are in face, neck, limbs ( конечности) . Under control of the will . Movement. Cells with many nuclei. Unstriated (= smooth) muscles are in internal organs. Help blood to flow and food to digest. NOT under control of the will. Cells with one nucleus .

Nervous tissue: 

Nervous tissue In brain, spinal cord (спинной мозг) , nerves. Nerves consist of cells called neurons Nerves get stimulus and send impulses to other parts of the body. Makes the nervous system Functions : irritability and conduct ivity

Embryos and skeletons: 

Embryos and skeletons An embyo consists of meristematic tissue . When it grows, meristematic tissue turns into other types of tissues, but a small part of it remains in shoots and roots. Skeletons of animal embryos consist of cartilage (хрящ) which turns into bone tissue (костная ткань) (but the skeletons of sharks and rays (скаты) remains cartilaginous ( хрящевой)).

PowerPoint Presentation: 

Muscular tissues consist of parallel contractive filaments ( волокна) . When the filaments contract, they become shorter and thicker and make the muscle move.