KINGDOM FUNGI

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Fungi. Грибы.

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KINGDOM FUNGI / Mycetae: 

KINGDOM FUNGI / Mycetae Lecture No. 6

Mycology is the study of fungus : 

Mycology is the study of fungus Fungi are large eukaryotic organisms. Heterotrophic saprophytes reproduce asexually (budding) and sexually (using spores )

SIZE: 

SIZE Macroscopic mushrooms puffballs Microscopic Mold yeast

FUNGI: 

FUNGI SINGLE-CELLED Yeasts MULTI-CELLED Molds, mushrooms

Common features with the animals: 

Common features with the animals fungi store glycogen, the reserve nutrient chitin is in the cell membrane urea is used for metabolism

Common features with the plants: 

Common features with the plants fungi suck in food fungi grow without limits fungi are not very mobile

STRUCTURE: 

STRUCTURE Fungi consist of the mycelium . The mycelium consists of hyphae. Hyphae have walls – septae . Hyphae have one nucleus or two nuclei.

extracellular nutrition : 

extracellular nutrition do not have chlorophyll Fungi let out digestive enzymes. The enzymes break down food. Fungi take the dissolved food through the cell wall.

REPRODUCTION: 

REPRODUCTION Mitosis Asexual spore-formation in sporangia Meiosis Sexual reproduction

FUNCTIONS: 

FUNCTIONS Symbiosis (Fungi form mycorrhizae ) : Help to digest food in the animal guts Help to absorb nutrients Parasitize plants and humans Pathogen (disease-causing) Antibiotic (penicillin) Food: fermenting beer, wine, bread, milk

Symbiosis between Fungi and Plants: 

Symbiosis between Fungi and Plants Lichens FUNGI + ALGAE Mycorrhizae FUNGI + LAND PLANTS

Yeasts: 

Yeasts small, round, and unicellular reproduce asexually (budding) like the temperatures of 35-40°C can grow INSIDE the body Used for fermenting in food industry

Molds: 

Molds multi-cellular and have long hyphae Hyphae make a mycelium absorb nutrients with hyphae sexual reproduction grow OUTSIDE the human body like the room temperature Can grow inside the refrigerator

Fungal Taxonomy: 

Fungal Taxonomy Zygomycota black bread molds Ascomycota (sac fungi) yeasts, morels, and truffles, used to produce Camembert and Roquefort cheeses Basidiomycota (sac fungi) mushrooms and shelf fungi Deuteromycota (fungi imperfecti ) Athlete's foot, Penicillin, "Yeast" infections Chytridiomycota Saprobes in damp soil and water