logging in or signing up HAI ANKIT ankitmittal86 Download Post to : URL : Related Presentations : Share Add to Flag Embed Email Send to Blogs and Networks Add to Channel Uploaded from authorPOINT lite Insert YouTube videos in PowerPont slides with aS Desktop Copy embed code: (To copy code, click on the text box) Embed: URL: Thumbnail: WordPress Embed Customize Embed The presentation is successfully added In Your Favorites. Views: 76 Category: Education License: All Rights Reserved Like it (0) Dislike it (0) Added: March 03, 2010 This Presentation is Public Favorites: 0 Presentation Description No description available. Comments Posting comment... By: sultanalbanna (20 month(s) ago) NICE WORK Saving..... Post Reply Close Saving..... Edit Comment Close Premium member Presentation Transcript Definition : Definition Any infection acquired by a patient after admission to the hospital. Which was neither present nor in the incubation period at the time of hospitalization. Infections are considered nosocomial if they first appear 48hrs or more after admission or within 30days after discharge. History of Nosocomial Infection : History of Nosocomial Infection Ignaz Semmelweis, (1840s) demonstrated importance of hand hygiene. No progress for next century. 1976, the Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations - standards for infection control. Nosocomial infection still on the increase - emerging infection. Slide 6: Many patients in hospitals have impaired defense mechanism due to pre-existing disease, Such as diabetes, Immunosupperssion and patients with prosthetic implants. They are more susceptible to infection. Slide 7: The Hospital environment is heavily laden with a wide variety of pathogens. These pathogens may be present in air, dust, water, food or antiseptic lotion. Equipments may be contaminated. Bedding, linen and utensils may act as fomites. Patient shed the organisms from their bodies while hospital personnel spread these organisms through their hands and clothes. The inanimate environment is a reservoir of pathogens : The inanimate environment is a reservoir of pathogens Recovery of MRSA, VRE, C.diff CNS and GNR The inanimate environment is a reservoir of pathogens : The inanimate environment is a reservoir of pathogens Recovery of MRSA, VRE, CNS. C.diff and GNR The inanimate environment is a reservoir of pathogens : The inanimate environment is a reservoir of pathogens Recovery of MRSA, VRE, CNS. C.diff and GNR The inanimate environment is a reservoir of pathogens : The inanimate environment is a reservoir of pathogens X represents a positive Enterococcus culture The pathogens are ubiquitous 3.Diagnostic Procedures : 3.Diagnostic Procedures During diagnostic procedures such as insertion of urethral or intravenous catheters. The slightest laps in asepsis may lead to infection. 4.Drug Resistance : 4.Drug Resistance Hospital infections are generally refractory to treatment as the infecting agents are usually multidrug resistant. 5.Transfusion : 5.Transfusion Blood, blood products and intravenous fluids used for transfusion, If not properly screened, Can transmit infections. 6.Advanced in Medical Progress : 6.Advanced in Medical Progress Advanced in treatment of cancer, Organ transplantation, Implanted prostheses and other sophisticated technologies enhance the risk of infection Source Of Infection : Source Of Infection 1.Endogenous Source is the normal flora or colonizers of skin and other epithelial surface 2.Exogenous Other persons (cross-infection) Inanimate objects (Fomites) 1.Endogenous : 1.Endogenous Patients own flora may invade the patient’s tissue during some surgical operation or instrumental manipulations 2.Exogenous : 2.Exogenous Hospital-infection is mostly exogenous from another patient or member of the staff or from the environment in the hospital. Patients and hospital personnel suffering from infection, or asymptomatic carriers are the most important sources. SPREAD OF INFECTONS : SPREAD OF INFECTONS Air-borne Skin scales, droplet nuclei, Dust Contact Direct Hands & clothing Droplet contact followed by autoinoculation Clinical equipment Indirect Bedpans, bowls, jugs, etc SPREAD OF INFECTONS : SPREAD OF INFECTONS The hands are the most important vehicle of transmission of HAI CAUSES OF HAI : CAUSES OF HAI Virtually all microorganisms can cause nosocomial infections Viruses Bacteria Fungi Parasites BACTERIA : BACTERIA Gram + Staphylococcus aureus Staphylococcus epidermidis Gram - Enterobacteriaceae Pseudomonas aeruginosa Acinetobacter baumanni Mycobacterium tuberculosis NOSOCOMIAL PATHOGENS : NOSOCOMIAL PATHOGENS Viruses Blood borne infections : HBV, HCV, HIV Others: CMV, rubella, varicella, SARS Fungi Candida Aspergillus Common Hospital-acquired Infection : Common Hospital-acquired Infection Urinary Tract Infection Respiratory Infection Wound and Skin Sepsis Gastrointestinal Infections Burns Bacteramia and septicemia Slide 25: Hand hygiene is the simplest, most effective measure for preventing hospital-acquired infections. HAND WASHING TECHNIQUE : HAND WASHING TECHNIQUE Source: World Health Organization. Regional Office for Western Pacific. Alcohol based hand hygiene solutions : Alcohol based hand hygiene solutions Quick Easy to use Very effective antisepsis due to bactericidal properties of alcohol PRACTISE STANDARD PRECAUTIONS : PRACTISE STANDARD PRECAUTIONS PROTECT YOURSELF THROUGH IMMUNISATION : PROTECT YOURSELF THROUGH IMMUNISATION Immunisation BCG Hepatitis B Tetanus Rubella Varicella Influenza Conclusion : Conclusion Hospital Pathogen Unhappy patients Unhappy director Hospital Surveillance Happy Patients Happy director Any Questions??? : Any Questions??? Thank you for not asking!!! tHanK YoU fOr yoUr cOopeRatiOn and UnTiriNg sUPpoRt : tHanK YoU fOr yoUr cOopeRatiOn and UnTiriNg sUPpoRt You do not have the permission to view this presentation. In order to view it, please contact the author of the presentation.
HAI ANKIT ankitmittal86 Download Post to : URL : Related Presentations : Share Add to Flag Embed Email Send to Blogs and Networks Add to Channel Uploaded from authorPOINT lite Insert YouTube videos in PowerPont slides with aS Desktop Copy embed code: (To copy code, click on the text box) Embed: URL: Thumbnail: WordPress Embed Customize Embed The presentation is successfully added In Your Favorites. Views: 76 Category: Education License: All Rights Reserved Like it (0) Dislike it (0) Added: March 03, 2010 This Presentation is Public Favorites: 0 Presentation Description No description available. Comments Posting comment... By: sultanalbanna (20 month(s) ago) NICE WORK Saving..... Post Reply Close Saving..... Edit Comment Close Premium member Presentation Transcript Definition : Definition Any infection acquired by a patient after admission to the hospital. Which was neither present nor in the incubation period at the time of hospitalization. Infections are considered nosocomial if they first appear 48hrs or more after admission or within 30days after discharge. History of Nosocomial Infection : History of Nosocomial Infection Ignaz Semmelweis, (1840s) demonstrated importance of hand hygiene. No progress for next century. 1976, the Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations - standards for infection control. Nosocomial infection still on the increase - emerging infection. Slide 6: Many patients in hospitals have impaired defense mechanism due to pre-existing disease, Such as diabetes, Immunosupperssion and patients with prosthetic implants. They are more susceptible to infection. Slide 7: The Hospital environment is heavily laden with a wide variety of pathogens. These pathogens may be present in air, dust, water, food or antiseptic lotion. Equipments may be contaminated. Bedding, linen and utensils may act as fomites. Patient shed the organisms from their bodies while hospital personnel spread these organisms through their hands and clothes. The inanimate environment is a reservoir of pathogens : The inanimate environment is a reservoir of pathogens Recovery of MRSA, VRE, C.diff CNS and GNR The inanimate environment is a reservoir of pathogens : The inanimate environment is a reservoir of pathogens Recovery of MRSA, VRE, CNS. C.diff and GNR The inanimate environment is a reservoir of pathogens : The inanimate environment is a reservoir of pathogens Recovery of MRSA, VRE, CNS. C.diff and GNR The inanimate environment is a reservoir of pathogens : The inanimate environment is a reservoir of pathogens X represents a positive Enterococcus culture The pathogens are ubiquitous 3.Diagnostic Procedures : 3.Diagnostic Procedures During diagnostic procedures such as insertion of urethral or intravenous catheters. The slightest laps in asepsis may lead to infection. 4.Drug Resistance : 4.Drug Resistance Hospital infections are generally refractory to treatment as the infecting agents are usually multidrug resistant. 5.Transfusion : 5.Transfusion Blood, blood products and intravenous fluids used for transfusion, If not properly screened, Can transmit infections. 6.Advanced in Medical Progress : 6.Advanced in Medical Progress Advanced in treatment of cancer, Organ transplantation, Implanted prostheses and other sophisticated technologies enhance the risk of infection Source Of Infection : Source Of Infection 1.Endogenous Source is the normal flora or colonizers of skin and other epithelial surface 2.Exogenous Other persons (cross-infection) Inanimate objects (Fomites) 1.Endogenous : 1.Endogenous Patients own flora may invade the patient’s tissue during some surgical operation or instrumental manipulations 2.Exogenous : 2.Exogenous Hospital-infection is mostly exogenous from another patient or member of the staff or from the environment in the hospital. Patients and hospital personnel suffering from infection, or asymptomatic carriers are the most important sources. SPREAD OF INFECTONS : SPREAD OF INFECTONS Air-borne Skin scales, droplet nuclei, Dust Contact Direct Hands & clothing Droplet contact followed by autoinoculation Clinical equipment Indirect Bedpans, bowls, jugs, etc SPREAD OF INFECTONS : SPREAD OF INFECTONS The hands are the most important vehicle of transmission of HAI CAUSES OF HAI : CAUSES OF HAI Virtually all microorganisms can cause nosocomial infections Viruses Bacteria Fungi Parasites BACTERIA : BACTERIA Gram + Staphylococcus aureus Staphylococcus epidermidis Gram - Enterobacteriaceae Pseudomonas aeruginosa Acinetobacter baumanni Mycobacterium tuberculosis NOSOCOMIAL PATHOGENS : NOSOCOMIAL PATHOGENS Viruses Blood borne infections : HBV, HCV, HIV Others: CMV, rubella, varicella, SARS Fungi Candida Aspergillus Common Hospital-acquired Infection : Common Hospital-acquired Infection Urinary Tract Infection Respiratory Infection Wound and Skin Sepsis Gastrointestinal Infections Burns Bacteramia and septicemia Slide 25: Hand hygiene is the simplest, most effective measure for preventing hospital-acquired infections. HAND WASHING TECHNIQUE : HAND WASHING TECHNIQUE Source: World Health Organization. Regional Office for Western Pacific. Alcohol based hand hygiene solutions : Alcohol based hand hygiene solutions Quick Easy to use Very effective antisepsis due to bactericidal properties of alcohol PRACTISE STANDARD PRECAUTIONS : PRACTISE STANDARD PRECAUTIONS PROTECT YOURSELF THROUGH IMMUNISATION : PROTECT YOURSELF THROUGH IMMUNISATION Immunisation BCG Hepatitis B Tetanus Rubella Varicella Influenza Conclusion : Conclusion Hospital Pathogen Unhappy patients Unhappy director Hospital Surveillance Happy Patients Happy director Any Questions??? : Any Questions??? Thank you for not asking!!! tHanK YoU fOr yoUr cOopeRatiOn and UnTiriNg sUPpoRt : tHanK YoU fOr yoUr cOopeRatiOn and UnTiriNg sUPpoRt