logging in or signing up Operating Systems apagan34 Download Post to : URL : Related Presentations : Share Add to Flag Embed Email Send to Blogs and Networks Add to Channel Uploaded from authorPOINT lite Insert YouTube videos in PowerPont slides with aS Desktop Copy embed code: (To copy code, click on the text box) Embed: URL: Thumbnail: WordPress Embed Customize Embed The presentation is successfully added In Your Favorites. Views: 1107 Category: Education License: All Rights Reserved Like it (7) Dislike it (0) Added: May 05, 2010 This Presentation is Public Favorites: 2 Presentation Description No description available. Comments Posting comment... By: Akankshak2 (3 month(s) ago) can uh plzz mail it on shail.akanksha@gmall.com plzzz Saving..... Post Reply Close Saving..... Edit Comment Close By: suryakant01 (3 month(s) ago) plz send me this ppt . this is nice and more knowledge . Saving..... Post Reply Close Saving..... Edit Comment Close By: shivamsharma21 (11 month(s) ago) hey i liked ur ppt ...can u plz mail me my id is- rockinshivam@gmail.com Thanks in advance Saving..... Post Reply Close Saving..... Edit Comment Close By: vj102005 (14 month(s) ago) can i download this presentation Saving..... Post Reply Close Saving..... Edit Comment Close By: hrexha (18 month(s) ago) Can i download this presentation?? Saving..... Post Reply Close Saving..... Edit Comment Close Premium member Presentation Transcript Slide 1: PowerPoint for Computer Service and Repair by JoAnne Keltner Goodheart-Willcox Publisher 18604 West Creek Drive Tinley Park, IL 60477 www.g-w.com Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Permission granted to reproduce for educational purposes only. Chapter 2Operating Systems : Chapter 2Operating Systems What Is an Operating System? : What Is an Operating System? An operating system is software that does the following: Provides a file system structure. Provides a means of communicating with computer system hardware. Prevents running programs from interfering with one another. Importance to the PC Technician : Importance to the PC Technician This chapter introduces the function and terminology of computer operating systems. Understanding how an operating system functions is essential to troubleshooting personal computers. Objectives : Objectives Identify various computer operating systems. Explain minimum requirements of an operating system. Describe the three core DOS files. Identify DOS limitations. Objectives : Objectives Explain the differences between the various versions of the Windows operating system. Describe the boot process. Describe the relationship of application software, operating systems, BIOS, and system hardware components. Describe the common characteristics of different operating systems. Presentation Outline : Presentation Outline Operating System Disk Operating System Microsoft Windows Operating Systems Non-Windows Operating Systems 1 2 3 4 OperatingSystem : OperatingSystem 1 Kernel : Kernel The kernel is the core of the operating system. Operating System Communication : Operating System Communication Application software Operating system software BIOS Computer hardware User Operating System Characteristics : Operating System Characteristics Ability to multitask. A user interface. A file structure. Click each link for details. Multitasking : Multitasking Multitasking is the process of supporting two or more programs running at the same time. It is supported by some operating systems. Program Program Program Program Cooperative Multitasking : Cooperative Multitasking With cooperative multitasking, one program dominates control of the operating system. A program will allow another program to run while it remains idle. Preemptive Multitasking : Program Program Program Program Preemptive Multitasking Preemptive multitasking allows two or more programs to share control of the operating system. Also called time slicing. Threading : Threading Running multiple threads at the same time via multiple CPUs. Program Thread User Interface : User Interface Text line command. Graphical user interface (GUI). Click each link for details. Text Line Command : Text Line Command A text line command is typed in at a command line. Graphical User Interface (GUI) : Graphical User Interface (GUI) Insert Figure 2-5 Folder Icon In a graphical user interface (GUI), a file system is easily displayed. File Structure : File Structure Subdirectory Directory Root directory Pathname File File Allocation Table (FAT) : File Allocation Table (FAT) A file allocation table is used in an operating system to keep track of file locations on a disk. Examples of file allocation tables are FAT12, FAT16, FAT32, VFAT, HPFS, and NTFS. Common OS Terminology : Common OS Terminology Configuration file. Application software. Drivers. Software patches. Click each link for details. Configuration File : Configuration File A configuration file is a file that contains information about the system hardware and file. Examples of configuration file information are the amount of system memory and type of video adapter used in the computer. Typical Configuration Files : Typical Configuration Files Application Software : Application Software Application software is also called end-user software. Designed for a specific purpose, such as creating a database, spreadsheet, or document. Relies on the OS to communicate with the computer. Drivers : Drivers Drivers are software that enable proper communication between the PC and peripherals. MS-DOS system driver files have a .sys extension. Windows drivers have a .drv extension. Windows stores many drivers in cabinet files. Software Patches : Software Patches Designed for the OS and application programs. Used to fix bugs. Review : Review Describe three functions of an operating system. Provides a file system structure. Provides a means of communicating with computer system hardware. Prevents running programs from interfering with one another. Review : Review The _____ is the core of an operating system. kernel Review : Review The _____ provides communication between application software and the BIOS. operating system Review : Review A(n) _____ is used in an OS to keep track of file locations on a disk. file allocation table Review : Review A software program that enables proper communication between the PC and peripherals is called a(n) _____. driver Disk Operating System : Disk Operating System 2 Disk Operating System (DOS) : Disk Operating System (DOS) The Disk Operating System (DOS) set standards for Windows operating systems to follow. The command line is used to enter commands and to open programs. No multitasking or multiprocessor support. DOS Core Files : DOS Core Files DOS Commands : DOS Commands Internal commands are commands contained within the command.com file. External commands are located in the DOS directory. Internal Commands : Internal Commands External Commands : External Commands DOS System Boot Disk : DOS System Boot Disk A DOS system boot disk contains the necessary files needed to boot the computer. Booting refers to starting the computer and loading the OS. To create a DOS boot disk, the format a: /s command is used. Naming DOS Files : Naming DOS Files Eight point three (8.3) naming convention. Eight-character or less filename, a period (dot), and a three-character extension. Examples: config.sys autoexec.bat myfile.txt Common File Extensions : Common File Extensions Unacceptable Filename Characters : Unacceptable Filename Characters A period can only be used between the filename and extension. | + = > < ? : [ ] Warm and Cold Boot : Warm and Cold Boot Warm boot initiated by [Ctrl] [Alt] [Del]. Cold boot initiated by turning the computer on with the switch. Config.sys : Config.sys Used to load device drivers and to configure, disable, or enable OS features, such as number of files that can be opened. Used in new operating systems to support legacy software applications. Config.sys Commands : Config.sys Commands Autoexec.bat Commands : Autoexec.bat Commands Autoexec.bat : Autoexec.bat A text file used to load and run programs at startup. Required for legacy programs. Review : Review What are the names of the three core DOS files? io.sys msdos.sys command.com Review : Review Which of the following commands is used to create a DOS boot disk? chkdsk a: /s chkdsk a: /DOS format a: /s format a: /DOS Review : Review Which file is used to load device drivers and to configure, disable, or enable OS features, such as the number of files that can be opened? autoexec.bat config.bat autoexec.sys config.sys Review : Review What are some limitations of DOS? 8.3 character-naming convention. Command line only. No multitasking or multiprocessor support. Microsoft WindowsOperating Systems : Microsoft WindowsOperating Systems 3 The Microsoft Windows Family : The Microsoft Windows Family Windows 3.x Built on DOS. Offered a GUI. Stores configuration information in system.ini and win.ini. Windows 95 Introduced the registry, Plug and Play, and the shortcut menu. 32-bit OS. Enhanced CD player. Windows 98 Introduced support for DVD, MMX, AGP, and FAT32. Integrated the Web browser. The Microsoft Windows Family (Cont.) : The Microsoft Windows Family (Cont.) Windows NT Workstation and server version. 32-bit OS with preemptive multitasking. Enhanced security. Limited user access. Windows Me Introduced Advanced Network Wizard and System Restore tool. Introduced support and drivers for video cameras. New technologies added to the Windows 95 kernel. The Microsoft Windows Family (Cont.) : The Microsoft Windows Family (Cont.) Windows 2000 Uses a modified NT kernel. Dynamic file system (NTFS5.0). Improved security. Windows XP Uses a modified NT kernel. Windows XP Home Edition. Windows XP Professional. Windows Vista Not based on the NT kernel. Enhanced user interface. Enhanced security. Microsoft Windows Desktop : Microsoft Windows Desktop Icons Start button Taskbar System tray Start Menu : Start Menu File Names—Windows 95 and Later : File Names—Windows 95 and Later Long file names introduced. Allowed for 255 characters. Characters not allowed consist of the following: | * > < ? : / \ ″ Windows 95, 98, Me Boot Sequence : Windows 95, 98, Me Boot Sequence Bootstrap program runs the Power-on self-test (POST). MBR io.sys msdos.sys config.sys command.com autoexec.bat win.com Windows NT, 2000, XP Boot Sequence : Windows NT, 2000, XP Boot Sequence Power-on self-test (POST) MBR NTLDR boot.ini ntdetect.com ntoskrnl.exe hall.dll winlogon.exe Windows Vista Boot Sequence : Windows Vista Boot Sequence Power-on self-test (POST) MBR bootmgr winload.exe ntoskrnl.exe hal.dll smss.exe winlogon.exe Boot Sequence Comparison : Boot Sequence Comparison Dual- and Multi-Boot Systems : Dual- and Multi-Boot Systems Dual-Boot System Multiple-Boot System Windows XP Windows Vista Windows XP Windows Vista Windows 2000 Virtual Machines : Virtual Machines Virtual Machine Windows Server 2008 Windows Vista Linux Windows Startup Disk : Windows Startup Disk Used for recovering from a failed or corrupt operating system. Registry : Registry The registry is found in Windows 95, 98, NT, 2000, and XP. It is a database that stores configuration information. Accessed by entering regedit in the Run dialog box or Search box off the Start menu in Windows XP and Vista. Registry Editor : Registry Editor HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT Object linking and embedding (OLE) information and how files are associated. HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE Information specific to the local computer. HKEY_CURRENT_USER Information about the current workstation user. HKEY_USERS Information for each user of this workstation. HKEY_CURRENT_CONFIG Display and printer settings. Registry Files : Registry Files The system.dat file contains information about the computer’s settings. The user.dat file contains information about individuals who use the computer. Can be backed up, copied to disk, and modified. Review : Review Which Windows operating systems use a modified NT kernel? (Select all that apply.) Windows 95 Windows XP Windows Me Windows 2000 Review : Review Which Windows operating systems introduced Plug and Play and the registry? Windows 95 Windows XP Windows Me Windows 98 Review : Review Which Windows operating systems introduced the dynamic file system? Windows 95 Windows XP Windows Me Windows 2000 Review : Review Place the following Windows NT, 2000, and XP boot sequence steps in their proper order. boot.ini NTLDR POST hal.dll ntoskrnl.exe ntdetect.com MBR winlogon.exe C, G, B, A, F, E, D, H Review : Review Place the following Windows Vista boot sequence steps in their proper order. smss.exe hal.dll ntoskrnl.exe bootmgr winlogon.exe MBR POST winload.exe G, F, D, H, C, B, A, E Non-WindowsOperating Systems : Non-WindowsOperating Systems 4 Linux : Linux Derivative of UNIX. Many varieties such as Red Hat, SUSE, Caldera, and Debian. Can be installed on a single PC or used as a file server. Programmable code to make the OS is called source code. Source code can be readily downloaded, viewed, and manipulated. OS/2 : OS/2 Developed by Microsoft for IBM computers. Had impressive features for its time, such as the ability to use long file names. Compatible with DOS and Windows programs. OS/2 programs cannot run on DOS or Windows. OS 9 : OS 9 Developed jointly by Microware Systems and Motorola. Supports multitasking. It is the operating system behind many industrial technologies as well as WebTV boxes. OS X : OS X The replacement OS for Apple computers. Based on the Linux OS. Will run on an Intel processor. Review : Review Which of the following operating systems is based on Linux? UNIX OS/2 SUSE OS 9 Review : Review Which of the following operating systems is the operating system behind many industrial technologies as well as WebTV boxes? UNIX OS/2 Linux OS 9 Review : Review Which of the following operating systems was developed by Microsoft and is compatible with DOS and Windows programs? UNIX OS/2 Linux OS 9 Review : Review Which of the following operating systems is used on Apple computers that have an Intel processor? OS X OS/2 Linux OS 9 Glossary : Glossary Application Software : Application Software Software designed for a specific purpose such as creating databases or spreadsheets, word processing, producing graphics, or just for entertainment. Bootstrap Program : Bootstrap Program A short program that loads some basic files into memory and then turns the startup operation over to the operating system. Bugs : Bugs Errors in programming. Cabinet Files : Cabinet Files Compressed files that contain the operating system software. Called cab files for short. Cold Boot : Cold Boot Turning on the computer at the power switch. Configuration File : Configuration File A file that contains information about the system hardware and software. Cooperative Multitasking : Cooperative Multitasking One program dominating the operating system but allowing another program to run while the primary program is idle. Directory : Directory A file used to group other files together in a hierarchical file structure. A directory is analogous to a file folder in a conventional paper filing system. Directories are referred to as folders in many operating systems. Disk Operating System (DOS) : Disk Operating System (DOS) An operating system typically requiring the user to issue text line commands to perform operations. DOS System Boot Disk : DOS System Boot Disk A floppy disk that contains the files necessary to run a computer with DOS. Drivers : Drivers Software that enables proper communication between the PC and peripheral devices. Dual-Boot System : Dual-Boot System A computer with two operating systems installed. Extension : Extension The second part of a filename. An extension is typically three characters long and indicates the function of the file. External Commands : External Commands Individual executable files that extend DOS’s functionality beyond the limits of its internal commands. File : File A collection of data that forms a single unit. File Allocation Table (FAT) : File Allocation Table (FAT) A table used by the operating system to record and recall the locations of files on the disk. Graphical User Interface (GUI) : Graphical User Interface (GUI) An operating system interface that allows the user to perform functions by selecting on-screen icons rather than by issuing text line commands. Internal Commands : Internal Commands A set of programs that are wholly contained within the command processor program (command.com). Kernel : Kernel The core of the operating system. Multiple-Boot System : Multiple-Boot System A computer with more than two operating systems installed. Multitasking : Multitasking The ability of an operating system to support two or more programs running at the same time. Operating System (OS) : Operating System (OS) Software that provides the user with a file system structure and allows the user to communicate with the computer system’s hardware. Pathname : Pathname A string of characters used to identify a file’s location in the directory structure. Plug and Play (PnP) : Plug and Play (PnP) A BIOS function that enables the automatic detection and configuration of new hardware components. Also, the automatic assignment of system resources such as DMA channels, interrupts, memory, and port assignments. Preemptive Multitasking : Preemptive Multitasking Multiple programs sharing control of the operating system. Registry : Registry A database that stores configuration information. Root Directory : Root Directory The directory at the top of the file structure hierarchy. A root directory is analogous to a file cabinet drawer in a conventional, paper filing system. A root directory is also referred to as the root. Source Code : Source Code The programming code used to make the operating system. Subdirectory : Subdirectory A file that subdivides the contents of a directory. A subdirectory is analogous to a folder within a folder in a conventional, paper filing system. Text Line Command : Text Line Command Commands issued by entering text at a command prompt. Virtual Machine : Virtual Machine A computer on which more than one operating system can be executed at the same time. Warm Boot : Warm Boot Using the reset button or key combination to restart a computer that is already running. You do not have the permission to view this presentation. In order to view it, please contact the author of the presentation.
Operating Systems apagan34 Download Post to : URL : Related Presentations : Share Add to Flag Embed Email Send to Blogs and Networks Add to Channel Uploaded from authorPOINT lite Insert YouTube videos in PowerPont slides with aS Desktop Copy embed code: (To copy code, click on the text box) Embed: URL: Thumbnail: WordPress Embed Customize Embed The presentation is successfully added In Your Favorites. Views: 1107 Category: Education License: All Rights Reserved Like it (7) Dislike it (0) Added: May 05, 2010 This Presentation is Public Favorites: 2 Presentation Description No description available. Comments Posting comment... By: Akankshak2 (3 month(s) ago) can uh plzz mail it on shail.akanksha@gmall.com plzzz Saving..... Post Reply Close Saving..... Edit Comment Close By: suryakant01 (3 month(s) ago) plz send me this ppt . this is nice and more knowledge . Saving..... Post Reply Close Saving..... Edit Comment Close By: shivamsharma21 (11 month(s) ago) hey i liked ur ppt ...can u plz mail me my id is- rockinshivam@gmail.com Thanks in advance Saving..... Post Reply Close Saving..... Edit Comment Close By: vj102005 (14 month(s) ago) can i download this presentation Saving..... Post Reply Close Saving..... Edit Comment Close By: hrexha (18 month(s) ago) Can i download this presentation?? Saving..... Post Reply Close Saving..... Edit Comment Close Premium member Presentation Transcript Slide 1: PowerPoint for Computer Service and Repair by JoAnne Keltner Goodheart-Willcox Publisher 18604 West Creek Drive Tinley Park, IL 60477 www.g-w.com Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Permission granted to reproduce for educational purposes only. Chapter 2Operating Systems : Chapter 2Operating Systems What Is an Operating System? : What Is an Operating System? An operating system is software that does the following: Provides a file system structure. Provides a means of communicating with computer system hardware. Prevents running programs from interfering with one another. Importance to the PC Technician : Importance to the PC Technician This chapter introduces the function and terminology of computer operating systems. Understanding how an operating system functions is essential to troubleshooting personal computers. Objectives : Objectives Identify various computer operating systems. Explain minimum requirements of an operating system. Describe the three core DOS files. Identify DOS limitations. Objectives : Objectives Explain the differences between the various versions of the Windows operating system. Describe the boot process. Describe the relationship of application software, operating systems, BIOS, and system hardware components. Describe the common characteristics of different operating systems. Presentation Outline : Presentation Outline Operating System Disk Operating System Microsoft Windows Operating Systems Non-Windows Operating Systems 1 2 3 4 OperatingSystem : OperatingSystem 1 Kernel : Kernel The kernel is the core of the operating system. Operating System Communication : Operating System Communication Application software Operating system software BIOS Computer hardware User Operating System Characteristics : Operating System Characteristics Ability to multitask. A user interface. A file structure. Click each link for details. Multitasking : Multitasking Multitasking is the process of supporting two or more programs running at the same time. It is supported by some operating systems. Program Program Program Program Cooperative Multitasking : Cooperative Multitasking With cooperative multitasking, one program dominates control of the operating system. A program will allow another program to run while it remains idle. Preemptive Multitasking : Program Program Program Program Preemptive Multitasking Preemptive multitasking allows two or more programs to share control of the operating system. Also called time slicing. Threading : Threading Running multiple threads at the same time via multiple CPUs. Program Thread User Interface : User Interface Text line command. Graphical user interface (GUI). Click each link for details. Text Line Command : Text Line Command A text line command is typed in at a command line. Graphical User Interface (GUI) : Graphical User Interface (GUI) Insert Figure 2-5 Folder Icon In a graphical user interface (GUI), a file system is easily displayed. File Structure : File Structure Subdirectory Directory Root directory Pathname File File Allocation Table (FAT) : File Allocation Table (FAT) A file allocation table is used in an operating system to keep track of file locations on a disk. Examples of file allocation tables are FAT12, FAT16, FAT32, VFAT, HPFS, and NTFS. Common OS Terminology : Common OS Terminology Configuration file. Application software. Drivers. Software patches. Click each link for details. Configuration File : Configuration File A configuration file is a file that contains information about the system hardware and file. Examples of configuration file information are the amount of system memory and type of video adapter used in the computer. Typical Configuration Files : Typical Configuration Files Application Software : Application Software Application software is also called end-user software. Designed for a specific purpose, such as creating a database, spreadsheet, or document. Relies on the OS to communicate with the computer. Drivers : Drivers Drivers are software that enable proper communication between the PC and peripherals. MS-DOS system driver files have a .sys extension. Windows drivers have a .drv extension. Windows stores many drivers in cabinet files. Software Patches : Software Patches Designed for the OS and application programs. Used to fix bugs. Review : Review Describe three functions of an operating system. Provides a file system structure. Provides a means of communicating with computer system hardware. Prevents running programs from interfering with one another. Review : Review The _____ is the core of an operating system. kernel Review : Review The _____ provides communication between application software and the BIOS. operating system Review : Review A(n) _____ is used in an OS to keep track of file locations on a disk. file allocation table Review : Review A software program that enables proper communication between the PC and peripherals is called a(n) _____. driver Disk Operating System : Disk Operating System 2 Disk Operating System (DOS) : Disk Operating System (DOS) The Disk Operating System (DOS) set standards for Windows operating systems to follow. The command line is used to enter commands and to open programs. No multitasking or multiprocessor support. DOS Core Files : DOS Core Files DOS Commands : DOS Commands Internal commands are commands contained within the command.com file. External commands are located in the DOS directory. Internal Commands : Internal Commands External Commands : External Commands DOS System Boot Disk : DOS System Boot Disk A DOS system boot disk contains the necessary files needed to boot the computer. Booting refers to starting the computer and loading the OS. To create a DOS boot disk, the format a: /s command is used. Naming DOS Files : Naming DOS Files Eight point three (8.3) naming convention. Eight-character or less filename, a period (dot), and a three-character extension. Examples: config.sys autoexec.bat myfile.txt Common File Extensions : Common File Extensions Unacceptable Filename Characters : Unacceptable Filename Characters A period can only be used between the filename and extension. | + = > < ? : [ ] Warm and Cold Boot : Warm and Cold Boot Warm boot initiated by [Ctrl] [Alt] [Del]. Cold boot initiated by turning the computer on with the switch. Config.sys : Config.sys Used to load device drivers and to configure, disable, or enable OS features, such as number of files that can be opened. Used in new operating systems to support legacy software applications. Config.sys Commands : Config.sys Commands Autoexec.bat Commands : Autoexec.bat Commands Autoexec.bat : Autoexec.bat A text file used to load and run programs at startup. Required for legacy programs. Review : Review What are the names of the three core DOS files? io.sys msdos.sys command.com Review : Review Which of the following commands is used to create a DOS boot disk? chkdsk a: /s chkdsk a: /DOS format a: /s format a: /DOS Review : Review Which file is used to load device drivers and to configure, disable, or enable OS features, such as the number of files that can be opened? autoexec.bat config.bat autoexec.sys config.sys Review : Review What are some limitations of DOS? 8.3 character-naming convention. Command line only. No multitasking or multiprocessor support. Microsoft WindowsOperating Systems : Microsoft WindowsOperating Systems 3 The Microsoft Windows Family : The Microsoft Windows Family Windows 3.x Built on DOS. Offered a GUI. Stores configuration information in system.ini and win.ini. Windows 95 Introduced the registry, Plug and Play, and the shortcut menu. 32-bit OS. Enhanced CD player. Windows 98 Introduced support for DVD, MMX, AGP, and FAT32. Integrated the Web browser. The Microsoft Windows Family (Cont.) : The Microsoft Windows Family (Cont.) Windows NT Workstation and server version. 32-bit OS with preemptive multitasking. Enhanced security. Limited user access. Windows Me Introduced Advanced Network Wizard and System Restore tool. Introduced support and drivers for video cameras. New technologies added to the Windows 95 kernel. The Microsoft Windows Family (Cont.) : The Microsoft Windows Family (Cont.) Windows 2000 Uses a modified NT kernel. Dynamic file system (NTFS5.0). Improved security. Windows XP Uses a modified NT kernel. Windows XP Home Edition. Windows XP Professional. Windows Vista Not based on the NT kernel. Enhanced user interface. Enhanced security. Microsoft Windows Desktop : Microsoft Windows Desktop Icons Start button Taskbar System tray Start Menu : Start Menu File Names—Windows 95 and Later : File Names—Windows 95 and Later Long file names introduced. Allowed for 255 characters. Characters not allowed consist of the following: | * > < ? : / \ ″ Windows 95, 98, Me Boot Sequence : Windows 95, 98, Me Boot Sequence Bootstrap program runs the Power-on self-test (POST). MBR io.sys msdos.sys config.sys command.com autoexec.bat win.com Windows NT, 2000, XP Boot Sequence : Windows NT, 2000, XP Boot Sequence Power-on self-test (POST) MBR NTLDR boot.ini ntdetect.com ntoskrnl.exe hall.dll winlogon.exe Windows Vista Boot Sequence : Windows Vista Boot Sequence Power-on self-test (POST) MBR bootmgr winload.exe ntoskrnl.exe hal.dll smss.exe winlogon.exe Boot Sequence Comparison : Boot Sequence Comparison Dual- and Multi-Boot Systems : Dual- and Multi-Boot Systems Dual-Boot System Multiple-Boot System Windows XP Windows Vista Windows XP Windows Vista Windows 2000 Virtual Machines : Virtual Machines Virtual Machine Windows Server 2008 Windows Vista Linux Windows Startup Disk : Windows Startup Disk Used for recovering from a failed or corrupt operating system. Registry : Registry The registry is found in Windows 95, 98, NT, 2000, and XP. It is a database that stores configuration information. Accessed by entering regedit in the Run dialog box or Search box off the Start menu in Windows XP and Vista. Registry Editor : Registry Editor HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT Object linking and embedding (OLE) information and how files are associated. HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE Information specific to the local computer. HKEY_CURRENT_USER Information about the current workstation user. HKEY_USERS Information for each user of this workstation. HKEY_CURRENT_CONFIG Display and printer settings. Registry Files : Registry Files The system.dat file contains information about the computer’s settings. The user.dat file contains information about individuals who use the computer. Can be backed up, copied to disk, and modified. Review : Review Which Windows operating systems use a modified NT kernel? (Select all that apply.) Windows 95 Windows XP Windows Me Windows 2000 Review : Review Which Windows operating systems introduced Plug and Play and the registry? Windows 95 Windows XP Windows Me Windows 98 Review : Review Which Windows operating systems introduced the dynamic file system? Windows 95 Windows XP Windows Me Windows 2000 Review : Review Place the following Windows NT, 2000, and XP boot sequence steps in their proper order. boot.ini NTLDR POST hal.dll ntoskrnl.exe ntdetect.com MBR winlogon.exe C, G, B, A, F, E, D, H Review : Review Place the following Windows Vista boot sequence steps in their proper order. smss.exe hal.dll ntoskrnl.exe bootmgr winlogon.exe MBR POST winload.exe G, F, D, H, C, B, A, E Non-WindowsOperating Systems : Non-WindowsOperating Systems 4 Linux : Linux Derivative of UNIX. Many varieties such as Red Hat, SUSE, Caldera, and Debian. Can be installed on a single PC or used as a file server. Programmable code to make the OS is called source code. Source code can be readily downloaded, viewed, and manipulated. OS/2 : OS/2 Developed by Microsoft for IBM computers. Had impressive features for its time, such as the ability to use long file names. Compatible with DOS and Windows programs. OS/2 programs cannot run on DOS or Windows. OS 9 : OS 9 Developed jointly by Microware Systems and Motorola. Supports multitasking. It is the operating system behind many industrial technologies as well as WebTV boxes. OS X : OS X The replacement OS for Apple computers. Based on the Linux OS. Will run on an Intel processor. Review : Review Which of the following operating systems is based on Linux? UNIX OS/2 SUSE OS 9 Review : Review Which of the following operating systems is the operating system behind many industrial technologies as well as WebTV boxes? UNIX OS/2 Linux OS 9 Review : Review Which of the following operating systems was developed by Microsoft and is compatible with DOS and Windows programs? UNIX OS/2 Linux OS 9 Review : Review Which of the following operating systems is used on Apple computers that have an Intel processor? OS X OS/2 Linux OS 9 Glossary : Glossary Application Software : Application Software Software designed for a specific purpose such as creating databases or spreadsheets, word processing, producing graphics, or just for entertainment. Bootstrap Program : Bootstrap Program A short program that loads some basic files into memory and then turns the startup operation over to the operating system. Bugs : Bugs Errors in programming. Cabinet Files : Cabinet Files Compressed files that contain the operating system software. Called cab files for short. Cold Boot : Cold Boot Turning on the computer at the power switch. Configuration File : Configuration File A file that contains information about the system hardware and software. Cooperative Multitasking : Cooperative Multitasking One program dominating the operating system but allowing another program to run while the primary program is idle. Directory : Directory A file used to group other files together in a hierarchical file structure. A directory is analogous to a file folder in a conventional paper filing system. Directories are referred to as folders in many operating systems. Disk Operating System (DOS) : Disk Operating System (DOS) An operating system typically requiring the user to issue text line commands to perform operations. DOS System Boot Disk : DOS System Boot Disk A floppy disk that contains the files necessary to run a computer with DOS. Drivers : Drivers Software that enables proper communication between the PC and peripheral devices. Dual-Boot System : Dual-Boot System A computer with two operating systems installed. Extension : Extension The second part of a filename. An extension is typically three characters long and indicates the function of the file. External Commands : External Commands Individual executable files that extend DOS’s functionality beyond the limits of its internal commands. File : File A collection of data that forms a single unit. File Allocation Table (FAT) : File Allocation Table (FAT) A table used by the operating system to record and recall the locations of files on the disk. Graphical User Interface (GUI) : Graphical User Interface (GUI) An operating system interface that allows the user to perform functions by selecting on-screen icons rather than by issuing text line commands. Internal Commands : Internal Commands A set of programs that are wholly contained within the command processor program (command.com). Kernel : Kernel The core of the operating system. Multiple-Boot System : Multiple-Boot System A computer with more than two operating systems installed. Multitasking : Multitasking The ability of an operating system to support two or more programs running at the same time. Operating System (OS) : Operating System (OS) Software that provides the user with a file system structure and allows the user to communicate with the computer system’s hardware. Pathname : Pathname A string of characters used to identify a file’s location in the directory structure. Plug and Play (PnP) : Plug and Play (PnP) A BIOS function that enables the automatic detection and configuration of new hardware components. Also, the automatic assignment of system resources such as DMA channels, interrupts, memory, and port assignments. Preemptive Multitasking : Preemptive Multitasking Multiple programs sharing control of the operating system. Registry : Registry A database that stores configuration information. Root Directory : Root Directory The directory at the top of the file structure hierarchy. A root directory is analogous to a file cabinet drawer in a conventional, paper filing system. A root directory is also referred to as the root. Source Code : Source Code The programming code used to make the operating system. Subdirectory : Subdirectory A file that subdivides the contents of a directory. A subdirectory is analogous to a folder within a folder in a conventional, paper filing system. Text Line Command : Text Line Command Commands issued by entering text at a command prompt. Virtual Machine : Virtual Machine A computer on which more than one operating system can be executed at the same time. Warm Boot : Warm Boot Using the reset button or key combination to restart a computer that is already running.