genetic diversity of himalayan musk deer

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STUDY OF GENETIC DIVERSITY OF HIMALAYAN MUSK DEER AN ENDANGERED WITH A FATAL FRAGRANCE BY AMRITA NANDI B.Sc (Hons.) GENETICS

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OUR TOUR SIKKIM:- LAND OF MYSTIC SPLENDOUR GANGTOK:- THE TOWN ON A HILL TOP THE STATE CAPITAL OF SIKKIM ALTITUDE :- 5,500 feet POPULATION :- 50,000 app. AREA :- 15 sq. km. app. CLIMATE :- SUMMER (28`C-13.1`C) WINTER (18`C-5.3`C) RAINFALL :- 3,894 mm / annum MUSK DEER

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TOUR ROUTE NJP TO GANGTOK RIVER TISTA RUMTEK 7 POINTS YUMTHANG VALLEY CHANGU LAKE NJP SEALDAH

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OTHER PLACES VISITED RUMTEK MONASTERY NEHRU BOTANICAL GARDEN GANGTOK ZOO LACHUNG – VALLEY TOWN(8610 feet) YUMTHANG- VALLEY OF FLOWERS CHANGU LAKE BABA HARBAJAN TEMPLE

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WHY SIKKIM? A HOTSPOT OF BIODIVERSITY COVERS VARIETIES FROM TROPICAL TO ALPINE BOTANICAL AND ZOOLOGICAL RICHNESS IS AWE ASPIRING 4000 SPECIES OF PLANTS FOUND HERE 30% OF BIRD SPECIES ARE FOUND HERE

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FLORA FAUNA FOUND IN SIKKIM

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GENETIC DIVERSITY…? Genetic diversity is a characteristic of ecosystems and gene pools that describes an attribute which is commonly held to be advantageous for survival That there are many different versions of otherwise similar organisms. Other term – GENETIC VARIATION

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MUSK DEER FEMALE MUSK DEER MALE MUSK DEER SMALL HEAVY LIMPED UPLAND DEER OF CENTRAL ASIA ITS PREMITIVE THAN DEER SPECIES AND CONSIDERED AS INTERMIDIATE BETWEEN DEER AND ANTELOPE MALE DEER PRODUCES MUSK FROM THEIR ABDOMINAL SCENT GLANDS KNOWN AS “KASTURI MRIG”

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CLASSIFICATION Classification Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata Class: Mammalia Order: Artiodactyla   Family: Moschidae Genus: Moschus

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SPECIAL FEATURES COAT:- brittle , grizzled brown hairs Wide vertical yellow stipe on chest yellow hairs on neck BODY:- body slopes forward hind legs are longer than fore legs

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SPECIAL FEATURES CANINES:- well developed in both sex males have 7cm long fragile in nature ABDOMINAL GLANDS:- has glands which produces red musk in males

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VARIOUS SPECIES:-MUSK DEER BLACK MUSK DEER Moschus fucus HIMALAYAN MUSK DEER Moschus chrysogaster SIBERIAN MUSK DEER Moschus moschiferus

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PHYLOGENY TREE OF MUSK DEER

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HIMALAYAN MUSK DEER Body Length: 86-100 cm / 2.8-3.3 ft. Shoulder Height: 51-53 cm / 20-21 inches Tail Length: 4-6 cm / 1.6-2.4 inches Weight: 11-18 kg / 24-40 lb. Gestation Period: 185-195 days. Young per Birth: 1, usually 2. Weaning: 3-4 months. Sexual Maturity: 16-24 months. Life span: 12-20 years.

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DISTRIBUTION HIMALAYAN MUSK DEER:- Alpine forest and scrub at elevations of 2,200-4,300 meters / 7250-14,200 feet on the eastern and southern edge of Tibet and the southern slopes of the Himalayas

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SIBERIAN MUSK DEER Body Length: 86-100 cm / 2.8-3.3 ft. Shoulder Height: 52-55 cm / 20.5-21.5 inches. Tail Length: 4-6 cm / 1.6-2.4 in. Weight: 11-18 kg / 24-40 lb. Gestation Period: 6.5 months. Young per Birth: Often 2, sometimes 1 or 3. Weaning: At 3-4 months. Sexual Maturity: 15-17 months. Life span: 10-14 years, up to 20 years in captivity

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DISTRIBUTION SIBERIAN MUSK DEER:- Mountainous taiga (broadleaf and needle forest) throughout the Soviet Union, Korea, northern China, and northern Mongolia

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HABITAT LIVES IN DENSE ALPINE FOREST OR IN MOUNTAINS IN DAYS THEY STAY UNDER COVER ,AT NIGHT GRAZE IN OPEN

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DIET twigs, bark, mosses, roots, fruit and berries - even lichen which can be rasped off the rocks. they search food on summer and store as fat in their body for breeding and winter

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SPECIAL SKILLS & BEHAVIOUR THEY HAVE A VERY GOOD VISION POWER SENSE OF SMELL IS BETTER THAN HUMAN HEARING IS ACUTE THESE ARE VERY SHY ANIMAL

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MUSK & IT’S USES MUSK:- A SUBSTANCE WITH A NICE SMELL USES:- to make medicines to treat ailments related to heart nerves n breathing, 300 medicines are made by this in east asia. Used to make perfumes

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GENETICS THIS SPECIES HAS 58 CHROMOSOMES ALL ACROCENTRIC HYBRIDISATION WITH OTHER SPECIES HAS NOT BEEN REPORTED ALL THE SUBSPECIES HAVE SAME NUMBER OF CHROMOSOME NUMBER

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PHYLOGENIC STUDY OF COMPLETE CYTOCHROME b GENE IN MUSK DEER:- study was done by Bing Su and Wen Wang to study evolutionary relationship b/w species of musk deer they use cytochrome b gene of mitochondrial DNA this gene controlls oxydative phosphorylation DNA extraction is done followed by PCR

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DNA SEQUENCE ALLIGNMENTS OF SPECIES:-

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RESULTS an allignment b/w deer and moose has been found sequence of two M.moschiferous are same inspite their geographical reigon is different.

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CONSERVATION STATUS IUCN :- SIBERIAN MUSK DEER VULNERABLE OTHER THREE SPECIES HAS LOWER RISK BUT NEAR TO THREATENED HUNTED FOR THEIR VALUABLE MUSK GLANDS

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CONCLUSION ALTOUGH VARIOUS SPECIES OF MUSK DEER HAVE DISTINCT CHARACTERS , THEY SHARE A LESS GENETIC DIVERSITY BETWEEN EACH OTHER AS THE CHROMOSOME NUMBER OF ALL MUSK DEER IS SAME THEY SHOWS A CLOSE EVOLUTIONARY RELATIONSHIP

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