Energy and Nanotechnology :
Energy and Nanotechnology
Sources :
Sources
Nano for Energy :
Nano for Energy Increased surface area
Interface and size effects
Nanoscience Research for Energy Needs :
Nanoscience Research for Energy Needs Catalysis by nanoscale materials
Using interfaces to manipulate energy carriers
Linking structures and function at the nanoscale
Assembly and architecture of nanoscale structures
Theory, modeling, and simulation for energy nanosciences
Scalable synthesis methods National Nanotechnology Initiative Grand Challenge Workshop, March, 2004
Examples :
Examples Grätzel cell for photovoltaic generation and water splitting Catalytic nanostructured
hydrogen storage materials Radiation transport to maximize absorption
Two phase flow
Electrochemical transport
Multiscale, multiphysics transport Mass transport
Heat transfer (intake and release)
Small scale thermodynamics
Two phase flow
Multiscale and multiphysics
Thermoelectrics Devices :
Thermoelectrics Devices Figure of Merit: Thermal Conductivity Electrical
Conductivity Seebeck
Coefficient Critical Challenges: Reduce phonon heat conduction while
maintaining or enhancing electron transport Electron Phonon Power Generation:
T(hot)=500 C, T (cold)=50 C
ZT=1, Efficiency = 8 %
ZT=3, Efficiency =17 %
ZT=5, Efficiency =22 % Refrigeration
Nanoscale Effects for Thermoelectrics :
Nanoscale Effects for Thermoelectrics Electron Phonon Interfaces that Scatter Phonons but not Electrons Molecular Dynamics (Freund)
State-of-the-Art in Thermoelectrics :
State-of-the-Art in Thermoelectrics
Potential Applications :
In US, transportation uses ~26% of total energy. Potential Applications Transportation
Challenges and Opportunities :
Challenges and Opportunities Mass production of nanomaterials
Energy systems: high heat flux