What is Nanotechnology? :What is Nanotechnology?


Nanotechnology is ... :Nanotechnology is ... Field of applied science whose theme is the control of matter on an atomic and molecular scale. CopyRights @ Ankush Bagga 3


How Small Is The Nano Scale? :How Small Is The Nano Scale? One nanometer (nm) is one billionth, or 10-9 of a meter. One human hair(cross section) is about 100,000 nanometers. Larger than Nanoscale is the microscale, and smaller than that is the atomic scale. CopyRights @ Ankush Bagga 4


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Slide 6:History …


Slide 7:"There's Plenty of Room at the Bottom“ Richard Feynman won a Nobel Prize for "fundamental work in quantum electrode CopyRights @ Ankush Bagga 7


Slide 8:In 1985, researchers reported the discovery of the "buckyball," a round molecule consisting of 60 carbon atoms. This led in turn to the 1991 discovery of a related molecular shape known as the "carbon nanotube" CopyRights @ Ankush Bagga 8


Carbon Nanotubes … :Carbon Nanotubes … Carbon nanotubes are molecular-scale tubes of graphitic carbon with outstanding properties. Length-to-diameter ratio greater than 1,000,000 The animation of a rotating carbon nanotube showing its 3D structure. CopyRights @ Ankush Bagga 9


The Structure of Nanotechnology :The Structure of Nanotechnology


Nanotechnology depends upon ... :Nanotechnology depends upon ... Physics Chemistry Biology CopyRights @ Ankush Bagga 11


Slide 12:Computer Science Electrical Engineering Mechanical Engineering CopyRights @ Ankush Bagga 12


APPROACHES :APPROACHES Bottom-up: Materials and devices are built from molecular components which assemble themselves chemically by principles of molecular recognition. Top-down: Nano-objects are constructed from larger entities without atomic-level control. CopyRights @ Ankush Bagga 13


Impact on Everyday Life :Impact on Everyday Life Nanotechnology was seen to have the second greatest impact, trailing only genetic engineering. Nanotechnology - The control of extremely small, sub-atomic matter: 22% CopyRights @ Ankush Bagga 14


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Slide 17:The first program involving nanotechnology was offered by the University of Toronto Bachelor of Science in Nanotechnology, Master of Science in Nanotechnology, and PhD in Nanotechnology. CopyRights @ Ankush Bagga 17


NanoXplorer IDE … :NanoXplorer IDE … The nanoXplorer IDE application provides an integrated set of tools for designing, visualizing and simulating nanoscale components and devices, as well as researching nanotechnology in general. It is the essential software resource for nanotechnology workgroups.


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APPLICATIONS … :APPLICATIONS …


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MEDICINE :MEDICINE Nanomedicine Nanoshells Nano gels CopyRights @ Ankush Bagga 23


NANO ROBOTS :NANO ROBOTS Nanorobotics is the technology of creating machines or robots at or close to the microscopic scale of a nanometres (10-9 metres).


CANCER TREATMENT :CANCER TREATMENT Cancer cells can be killed without the painfull side effects of chemotherapy. QuantumDot. Scientists may now be able to destroy tumors without killing healthy cells at the same time. CopyRights @ Ankush Bagga 25


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Space Benefits of Nanotechnology :Space Benefits of Nanotechnology Improvement in shuttles Benefits to the Astronauts Cheaper space flights Nano satellites CopyRights @ Ankush Bagga 28


Improving Shuttles :Improving Shuttles Much Lighter in weight and smaller in size Nano sensors and Nano robots Use of Laser sails Micro and Nano-rovers for planetary exploitation CopyRights @ Ankush Bagga 29


Columbia Tragedy :Columbia Tragedy February 1, 2003 Columbia Space Shuttle disintegrated on its descend back to Earth First indication was the loss of temperature sensors on the left wing Foam struck the left wing There was loss of tire pressure warnings on the left main gear Indication of excessive structural heating CopyRights @ Ankush Bagga 30


Solution to Columbia Space Shuttle :Solution to Columbia Space Shuttle Biosensors Sensing device with a biological or biologically derived sensing element which is integrated with a physical transducer. Fabrication of overall space shuttle material that can Withstand 1000 degrees Celsius Nano sensors and Nano rovers with enhanced monitoring and efficient control of propulsion systems, life support, and higher mission success rates CopyRights @ Ankush Bagga 31


Nanotechnology for Astronauts :Nanotechnology for Astronauts Space suits Nano food CopyRights @ Ankush Bagga 32


Nanofood !?! :Nanofood !?! Preservation of food without refrigeration Protection of food from bacteria and diseases Lighter foods!!! CopyRights @ Ankush Bagga 33


Proposed Ideas :Proposed Ideas Nano Satellites Space Elevator Solar Sails CopyRights @ Ankush Bagga 34


NANO SATELLITES :NANO SATELLITES Nano satellites will be 90% lighter With much greater strength Greater safety margin due to the use of Diamondiod Fibres that NT can produce CopyRights @ Ankush Bagga 35


CARBON NANOTUBE :CARBON NANOTUBE Stiffest and strongest fibres known, with remarkable electronic properties and unique characteristics. They are the result of synthesis of buckminsterfullerene ,C60 and other fullerenes. CopyRights @ Ankush Bagga 36


SPACE ELEVATOR :SPACE ELEVATOR Is a proposed structure designed to transport material from celestial body’s surface into space. A tensile structure would be held in tension between earth and the counterweight in space, like a guitar string held taut. CopyRights @ Ankush Bagga 37


Space Elevator :Space Elevator CopyRights @ Ankush Bagga 38


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NANO IN DEFENCE :NANO IN DEFENCE Fundamental Change in the Way Structures and Electronics Are Made Promise of Lighter Weight and Higher Strength Structures Promise of Smaller, Faster Electronic Devices (Molecularelectronics) CopyRights @ Ankush Bagga 40


NANO IN DEFENCE :NANO IN DEFENCE Promise of New Types of Sensors, Smaller and More Accurate Multifunctional Materials CopyRights @ Ankush Bagga 41


NANO IN DEFENCE :NANO IN DEFENCE Improved weapons Conventional structural materials could be replaced by more rigid and lighter materials. CopyRights @ Ankush Bagga 42


Nano Technology in Electronics :Nano Technology in Electronics CopyRights @ Ankush Bagga 43


Electronics :Electronics Improving display screens on electronics devices. Memory chip with a projected density of one terabyte of memory per square inch or greater. Reducing the size of transistors used in integrated circuits. CopyRights @ Ankush Bagga 44


Carbon Nanotubes in Display Devices :Carbon Nanotubes in Display Devices Replacement of cathode ray tube (CRT) technology by electron-producing carbon nanotubes. Carbon nanotubes are also likely to be used in IT. These tubes can be either conducting or semiconducting and have the potential for memory and storage as well CopyRights @ Ankush Bagga 45


Computers :Computers Role in new logic and storage technologies Magnetic RAMs and resonant tunnel elements in logical circuits in the near future. Memory chip with a projected density of one terabyte of memory per square inch or greater. CopyRights @ Ankush Bagga 46


Computers :Nano scale Transistors Precision, abstraction, and high-throughput production of components—that will also be found in molecular manufacturing systems. Computers CopyRights @ Ankush Bagga 47


Energy :Energy Nanotechnological materials in solar cells and fuel cells). Nanotechnology materials which are superconducting at room temperatures to reduce the high transmission losses in our centralised energy supply. Nanomaterials can be used to improve the capacity of batteries. CopyRights @ Ankush Bagga 48


Energy :Solar Plastics Nanoscale powders Energy CopyRights @ Ankush Bagga 49


Chemical Industry :Chemical Industry Catalytic nanoparticles Can be used to increase the efficiency of energy conversion The use of nanotechnological materials in solar cells and fuel cells. Can be used to improve the capacity of batteries. CopyRights @ Ankush Bagga 50


Nanotechnology Consumer Products :Nanotechnology Consumer Products Pants that repel water Clothes that keep you cool in summer and warm in winter Integration of nanobots to give an article of clothing the capability to mend itself. Man made skin used for skin graft applications CopyRights @ Ankush Bagga 51


13th Conference On Advanced Nanotechnology (goals) :13th Conference On Advanced Nanotechnology (goals) Meeting global energy needs with clean solutions Providing abundant clean water globally Enabling the development of space CopyRights @ Ankush Bagga 52


13th Conference On Advanced Nanotechnology (goals) :Maximizing the productivity of agriculture Making powerful information technology available everywhere Making electronics and computers items faster and cheaper 13th Conference On Advanced Nanotechnology (goals) CopyRights @ Ankush Bagga 53


Risks … :Risks …


Health Risks :Health Risks Ultrafine particles can catalyze chemical reactions in the body Carbon nanotubes can cause infection of lungs They could easily cross the blood-brain barrier, a membrane that protects the brain from harmful chemicals in the bloodstream. CopyRights @ Ankush Bagga 55


Social and Ethical risks :Social and Ethical risks More powerful weapons Two races of people Fear of Grey Goo What happens to all the manufacturing jobs? CopyRights @ Ankush Bagga 56


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Slide 58:Samsung silverCare A washing machine that inhibits bacterial growth on the clothes it washes .. on the market CopyRights @ Ankush Bagga 58


Slide 59:Contact lens that let you check your blood sugar level by looking in a mirror. (coming in 5 years) Intelligent nanocoatings for windows that reflect solar heat in the summer and transmit it in winter. CopyRights @ Ankush Bagga 59


Nano improved Tennis Rackets :Nano improved Tennis Rackets Nano improved golf balls CopyRights @ Ankush Bagga 60


Slide 61:Automobile fuel lines made with carbon nanotubes inhibit static electricity and reduce the risk of explosions.(these are on the market today, and 60% of cars have these fuel lines) Solar roads - able to make solar cells strong enough to surface roads. Enough solar energy for everyone, and no need for space wasteing solar energy farms. CopyRights @ Ankush Bagga 61


Slide 62:Nano Fuel Cells Companies are now using nanotechnology to create lighter and longer lasting fuel cells. The companies working on this type of fuel are using methanol as a fuel and are calling them DMFC’s. available in markets ... CopyRights @ Ankush Bagga 62


Slide 63:NT could make LCDs brighter, thinner, amd cheaper Nano-sized polarizers could significantly enhance the contrast ratio in liquid crystal displays (LCDs) CopyRights @ Ankush Bagga 63


Nanonets :Nanonets Networks of carbon nanotubes enable numerous basic electronic functions at low cost. The durable nature of nanonets make them suitable to portable devices, like: Electronic paper Flexible touch screens Solar cells Sensors CopyRights @ Ankush Bagga 64


Slide 65:In the future, you might be reading on foldable electronic paper, according to an American scientist. Built from thousands of single walled carbon nanotubes. CopyRights @ Ankush Bagga 65


The Nanotechnology Revolution is Underway :The Nanotechnology Revolution is Underway New technologies and products: on the way to become the FIRST trillion dollar market by 2015 Materials beyond chemistry: $340 B/y Electronics: over $300 B/y Pharmaceuticals: $180 B/y Chemicals (catalysts): $100 B/y Aerospace: ~$70 B/y Tools: ~$22 B/y New jobs: ~2 million nanotechnology workers CopyRights @ Ankush Bagga 66


Coming Technologies :Coming Technologies Nanotechnology soon to be replaced by: Picotechnology or even Femtotechnology CopyRights @ Ankush Bagga 67


References ... :References ... WebSites: www.authorstream.com www.managedcaremag.com www.smalltimes.com www.nanotitan.com www.bowlesphysics.com Applications:Adobe Photoshop Macromedia Flash CopyRights @ Ankush Bagga 68