Presentation Transcript
Summary of the article“Teaching Grammar”written by Diane Larsen-Freeman: Summary of the article “Teaching Grammar” written by Diane Larsen-Freeman Ana Maria Menezes
Former approaches to teaching grammar.: Former approaches to teaching grammar.
Analysing language
Using language
“Research has shown that teachers who focus students’ attention on form during communicative interactions are more effective than those who never focus on form.”Spada and Lightbown, 1993.: “Research has shown that teachers who focus students’ attention on form during communicative interactions are more effective than those who never focus on form.” Spada and Lightbown, 1993.
Grammatical structures not only have FORM, they are also used to express MEANING in context-approriate USE.: Grammatical structures not only have FORM, they are also used to express MEANING in context-approriate USE.
Slide5: FORM/ STRUCTURE
Morphosyntactic and lexical patterns
Phonemic/ graphemic patterns MEANING/ SEMANTICS
Lexical meaning
Grammatical meaning USE/ PRAGMATICS
Social context
Linguistic discourse context
Presuppositions about context
Slide6: FORM
How is it formed? MEANING
What does it mean?
USE
When/ why is it used?
Slide7: FORM
‘s or s’
/z/~/s/~/əz/ MEANING
Possession
Description
Amount
Relationship
Part/ whole
Origin/ agent USE
‘s versus possessive determiner
‘s versus of the
‘s versus noun compounds POSSESSIVES
Slide8: FORM
Verb + particle
Verb + particle + preposition
Transitive/ intrans.
Separable/ inseparable
Stress and juncture
patterns MEANING
Literal
Figurative
Multiple meanings USE
Informal discourse
Principle of dominance PHRASAL VERBS
FORM: FORM Meaningful practice
Games
Cuisenaire rods
Problem-solving activities
MEANING: MEANING Associate form + meaning.
Realia / pictures.
Actions (TPR).
Concentration game.
USE: USE Selecting between different options.
(Why use one form and not another?)
The framework helps teachers identify where the learning challenge lies.: The framework helps teachers identify where the learning challenge lies.
And helps teachers make clear decisions about how to teach grammar.: And helps teachers make clear decisions about how to teach grammar.
For more information:: For more information: Read
“The Grammar Book”
by Celce-Murcia and Larsen-Freeman, 1999