logging in or signing up Introduction to a typical PC apagan34 Download Post to : URL : Related Presentations : Share Add to Flag Embed Email Send to Blogs and Networks Add to Channel Uploaded from authorPOINT lite Insert YouTube videos in PowerPont slides with aS Desktop Copy embed code: (To copy code, click on the text box) Embed: URL: Thumbnail: WordPress Embed Customize Embed The presentation is successfully added In Your Favorites. Views: 461 Category: Education License: All Rights Reserved Like it (0) Dislike it (0) Added: May 05, 2010 This Presentation is Public Favorites: 3 Presentation Description No description available. Comments Posting comment... By: kapil_joshi235689 (12 month(s) ago) Plz Let Me Download... Saving..... Post Reply Close Saving..... Edit Comment Close By: jmtuyau (13 month(s) ago) A good presentation. This can help others. Please send me a copy at jmtuyau@yahoo.com Saving..... Post Reply Close Saving..... Edit Comment Close Premium member Presentation Transcript Slide 1: PowerPoint for Computer Service and Repair by JoAnne Keltner Goodheart-Willcox Publisher 18604 West Creek Drive Tinley Park, IL 60477 www.g-w.com Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Permission granted to reproduce for educational purposes only. Chapter 1Introduction to a Typical PC : Chapter 1Introduction to a Typical PC Textbook Purpose : Textbook Purpose To provide you with the basic skills needed to be proficient in PC repair. To prepare you for the CompTIA A+ Certification exams. Who Is CompTIA? : Who Is CompTIA? CompTIA is a vendor-neutral, not-for-profit organization that provides certification in various areas of the IT industry. CompTIA A+ Certification is awarded on successful completion of two exams: A+ Essentials and one elective. CompTIA A+ 2006 Exams : CompTIA A+ 2006 Exams A+ Essentials IT Technician Remote Support Technician Depot Technician (220-602) (220-603) (220-604) One elective Required Chapter Purpose : Chapter Purpose To provide an overview of the PC. Inside/outside components. How computers communicate internally. To introduce you to the common tools used by the PC technician. Importance to the PC Technician : Importance to the PC Technician This chapter provides introductory knowledge and an overview of the computer system before going in depth at a technician level. This overview will give you the “big picture.” Objectives : Objectives Explain the role of computers. Explain what a computer is. Describe computer data. Identify the major components of a typical PC. Describe the power-on sequence of a typical PC. Objectives : Objectives Explain how the major components interact with each other. Interpret the common prefixes associated with the computer’s size and speed. Define electrostatic discharge. Identify common tools used to service a PC. Presentation Outline : Presentation Outline What Is a Computer? Outside Tour Inside Tour How Computers Communicate The PC Technician’s Toolkit 1 2 3 4 5 Integrated Circuits 6 What Is a Computer? : What Is a Computer? 1 Computer Functions : Computer Functions Process data Retrieve/ receive data Store data Output data Click each link for details. Data : Data MP3, WAV, MIDI PNG, TIF, JPG TXT, DOC (Courtesy of Union Tools, Inc.) Retrieve/Receive : Retrieve/Receive Retrieve from storage devices or from memory (Courtesy of Seagate and Kingston Technology.) (Courtesy of Logitech.) Store : Store Data is typically stored magnetically or optically onto storage media. Magnetic Storage Devices and Media Optical Storage Devices and Media (Courtesy of Seagate.) Process : Process Sort Compare Compute Locate + _ x ÷ = ≠ ≤ ≥ Output : Output Some of the ways to output data are through … Printers Speakers Monitors (Courtesy of Logitech.) (Reprinted with permission from ViewSonic Corporation.) Examples of Computers : Examples of Computers Handheld Tablet Personal Computer (Courtesy of International Business Systems Corporation.) Mainframe (Reprinted with permission from ViewSonic Corporation.) (Reprinted with permission from ViewSonic Corporation.) Computers Can Be Found In … : Computers Can Be Found In … Military Home Education Government Business Review : Review List the four basic functions of a computer. Retrieve/receive data. Store data. Process data. Output data. Review : Review List three forms of computer data. Text Sound Graphics Review : Review List at least three devices from which computers can retrieve or receive data. Some devices are … Keyboard. Mouse. Digital pen. Memory. Hard drive. Review : Review List at least three devices to which computers can store data. Some devices are … Hard drive. Floppy drive. CD-ROM drive. DVD drive. Review : Review List at least three devices to which computers can output data. Some devices are … Printer. Monitor. Speakers. Review : Review List at least four ways in which data is processed. Sorting Comparing Computing Locating Outside Tour : Outside Tour 2 Minimal Workstation Components : Minimal Workstation Components Input and output devices are called peripherals. Input device Computer Output device Exterior Connections : Exterior Connections RJ-45 PS/2 : PS/2 Referred to as the mini-DIN or PS/2 connector. Used for mouse and keyboard. Mouse must connect to mouse PS/2 port. Keyboard must connect to keyboard PS/2 port. USB : USB Allows USB devices to connect to PC in a daisy chain fashion or through a USB hub. Can connect up to 127 devices. Eliminates need to open case to install the device. USB Hub : USB Hub (Courtesy of Logitech.) USB hub FireWire : FireWire Designed for Apple computers by Lucent Technologies. Also known as IEEE 1394. Can connect up to 63 devices that can be hot swapped. Device bay is designed to accommodate hot-swap devices. Serial : Serial D-shell with 9 pins. Used to connect to external modems, and some printers and digital cameras. Being replaced by USB and FireWire. Parallel : Parallel D-shell with 15 pin connections. Typically used with printers. Being replaced by USB. VGA : VGA Stands for video graphics array. HD-15 connection. Game Joystick Port : Game Joystick Port D-shell, 15-pin, 2-row connection. Most game peripherals are USB or wireless devices. RJ-11 : RJ-11 Used for telephone modem connections. Uses four conductors and four pins. RJ-45 : RJ-45 Used for network connections. Uses eight conductors and eight pins. Review : Review List the three minimal workstation components. Input device Computer Output device Review : Review Identify the following DB connectors. Serial VGA Game Parallel = Pin = Hole Review : Review Name the following port and list the two devices which use this port. The port is called a mini-DIN or a PS/2. The keyboard and mouse connect to this port type; however, keyboard and mouse ports are not interchangeable. Review : Review Identify the following port. FireWire, or IEEE 1934 Review : Review Identify the following port. USB Review : Review Identify the following connectors and their purpose. RJ-45, used for network connections. RJ-11, used for telephone modem connections. Inside Tour : Inside Tour 3 Inside Components : Inside Components Power Supply : Power Supply Converts 120 volts of ac power to dc voltage levels used by various PC components. DC voltage levels are usually 3.3, 5, and 12. Hard Drive : Hard Drive The hard drive is used to store computer programs and data. Made of several disks which are stacked inside a sealed box. Data is transmitted through a data cable. CD-ROM / DVD Drive : CD-ROM / DVD Drive CD-ROM and DVD drives use the same types of data cable as the hard drive. Motherboard : Motherboard The motherboard provides the electrical energy paths to the computer components and expansion slots. CPU : CPU The central processing unit (CPU) carries out program code. The cooling fan mounts to CPU to assist in cooling. Random Access Memory : Random Access Memory Random access memory (RAM) is … Classified as volatile memory. The location where programs are loaded to from the hard drive. Mounted into several parallel slots on the motherboard. BIOS : BIOS Basic input/output system (BIOS) is a non-volatile memory chip called an EEPROM or Flash ROM. Consists of software programs that support the compatibility between the CPU and computer hardware. Includes the BIOS Setup program. CMOS : CMOS A complementary metal oxide semiconductor is … A volatile storage area, which stores the BIOS Setup program data. Located in the motherboard’s chipset. Powered by a battery. Expansion Cards and Slots : Expansion Cards and Slots Expansion cards enhance or expand a computer’s capabilities. Also called interface cards or adapter cards. Fit into expansion card slots. Review : Review Identify the following component. Power supply Review : Review Identify the following component. Hard drive Review : Review Identify the following components. Motherboard 4. Expansion card slots Memory slots 1. CPU 3. Cooling fan 2. Battery 5. 6. How ComputersCommunicate : How ComputersCommunicate 4 Analog : Analog Analog electronics use and produce varying voltage levels. Digital : Digital Digital electronics use and produce discrete voltage levels. Computer Data : Computer Data Can be expressed by voltage levels, numeric systems, and symbolic codes. Numeric systems: Binary number system. Hexadecimal number system. Symbolic codes: ASCII. Binary Number Code : Binary Number Code 0 + 64 + 32 + 16 + 0 + 0 + 2 + 0 = 114 Binary = 01110010 Decimal = 114 Hexadecimal Number Code : Hexadecimal Number Code Based on the number base 16. Uses 16 characters. Uses numerals 0–9 and characters A–F. Matches the hardware system of most computers. Data lines in a computer are 8, 16, 32, or 64 lines wide. Memory sizes are in increments of 8 and 16. Hexadecimal Numbers : Hexadecimal Numbers Hexadecimal Conversion : Hexadecimal Conversion Hex = 20 Decimal = 32 (16 x 2) + (1 x 0) = 32 (16 x A) + (1 x 4) = 164 Hex = A4 Decimal = 164 ASCII Code : ASCII Code American Standard Code for Information Interchange. First attempt to standardize computer character codes. Unique to certain systems, such as IBM. Must be used with compatible software. ASCII Code Chart : ASCII Code Chart Bits, Bytes, and Words : Bits, Bytes, and Words Serial and Parallel Data Transfer : Serial and Parallel Data Transfer Serial transfers one bit at a time. Parallel transfers multiple bits at a time. Computer Numerical Values : Computer Numerical Values Metric prefixes are commonly used to express speed and size of computer systems and hardware. Used in combination with the words bit (b) and byte (B): bps (bits per second). Bps (bytes per second). 256 MB (256 Megabytes). Metric Prefixes : Metric Prefixes Base 10 and Base 2 Comparisons : Base 10 and Base 2 Comparisons Use base 2 number system when referring to bits and bytes. Power-On Sequence : Power-On Sequence Ac power is converted to dc and distributed to the major components of the computer system. 1 BIOS checks components in the system to ensure they are in working order. This is called the power-on self-test (POST). 2 The operating system takes control of the system. 3 The CPU waits for activity. 4 Major Parts Working Together Example : Major Parts Working Together Example CPU waits for activity. 1 When a user opens a program, the program shares control with the CPU. 2 When a user saves data, the program issues the save command, and the operating system takes over and works with the BIOS to complete the operation. 3 The BIOS translates the save instructions to the disk system. 4 Control is returned to the operating system. 5 Review : Review Name three ways with which data can be expressed. Voltage levels. Number systems, such as binary and hexadecimal. ASCII code. Review : Review Describe the power-on sequence. Ac power is converted to dc and distributed to the major components of the computer system. BIOS checks components in the system to ensure they are in working order. This is called the power-on self-test (POST). The operating system takes control of the system. The CPU waits for activity. Review : Review Describe what happens when a user saves data. The program issues the save command, and the operating system takes over and works with the BIOS to complete the operation. The BIOS translates the save instructions to the disk system. Control is returned to the operating system. Review : Review What is the nominal value of 1 MB? 1,000,000 Review : Review What is the value of 1 MB based on the binary system? 1,048,576 (220) The PC Technician’sToolkit : The PC Technician’sToolkit 5 Anti-Static Wrist Strap : Anti-Static Wrist Strap Anti-static wrist strap protects against electrostatic discharge (ESD). One end of the strap is worn around the wrist—the other, the clip, is grounded. Tool Kit : Tool Kit Torx driver Extraction tools Star driver Screws Phillips screwdriver Flat tip screwdriver Software Tool Kit : Software Tool Kit Diagnostic software. Boot disks. Review : Review What is electrostatic discharge? Electrostatic discharge is the transfer of static electrical energy from one object to another. Review : Review Identify the following tools: Torx driver Extraction tools Star driver Screws Phillips screwdriver Flat tip screwdriver 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 1 2 5 6 4 3 Integrated Circuits : Integrated Circuits 6 Integrated Circuit (IC) : Integrated Circuit (IC) An integrated circuit is often referred to as a chip. A collection of transistors, resistors, and other electronic components on a piece of semiconductor material. Commonly found on circuit boards. Integrated circuit IC Manufacturing Process : IC Manufacturing Process Circuit is drawn on a large scale. The drawing is photographed. The negative of the photograph, called a photomask, is used in the IC manufacturing process. (Courtesy of International Business Systems Corporation.) IC Manufacturing Process (Cont.) : IC Manufacturing Process (Cont.) An ingot of pure silicon is sliced into thin wafers. A series of layers are produced over the silicon wafer using a process called photolithography. (Courtesy of International Business Systems Corporation.) IC Manufacturing Process (Cont.) : IC Manufacturing Process (Cont.) The negative of the photograph and an ultraviolet light are used to leave a pattern of the circuit on the photoresist of the wafer. The photoresist is washed away leaving an etched pattern on the wafer. (Courtesy of International Business Systems Corporation.) IC Manufacturing Process (Cont.) : IC Manufacturing Process (Cont.) The valleys of the etched pattern are filled with conductive material. This process is repeated until 20 or more layers are developed over the surface of the wafer. The wafer is cut into individual integrated circuits and then packaged. (Courtesy of International Business Systems Corporation.) Review : Review What is an integrated circuit (IC)? A collection of transistors, resistors, and other electronic components on a piece of semiconductor material. Review : Review What is a photomask? The negative of the photograph used in the IC manufacturing process. Review : Review What is a photoresist? A chemical applied to the surface of a silicon wafer during the photolithography process that reacts when exposed to ultraviolet light. Glossary : Glossary American Standard Code for Information Interchange (ASCII) : American Standard Code for Information Interchange (ASCII) The first attempt to standardize computer character codes among the varieties of hardware and software. Analog : Analog A system using a continuous, infinite range of values. Anti-Static Wrist Strap : Anti-Static Wrist Strap A strap, typically worn around the wrist, that connects the technician to ground and bleeds off any electrostatic charge. Basic Input/Output System (BIOS) : Basic Input/Output System (BIOS) Special firmware that permits the compatibility between the CPU and devices such as the hard drive, CD-ROM drive, and monitor. Battery : Battery The component that supplies voltage to the CMOS chip. Without the battery, the information stored in the CMOS would be lost every time the computer is shut off. Binary Number System : Binary Number System A system in which all numbers are expressed as combinations of 0 and 1. Also known as the base 2 number system. Bit : Bit Short for binary digit. A bit is a single binary unit of one or zero. Byte : Byte Equal to eight bits. Central Processing Unit (CPU) : Central Processing Unit (CPU) The brain of the computer where most of the computer’s calculating takes place. Also called a microprocessor. Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor : Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor The chip that stores the BIOS Setup program data. CompTIA : CompTIA A not-for-profit vendor-neutral organization that certifies the competency level of computer service technicians. CompTIA A+ Certification : CompTIA A+ Certification Certification awarded on successful completion of the CompTIA A+ exams. Computer : Computer An assemblage of electronic modules that interact with software to create, modify, transmit, store, and display data. Cooling Fan : Cooling Fan A fan that supplies a constant stream of air across the computer components. Data : Data Information that can be presented in alpha/numeric form (such as ABC or 123), visual form (pictures), and audible form (like music or voices). Device Bay : Device Bay A drive bay designed to accommodate the easy hot swap of devices such as hard disk drives, tape drives, CD-RW drives, and DVD drives. Digital : Digital A system that uses discrete values. Electrostatic Discharge (ESD) : Electrostatic Discharge (ESD) A release of energy (electrical current) created when an object with an electrostatic charge makes contact with a conductor. Expansion Cards : Expansion Cards A board that can be easily installed in a computer to enhance or expand its capabilities. Expansion Card Slots : Expansion Card Slots Receptacles for expansion cards which allow them to connect to the motherboard’s circuitry. Hard Drive : Hard Drive A magnetic storage device consisting of a set of magnetic disks and read/write heads housed inside a hard case. Hexadecimal Number System : Hexadecimal Number System A system in which all numbers are expressed in combinations of 16 alphanumeric characters (0–F). Also known as the base 16 number system. Hot Swap : Hot Swap To plug in or unplug a device while the PC is running. Integrated Circuit (IC) : Integrated Circuit (IC) A collection of transistors, resistors, and other electronic components reduced to an unbelievable small size on a piece of semiconductor material. Also called a chip. Motherboard : Motherboard A circuit board covered by a maze of conductors, which provide electrical current to the computer components and expansion slots. Also used to refer to the main circuit board and all of its electronic components (chipset). Parallel : Parallel Side-by-side. In parallel transfer, more than one bit of data is transferred at a time. Peripherals : Peripherals Optional equipment used to input or output data. Random Access Memory (RAM) : Random Access Memory (RAM) A volatile memory system into which programs are loaded. When the computer’s power is shut off, all data stored in RAM is lost. Serial : Serial Occurring one at a time. In serial transfer, data is transmitted one bit at a time. Word : Word The total amount of bytes a computer can process at one time. Discussion Question : Discussion Question Based on what you know about the function of computers, would you consider the following electronic items to be a computer? MP3 player. Game system. Flash drive. Discussion Question : Discussion Question How are computers used in the following places? Business. Government. Military. Education. Home. Discussion Question : Discussion Question What is 11001010 converted to decimal? Discussion Questions : Discussion Questions What is the numeric equivalent of a 2 GHz CPU? What is the numeric equivalent of 1 GB of memory? You do not have the permission to view this presentation. In order to view it, please contact the author of the presentation.
Introduction to a typical PC apagan34 Download Post to : URL : Related Presentations : Share Add to Flag Embed Email Send to Blogs and Networks Add to Channel Uploaded from authorPOINT lite Insert YouTube videos in PowerPont slides with aS Desktop Copy embed code: (To copy code, click on the text box) Embed: URL: Thumbnail: WordPress Embed Customize Embed The presentation is successfully added In Your Favorites. Views: 461 Category: Education License: All Rights Reserved Like it (0) Dislike it (0) Added: May 05, 2010 This Presentation is Public Favorites: 3 Presentation Description No description available. Comments Posting comment... By: kapil_joshi235689 (12 month(s) ago) Plz Let Me Download... Saving..... Post Reply Close Saving..... Edit Comment Close By: jmtuyau (13 month(s) ago) A good presentation. This can help others. Please send me a copy at jmtuyau@yahoo.com Saving..... Post Reply Close Saving..... Edit Comment Close Premium member Presentation Transcript Slide 1: PowerPoint for Computer Service and Repair by JoAnne Keltner Goodheart-Willcox Publisher 18604 West Creek Drive Tinley Park, IL 60477 www.g-w.com Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Permission granted to reproduce for educational purposes only. Chapter 1Introduction to a Typical PC : Chapter 1Introduction to a Typical PC Textbook Purpose : Textbook Purpose To provide you with the basic skills needed to be proficient in PC repair. To prepare you for the CompTIA A+ Certification exams. Who Is CompTIA? : Who Is CompTIA? CompTIA is a vendor-neutral, not-for-profit organization that provides certification in various areas of the IT industry. CompTIA A+ Certification is awarded on successful completion of two exams: A+ Essentials and one elective. CompTIA A+ 2006 Exams : CompTIA A+ 2006 Exams A+ Essentials IT Technician Remote Support Technician Depot Technician (220-602) (220-603) (220-604) One elective Required Chapter Purpose : Chapter Purpose To provide an overview of the PC. Inside/outside components. How computers communicate internally. To introduce you to the common tools used by the PC technician. Importance to the PC Technician : Importance to the PC Technician This chapter provides introductory knowledge and an overview of the computer system before going in depth at a technician level. This overview will give you the “big picture.” Objectives : Objectives Explain the role of computers. Explain what a computer is. Describe computer data. Identify the major components of a typical PC. Describe the power-on sequence of a typical PC. Objectives : Objectives Explain how the major components interact with each other. Interpret the common prefixes associated with the computer’s size and speed. Define electrostatic discharge. Identify common tools used to service a PC. Presentation Outline : Presentation Outline What Is a Computer? Outside Tour Inside Tour How Computers Communicate The PC Technician’s Toolkit 1 2 3 4 5 Integrated Circuits 6 What Is a Computer? : What Is a Computer? 1 Computer Functions : Computer Functions Process data Retrieve/ receive data Store data Output data Click each link for details. Data : Data MP3, WAV, MIDI PNG, TIF, JPG TXT, DOC (Courtesy of Union Tools, Inc.) Retrieve/Receive : Retrieve/Receive Retrieve from storage devices or from memory (Courtesy of Seagate and Kingston Technology.) (Courtesy of Logitech.) Store : Store Data is typically stored magnetically or optically onto storage media. Magnetic Storage Devices and Media Optical Storage Devices and Media (Courtesy of Seagate.) Process : Process Sort Compare Compute Locate + _ x ÷ = ≠ ≤ ≥ Output : Output Some of the ways to output data are through … Printers Speakers Monitors (Courtesy of Logitech.) (Reprinted with permission from ViewSonic Corporation.) Examples of Computers : Examples of Computers Handheld Tablet Personal Computer (Courtesy of International Business Systems Corporation.) Mainframe (Reprinted with permission from ViewSonic Corporation.) (Reprinted with permission from ViewSonic Corporation.) Computers Can Be Found In … : Computers Can Be Found In … Military Home Education Government Business Review : Review List the four basic functions of a computer. Retrieve/receive data. Store data. Process data. Output data. Review : Review List three forms of computer data. Text Sound Graphics Review : Review List at least three devices from which computers can retrieve or receive data. Some devices are … Keyboard. Mouse. Digital pen. Memory. Hard drive. Review : Review List at least three devices to which computers can store data. Some devices are … Hard drive. Floppy drive. CD-ROM drive. DVD drive. Review : Review List at least three devices to which computers can output data. Some devices are … Printer. Monitor. Speakers. Review : Review List at least four ways in which data is processed. Sorting Comparing Computing Locating Outside Tour : Outside Tour 2 Minimal Workstation Components : Minimal Workstation Components Input and output devices are called peripherals. Input device Computer Output device Exterior Connections : Exterior Connections RJ-45 PS/2 : PS/2 Referred to as the mini-DIN or PS/2 connector. Used for mouse and keyboard. Mouse must connect to mouse PS/2 port. Keyboard must connect to keyboard PS/2 port. USB : USB Allows USB devices to connect to PC in a daisy chain fashion or through a USB hub. Can connect up to 127 devices. Eliminates need to open case to install the device. USB Hub : USB Hub (Courtesy of Logitech.) USB hub FireWire : FireWire Designed for Apple computers by Lucent Technologies. Also known as IEEE 1394. Can connect up to 63 devices that can be hot swapped. Device bay is designed to accommodate hot-swap devices. Serial : Serial D-shell with 9 pins. Used to connect to external modems, and some printers and digital cameras. Being replaced by USB and FireWire. Parallel : Parallel D-shell with 15 pin connections. Typically used with printers. Being replaced by USB. VGA : VGA Stands for video graphics array. HD-15 connection. Game Joystick Port : Game Joystick Port D-shell, 15-pin, 2-row connection. Most game peripherals are USB or wireless devices. RJ-11 : RJ-11 Used for telephone modem connections. Uses four conductors and four pins. RJ-45 : RJ-45 Used for network connections. Uses eight conductors and eight pins. Review : Review List the three minimal workstation components. Input device Computer Output device Review : Review Identify the following DB connectors. Serial VGA Game Parallel = Pin = Hole Review : Review Name the following port and list the two devices which use this port. The port is called a mini-DIN or a PS/2. The keyboard and mouse connect to this port type; however, keyboard and mouse ports are not interchangeable. Review : Review Identify the following port. FireWire, or IEEE 1934 Review : Review Identify the following port. USB Review : Review Identify the following connectors and their purpose. RJ-45, used for network connections. RJ-11, used for telephone modem connections. Inside Tour : Inside Tour 3 Inside Components : Inside Components Power Supply : Power Supply Converts 120 volts of ac power to dc voltage levels used by various PC components. DC voltage levels are usually 3.3, 5, and 12. Hard Drive : Hard Drive The hard drive is used to store computer programs and data. Made of several disks which are stacked inside a sealed box. Data is transmitted through a data cable. CD-ROM / DVD Drive : CD-ROM / DVD Drive CD-ROM and DVD drives use the same types of data cable as the hard drive. Motherboard : Motherboard The motherboard provides the electrical energy paths to the computer components and expansion slots. CPU : CPU The central processing unit (CPU) carries out program code. The cooling fan mounts to CPU to assist in cooling. Random Access Memory : Random Access Memory Random access memory (RAM) is … Classified as volatile memory. The location where programs are loaded to from the hard drive. Mounted into several parallel slots on the motherboard. BIOS : BIOS Basic input/output system (BIOS) is a non-volatile memory chip called an EEPROM or Flash ROM. Consists of software programs that support the compatibility between the CPU and computer hardware. Includes the BIOS Setup program. CMOS : CMOS A complementary metal oxide semiconductor is … A volatile storage area, which stores the BIOS Setup program data. Located in the motherboard’s chipset. Powered by a battery. Expansion Cards and Slots : Expansion Cards and Slots Expansion cards enhance or expand a computer’s capabilities. Also called interface cards or adapter cards. Fit into expansion card slots. Review : Review Identify the following component. Power supply Review : Review Identify the following component. Hard drive Review : Review Identify the following components. Motherboard 4. Expansion card slots Memory slots 1. CPU 3. Cooling fan 2. Battery 5. 6. How ComputersCommunicate : How ComputersCommunicate 4 Analog : Analog Analog electronics use and produce varying voltage levels. Digital : Digital Digital electronics use and produce discrete voltage levels. Computer Data : Computer Data Can be expressed by voltage levels, numeric systems, and symbolic codes. Numeric systems: Binary number system. Hexadecimal number system. Symbolic codes: ASCII. Binary Number Code : Binary Number Code 0 + 64 + 32 + 16 + 0 + 0 + 2 + 0 = 114 Binary = 01110010 Decimal = 114 Hexadecimal Number Code : Hexadecimal Number Code Based on the number base 16. Uses 16 characters. Uses numerals 0–9 and characters A–F. Matches the hardware system of most computers. Data lines in a computer are 8, 16, 32, or 64 lines wide. Memory sizes are in increments of 8 and 16. Hexadecimal Numbers : Hexadecimal Numbers Hexadecimal Conversion : Hexadecimal Conversion Hex = 20 Decimal = 32 (16 x 2) + (1 x 0) = 32 (16 x A) + (1 x 4) = 164 Hex = A4 Decimal = 164 ASCII Code : ASCII Code American Standard Code for Information Interchange. First attempt to standardize computer character codes. Unique to certain systems, such as IBM. Must be used with compatible software. ASCII Code Chart : ASCII Code Chart Bits, Bytes, and Words : Bits, Bytes, and Words Serial and Parallel Data Transfer : Serial and Parallel Data Transfer Serial transfers one bit at a time. Parallel transfers multiple bits at a time. Computer Numerical Values : Computer Numerical Values Metric prefixes are commonly used to express speed and size of computer systems and hardware. Used in combination with the words bit (b) and byte (B): bps (bits per second). Bps (bytes per second). 256 MB (256 Megabytes). Metric Prefixes : Metric Prefixes Base 10 and Base 2 Comparisons : Base 10 and Base 2 Comparisons Use base 2 number system when referring to bits and bytes. Power-On Sequence : Power-On Sequence Ac power is converted to dc and distributed to the major components of the computer system. 1 BIOS checks components in the system to ensure they are in working order. This is called the power-on self-test (POST). 2 The operating system takes control of the system. 3 The CPU waits for activity. 4 Major Parts Working Together Example : Major Parts Working Together Example CPU waits for activity. 1 When a user opens a program, the program shares control with the CPU. 2 When a user saves data, the program issues the save command, and the operating system takes over and works with the BIOS to complete the operation. 3 The BIOS translates the save instructions to the disk system. 4 Control is returned to the operating system. 5 Review : Review Name three ways with which data can be expressed. Voltage levels. Number systems, such as binary and hexadecimal. ASCII code. Review : Review Describe the power-on sequence. Ac power is converted to dc and distributed to the major components of the computer system. BIOS checks components in the system to ensure they are in working order. This is called the power-on self-test (POST). The operating system takes control of the system. The CPU waits for activity. Review : Review Describe what happens when a user saves data. The program issues the save command, and the operating system takes over and works with the BIOS to complete the operation. The BIOS translates the save instructions to the disk system. Control is returned to the operating system. Review : Review What is the nominal value of 1 MB? 1,000,000 Review : Review What is the value of 1 MB based on the binary system? 1,048,576 (220) The PC Technician’sToolkit : The PC Technician’sToolkit 5 Anti-Static Wrist Strap : Anti-Static Wrist Strap Anti-static wrist strap protects against electrostatic discharge (ESD). One end of the strap is worn around the wrist—the other, the clip, is grounded. Tool Kit : Tool Kit Torx driver Extraction tools Star driver Screws Phillips screwdriver Flat tip screwdriver Software Tool Kit : Software Tool Kit Diagnostic software. Boot disks. Review : Review What is electrostatic discharge? Electrostatic discharge is the transfer of static electrical energy from one object to another. Review : Review Identify the following tools: Torx driver Extraction tools Star driver Screws Phillips screwdriver Flat tip screwdriver 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 1 2 5 6 4 3 Integrated Circuits : Integrated Circuits 6 Integrated Circuit (IC) : Integrated Circuit (IC) An integrated circuit is often referred to as a chip. A collection of transistors, resistors, and other electronic components on a piece of semiconductor material. Commonly found on circuit boards. Integrated circuit IC Manufacturing Process : IC Manufacturing Process Circuit is drawn on a large scale. The drawing is photographed. The negative of the photograph, called a photomask, is used in the IC manufacturing process. (Courtesy of International Business Systems Corporation.) IC Manufacturing Process (Cont.) : IC Manufacturing Process (Cont.) An ingot of pure silicon is sliced into thin wafers. A series of layers are produced over the silicon wafer using a process called photolithography. (Courtesy of International Business Systems Corporation.) IC Manufacturing Process (Cont.) : IC Manufacturing Process (Cont.) The negative of the photograph and an ultraviolet light are used to leave a pattern of the circuit on the photoresist of the wafer. The photoresist is washed away leaving an etched pattern on the wafer. (Courtesy of International Business Systems Corporation.) IC Manufacturing Process (Cont.) : IC Manufacturing Process (Cont.) The valleys of the etched pattern are filled with conductive material. This process is repeated until 20 or more layers are developed over the surface of the wafer. The wafer is cut into individual integrated circuits and then packaged. (Courtesy of International Business Systems Corporation.) Review : Review What is an integrated circuit (IC)? A collection of transistors, resistors, and other electronic components on a piece of semiconductor material. Review : Review What is a photomask? The negative of the photograph used in the IC manufacturing process. Review : Review What is a photoresist? A chemical applied to the surface of a silicon wafer during the photolithography process that reacts when exposed to ultraviolet light. Glossary : Glossary American Standard Code for Information Interchange (ASCII) : American Standard Code for Information Interchange (ASCII) The first attempt to standardize computer character codes among the varieties of hardware and software. Analog : Analog A system using a continuous, infinite range of values. Anti-Static Wrist Strap : Anti-Static Wrist Strap A strap, typically worn around the wrist, that connects the technician to ground and bleeds off any electrostatic charge. Basic Input/Output System (BIOS) : Basic Input/Output System (BIOS) Special firmware that permits the compatibility between the CPU and devices such as the hard drive, CD-ROM drive, and monitor. Battery : Battery The component that supplies voltage to the CMOS chip. Without the battery, the information stored in the CMOS would be lost every time the computer is shut off. Binary Number System : Binary Number System A system in which all numbers are expressed as combinations of 0 and 1. Also known as the base 2 number system. Bit : Bit Short for binary digit. A bit is a single binary unit of one or zero. Byte : Byte Equal to eight bits. Central Processing Unit (CPU) : Central Processing Unit (CPU) The brain of the computer where most of the computer’s calculating takes place. Also called a microprocessor. Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor : Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor The chip that stores the BIOS Setup program data. CompTIA : CompTIA A not-for-profit vendor-neutral organization that certifies the competency level of computer service technicians. CompTIA A+ Certification : CompTIA A+ Certification Certification awarded on successful completion of the CompTIA A+ exams. Computer : Computer An assemblage of electronic modules that interact with software to create, modify, transmit, store, and display data. Cooling Fan : Cooling Fan A fan that supplies a constant stream of air across the computer components. Data : Data Information that can be presented in alpha/numeric form (such as ABC or 123), visual form (pictures), and audible form (like music or voices). Device Bay : Device Bay A drive bay designed to accommodate the easy hot swap of devices such as hard disk drives, tape drives, CD-RW drives, and DVD drives. Digital : Digital A system that uses discrete values. Electrostatic Discharge (ESD) : Electrostatic Discharge (ESD) A release of energy (electrical current) created when an object with an electrostatic charge makes contact with a conductor. Expansion Cards : Expansion Cards A board that can be easily installed in a computer to enhance or expand its capabilities. Expansion Card Slots : Expansion Card Slots Receptacles for expansion cards which allow them to connect to the motherboard’s circuitry. Hard Drive : Hard Drive A magnetic storage device consisting of a set of magnetic disks and read/write heads housed inside a hard case. Hexadecimal Number System : Hexadecimal Number System A system in which all numbers are expressed in combinations of 16 alphanumeric characters (0–F). Also known as the base 16 number system. Hot Swap : Hot Swap To plug in or unplug a device while the PC is running. Integrated Circuit (IC) : Integrated Circuit (IC) A collection of transistors, resistors, and other electronic components reduced to an unbelievable small size on a piece of semiconductor material. Also called a chip. Motherboard : Motherboard A circuit board covered by a maze of conductors, which provide electrical current to the computer components and expansion slots. Also used to refer to the main circuit board and all of its electronic components (chipset). Parallel : Parallel Side-by-side. In parallel transfer, more than one bit of data is transferred at a time. Peripherals : Peripherals Optional equipment used to input or output data. Random Access Memory (RAM) : Random Access Memory (RAM) A volatile memory system into which programs are loaded. When the computer’s power is shut off, all data stored in RAM is lost. Serial : Serial Occurring one at a time. In serial transfer, data is transmitted one bit at a time. Word : Word The total amount of bytes a computer can process at one time. Discussion Question : Discussion Question Based on what you know about the function of computers, would you consider the following electronic items to be a computer? MP3 player. Game system. Flash drive. Discussion Question : Discussion Question How are computers used in the following places? Business. Government. Military. Education. Home. Discussion Question : Discussion Question What is 11001010 converted to decimal? Discussion Questions : Discussion Questions What is the numeric equivalent of a 2 GHz CPU? What is the numeric equivalent of 1 GB of memory?