Presentation Transcript
What is Nanotechnology? :What is Nanotechnology?
Nanotechnology is ... :Nanotechnology is ... Field of applied science whose theme is the control of matter on an atomic and molecular scale. CopyRights @ Ankush Bagga 3
How Small Is The Nano Scale? :How Small Is The Nano Scale? One nanometer (nm) is one billionth, or
10-9 of a meter.
One human hair(cross section) is about 100,000 nanometers.
Larger than Nanoscale is the microscale, and smaller than that is the atomic scale. CopyRights @ Ankush Bagga 4
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Slide 6:History …
Slide 7:"There's Plenty of Room at the Bottom“
Richard Feynman won a Nobel Prize for "fundamental work in quantum electrode CopyRights @ Ankush Bagga 7
Slide 8:In 1985, researchers reported the discovery of the "buckyball," a round molecule consisting of 60 carbon atoms. This led in turn to the 1991 discovery of a related molecular shape known as the "carbon nanotube" CopyRights @ Ankush Bagga 8
Carbon Nanotubes … :Carbon Nanotubes … Carbon nanotubes are molecular-scale tubes of graphitic carbon with outstanding properties.
Length-to-diameter ratio greater than 1,000,000 The animation of a rotating carbon nanotube showing its 3D structure. CopyRights @ Ankush Bagga 9
The Structure of Nanotechnology :The Structure of Nanotechnology
Nanotechnology depends upon ... :Nanotechnology depends upon ... Physics
Chemistry
Biology CopyRights @ Ankush Bagga 11
Slide 12:Computer Science
Electrical Engineering
Mechanical Engineering CopyRights @ Ankush Bagga 12
APPROACHES :APPROACHES Bottom-up: Materials and devices are built from molecular components which assemble themselves chemically by principles of molecular recognition.
Top-down: Nano-objects are constructed from larger entities without atomic-level control. CopyRights @ Ankush Bagga 13
Impact on Everyday Life :Impact on Everyday Life Nanotechnology was seen to have the second greatest impact, trailing only genetic engineering.
Nanotechnology - The control of extremely small, sub-atomic matter: 22% CopyRights @ Ankush Bagga 14
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Slide 17:The first program involving nanotechnology was offered by the University of Toronto
Bachelor of Science in Nanotechnology, Master of Science in Nanotechnology, and PhD in Nanotechnology. CopyRights @ Ankush Bagga 17
NanoXplorer IDE … :NanoXplorer IDE … The nanoXplorer IDE application provides an integrated set of tools for designing, visualizing and simulating nanoscale components and devices, as well as researching nanotechnology in general. It is the essential software resource for nanotechnology workgroups.
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APPLICATIONS … :APPLICATIONS …
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MEDICINE :MEDICINE Nanomedicine
Nanoshells
Nano gels CopyRights @ Ankush Bagga 23
NANO ROBOTS :NANO ROBOTS Nanorobotics is the technology of creating machines or robots at or close to the microscopic scale of a nanometres (10-9 metres).
CANCER TREATMENT :CANCER TREATMENT Cancer cells can be killed without the painfull side effects of chemotherapy.
QuantumDot.
Scientists may now be able to destroy
tumors without killing healthy cells at the same time. CopyRights @ Ankush Bagga 25
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Space Benefits of Nanotechnology :Space Benefits of Nanotechnology Improvement in shuttles
Benefits to the Astronauts
Cheaper space flights
Nano satellites CopyRights @ Ankush Bagga 28
Improving Shuttles :Improving Shuttles Much Lighter in weight and smaller in size
Nano sensors and Nano robots
Use of Laser sails
Micro and Nano-rovers for planetary exploitation CopyRights @ Ankush Bagga 29
Columbia Tragedy :Columbia Tragedy February 1, 2003 Columbia Space Shuttle disintegrated on its descend back to Earth
First indication was the loss of temperature sensors on the left wing
Foam struck the left wing
There was loss of tire pressure warnings on the left main gear
Indication of excessive structural heating CopyRights @ Ankush Bagga 30
Solution to Columbia Space Shuttle :Solution to Columbia Space Shuttle Biosensors
Sensing device with a biological or biologically derived sensing element which is integrated with a physical transducer.
Fabrication of overall space shuttle material that can Withstand 1000 degrees Celsius
Nano sensors and Nano rovers with enhanced monitoring and efficient control of propulsion systems, life support, and higher mission success rates CopyRights @ Ankush Bagga 31
Nanotechnology for Astronauts :Nanotechnology for Astronauts Space suits
Nano food CopyRights @ Ankush Bagga 32
Nanofood !?! :Nanofood !?! Preservation of food without refrigeration
Protection of food from bacteria and diseases
Lighter foods!!! CopyRights @ Ankush Bagga 33
Proposed Ideas :Proposed Ideas Nano Satellites
Space Elevator
Solar Sails CopyRights @ Ankush Bagga 34
NANO SATELLITES :NANO SATELLITES Nano satellites will be 90% lighter
With much greater strength
Greater safety margin due to the use of Diamondiod Fibres that NT can produce CopyRights @ Ankush Bagga 35
CARBON NANOTUBE :CARBON NANOTUBE Stiffest and strongest fibres known, with remarkable
electronic properties and unique characteristics.
They are the result of synthesis of buckminsterfullerene ,C60 and other fullerenes. CopyRights @ Ankush Bagga 36
SPACE ELEVATOR :SPACE ELEVATOR Is a proposed structure designed to transport material from celestial body’s surface into space.
A tensile structure would be held in tension between earth and the counterweight in space, like a guitar string held taut. CopyRights @ Ankush Bagga 37
Space Elevator :Space Elevator CopyRights @ Ankush Bagga 38
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NANO IN DEFENCE :NANO IN DEFENCE Fundamental Change in the Way Structures and Electronics Are Made
Promise of Lighter Weight and Higher Strength Structures
Promise of Smaller, Faster Electronic Devices (Molecularelectronics) CopyRights @ Ankush Bagga 40
NANO IN DEFENCE :NANO IN DEFENCE Promise of New Types of Sensors, Smaller and More Accurate
Multifunctional Materials CopyRights @ Ankush Bagga 41
NANO IN DEFENCE :NANO IN DEFENCE Improved weapons
Conventional structural materials could be replaced by more rigid and lighter materials. CopyRights @ Ankush Bagga 42
Nano Technology in Electronics :Nano Technology in Electronics CopyRights @ Ankush Bagga 43
Electronics :Electronics Improving display screens on electronics devices.
Memory chip with a projected density of one terabyte of memory per square inch or greater.
Reducing the size of transistors used in integrated circuits. CopyRights @ Ankush Bagga 44
Carbon Nanotubes in Display Devices :Carbon Nanotubes in Display Devices Replacement of cathode ray tube (CRT) technology by electron-producing carbon nanotubes.
Carbon nanotubes are also likely to be used in IT. These tubes can be either conducting or semiconducting and have the potential for memory and storage as well CopyRights @ Ankush Bagga 45
Computers :Computers Role in new logic and storage technologies
Magnetic RAMs and resonant tunnel elements in logical circuits in the near future.
Memory chip with a projected density of one terabyte of memory per square inch or greater. CopyRights @ Ankush Bagga 46
Computers :Nano scale Transistors
Precision, abstraction, and high-throughput production of components—that will also be found in molecular manufacturing systems. Computers CopyRights @ Ankush Bagga 47
Energy :Energy Nanotechnological materials in solar cells and fuel cells).
Nanotechnology materials which are superconducting at room temperatures to reduce the high transmission losses in our centralised energy supply.
Nanomaterials can be used to improve the capacity of batteries. CopyRights @ Ankush Bagga 48
Energy :Solar Plastics
Nanoscale powders Energy CopyRights @ Ankush Bagga 49
Chemical Industry :Chemical Industry Catalytic nanoparticles
Can be used to increase the efficiency of energy conversion
The use of nanotechnological materials in solar cells and fuel cells.
Can be used to improve the capacity of batteries. CopyRights @ Ankush Bagga 50
Nanotechnology Consumer Products :Nanotechnology Consumer Products Pants that repel water
Clothes that keep you cool in summer and warm in winter
Integration of nanobots to give an article of clothing the capability to mend itself.
Man made skin used for skin graft applications CopyRights @ Ankush Bagga 51
13th Conference On Advanced Nanotechnology (goals) :13th Conference On Advanced Nanotechnology (goals) Meeting global energy needs with clean solutions
Providing abundant clean water globally
Enabling the development of space CopyRights @ Ankush Bagga 52
13th Conference On Advanced Nanotechnology (goals) :Maximizing the productivity of agriculture
Making powerful information technology available everywhere
Making electronics and computers items faster and cheaper 13th Conference On Advanced Nanotechnology (goals) CopyRights @ Ankush Bagga 53
Risks … :Risks …
Health Risks :Health Risks Ultrafine particles can catalyze chemical reactions in the body
Carbon nanotubes can cause infection of lungs
They could easily cross the blood-brain barrier, a membrane that protects the brain from harmful chemicals in the bloodstream. CopyRights @ Ankush Bagga 55
Social and Ethical risks :Social and Ethical risks More powerful weapons
Two races of people
Fear of Grey Goo
What happens to all the manufacturing jobs? CopyRights @ Ankush Bagga 56
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Slide 58:Samsung silverCare
A washing machine that inhibits bacterial growth on the clothes it washes
.. on the market CopyRights @ Ankush Bagga 58
Slide 59:Contact lens that let you check your blood sugar level by looking in a mirror.
(coming in 5 years)
Intelligent nanocoatings for windows that reflect solar heat in the summer and transmit it in winter. CopyRights @ Ankush Bagga 59
Nano improved Tennis Rackets :Nano improved Tennis Rackets Nano improved
golf balls CopyRights @ Ankush Bagga 60
Slide 61:Automobile fuel lines made with carbon nanotubes inhibit static electricity and reduce the risk of explosions.(these are on the market today, and 60% of cars have these fuel lines)
Solar roads - able to make solar cells strong enough to surface roads. Enough solar energy for everyone, and no need for space wasteing solar energy farms. CopyRights @ Ankush Bagga 61
Slide 62:Nano Fuel Cells
Companies are now using nanotechnology to create lighter and longer lasting fuel cells. The companies working on this type of fuel are using methanol as a fuel and are calling them DMFC’s.
available in markets ... CopyRights @ Ankush Bagga 62
Slide 63:NT could make LCDs brighter, thinner, amd cheaper Nano-sized polarizers could significantly enhance the contrast ratio in liquid crystal displays (LCDs) CopyRights @ Ankush Bagga 63
Nanonets :Nanonets Networks of carbon nanotubes enable numerous basic electronic functions at low cost. The durable nature of nanonets make them suitable to portable devices, like:
Electronic paper
Flexible touch screens
Solar cells
Sensors CopyRights @ Ankush Bagga 64
Slide 65:In the future, you might be reading on foldable electronic paper, according to an American scientist.
Built from thousands of single walled carbon nanotubes. CopyRights @ Ankush Bagga 65
The Nanotechnology Revolution is Underway :The Nanotechnology Revolution is Underway New technologies and products:
on the way to become the FIRST trillion dollar market by 2015
Materials beyond chemistry: $340 B/y
Electronics: over $300 B/y
Pharmaceuticals: $180 B/y
Chemicals (catalysts): $100 B/y
Aerospace: ~$70 B/y
Tools: ~$22 B/y
New jobs: ~2 million
nanotechnology workers CopyRights @ Ankush Bagga 66
Coming Technologies :Coming Technologies Nanotechnology soon to be replaced by:
Picotechnology or even
Femtotechnology CopyRights @ Ankush Bagga 67
References ... :References ... WebSites:
www.authorstream.com
www.managedcaremag.com
www.smalltimes.com
www.nanotitan.com
www.bowlesphysics.com
Applications:Adobe Photoshop Macromedia Flash CopyRights @ Ankush Bagga 68