THE 4 UNIVERSAL PRECAUTIONS TO PREVENT INFECTION: :
THE 4 UNIVERSAL PRECAUTIONS TO PREVENT INFECTION: Wash your hands before and after procedures Cover your nose when you sneeze cover your mouth when you cough Wearing personal protective equipment Not working with residents when you are ill
INFECTION CONTROL:
INFECTION CONTROL To protect the body from infection it is important to understand how micro organisms spread. The way germs spread is through THE CHAIN OF INFECTION which has 6 links. THE LINKS ARE AS FOLLOWS: INFECTIOUS AGENT : The micro organism, germ or pathogen. RESERVOIR : Where the micro organisms grow and reproduce. EXIT PORTAL : Route of escape for micro organisms. A portal is an opening on the body associated with the reservoir, such as the mouth, the anus, or an open wound. MODE OF TRANSMISSION : Method by which micro organisms spread. A micro organism in the lungs, throat, or mouth could escape from the body of one person through coughing and be inhaled by another person. If the micro organism lives in the bowels it may be transmitted through a bowel movement. ENTRY PORTAL : Routes of entry for micro organisms. Inhaling droplets expelled by a person who has a communicable disease and eating food prepared by a food service employee who has an intestinal infection and does not practice correct hand washing techniques after using the toilet are examples of the portals of the nose and mouth. SUSCEPTIBLE HOST : A person whose natural defences against infection are weakened. Physical changes occur that can weaken the body’s defences against micro organisms. These changes place the body at risk for infection. The following physical changes reduce the body’s resistance to disease – causing organisms.
PPE (Personal Protective Equipment):
PPE (Personal Protective Equipment) GOWN/ APRON: A gown or apron must be worn when it is likely that moist bodily substances will soil your uniform or skin. Transmission of infection through clothing rarely occurs, but the gowns and plastic aprons protect your skin and uniform from being spattered and possibly infected by bodily substances. You should wear an apron when bathing a resident or removing a residents bed pan, or changing a residents pad. A gown will provide protection when caring for a resident who is vomiting or coughing up large amounts of waste material.
MANUAL HANDLING:
MANUAL HANDLING Assisting a client in transferring out of a wheelchair. Back the wheelchair so that the front casters swivel forwards. Make sure that both the brakes are on. Fold up both footplates and swing them to the sides, out of the way. If possible, get another person to hold the handles of the wheelchair so that it will not move. If this is not possible then stand behind the chair and hold the handles yourself. Ask the client to move forwards on the seat. Ask the client to place both feet firmly on the ground, slightly apart and with one foot further back. Ask the client to place both hands on the front of the armrests, then get them to lean forwards with their head and shoulders over their knees to give balance. From this position they should be able to push themselves to standing. Always encourage the client to take their time with each step of the procedure.
EQUIPMENT:
EQUIPMENT Pivot or Banana Slings are designed to attach to a pivot frame instead of a spreader bar. A banana sling and pivot frame enable the carer to change the user’s posture (e.g. from lying to sitting) during the lift and to remain standing in front of the user or beside the hoist. Access or Toileting Slings are designed to leave the waist and buttocks open for ease of fitting, access to clothing, and for toileting in the sling. They have long split leg sections which provide support under the thighs and a narrow back support section. Toileting slings are not suitable for lifting individuals who require full body or head support. Hammock Slings are a continuous piece of material designed to support the back, hips and thighs. Amputee Slings provide full support under the thighs to prevent slipping through, but can be difficult to fit from a sitting position. Band Slings consist of two bands of material; one passed under the user’s knees, the other passed under their armpits. Band slings are very quick and easy to fit but are only suitable for individuals who do not need full body support. They are unsuitable for individuals with shoulder problems. Stand Up Slings are available in two main types: 1. Toileting slings, which support the user under the armpits and around upper to mid back level and are suited to more active users. 2. Transfer slings which support the user in a sitting posture
PowerPoint Presentation:
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