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See all Premium member Presentation Transcript ABO & Rh(D) Blood Groups : ABO & Rh(D) Blood Groups Anatomy & Physiology Unit 9 – Circulatory System The ABO System : ABO & Rh(D) 2 The ABO System Discovered in 1901 by Dr. Karl Landsteiner 4 Main Phenotypes (A, B, AB, O) ABO gene located on long arm of chromosome 9 The ABO Antigens : ABO & Rh(D) 3 The ABO Antigens Added to Proteins or Lipids in Red Cells Substrate Molecule is H (fucose) A antigen is N-acetyl-galactosamine (GalNAc) B antigen is Galactose (Gal) A and B genes code for transferase enzymes ABO Antibodies : ABO & Rh(D) 4 ABO Antibodies A and B substances very common Antibodies produced to “non-self” Produced after first few months of life A & B people have mainly IgM O people have IgG May fade in old age Antigens & Antibodies : ABO & Rh(D) 5 Antigens & Antibodies Inheritance of ABO Groups : ABO & Rh(D) 6 Inheritance of ABO Groups ABO Typing : ABO & Rh(D) 7 ABO Typing Cell Group Test Washed Cells With: Monoclonal Anti-A Monoclonal Anti-B Inert control Agglutination is a positive result Reverse Group Test plasma/serum with: Known A1 cells Known B cells Known O cells ? Known A2 cells Reactions may be weaker than cell group Distribution of ABO Groups : ABO & Rh(D) 8 Distribution of ABO Groups Distribution of the A allele : ABO & Rh(D) 9 Distribution of the A allele Distribution of the B Allele : ABO & Rh(D) 10 Distribution of the B Allele Distribution of the O Allele : ABO & Rh(D) 11 Distribution of the O Allele Significance of ABO Group : ABO & Rh(D) 12 Significance of ABO Group ABO mismatched transfusions: Rare May be life threatening Can be caused by technical or clerical error Intravascular haemolysis More severe in group O patients Universal Donor and Recipient : ABO & Rh(D) 13 Universal Donor and Recipient Universal Donor Group O Carries no A or B antigens Packed and processed units have little antibody Universal Recipient Group AB Patient has no anti-A or anti-B present Cannot lyse any transfused cells Beware: other antibodies may be present Using the patient’s own group ASAP will conserve resources The Rh(D) Antigen : ABO & Rh(D) 14 The Rh(D) Antigen RH is the most complex system, with over 45 antigens Discovered in 1940 after work on Rhesus monkeys Subsequently discovered to be unrelated to monkeys RH gene located on short arm of chromosome 1 Simple Genetics of Rh(D) : ABO & Rh(D) 15 Simple Genetics of Rh(D) 86% of caucasians are Rh(D) pos The antithetical antigen d has not been found The d gene is recessive: Dd, dD, DD, persons are Rh(D) pos Only dd persons are Rh(D) neg Distribution of Rh(D) Types : ABO & Rh(D) 16 Distribution of Rh(D) Types Significance of Rh(D) : ABO & Rh(D) 17 Significance of Rh(D) 80% of Rh(D) neg persons exposed to Rh(D) pos blood will develop anti-D Anti-D can also be stimulated by pregnancy with an Rh(D) positive baby Sensitisation can be prevented by the use of anti-D immunoglobulin, antenatally and post natally Rh(D) neg females of childbearing potential should never be given Rh(D) positive blood products Inheritance : ABO & Rh(D) 18 Inheritance ABO & RH genes are not linked ABO & Rh(D) type are inherited independently For example: An A Rh(D) pos mother and a B Rh(D) pos father could have an O Rh(D) neg child Inheritance of ABO and Rh(D) : ABO & Rh(D) 19 Inheritance of ABO and Rh(D) Mother Group A AO Rh(D) pos Dd Father Group B BO Rh(D) pos Dd Group A AO Rh(D) pos Dd Group B BO Rh(D) pos Dd Group O OO Rh(D) neg dd You do not have the permission to view this presentation. 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ABO & Rh(D) Blood Groups amr.89 Download Post to : URL : Related Presentations : Share Add to Flag Embed Email Send to Blogs and Networks Add to Channel Uploaded from authorPOINT lite Insert YouTube videos in PowerPont slides with aS Desktop Copy embed code: Embed: Flash iPad Dynamic Copy Does not support media & animations Automatically changes to Flash or non-Flash embed WordPress Embed Customize Embed URL: Copy Thumbnail: Copy The presentation is successfully added In Your Favorites. Views: 4778 Category: Education License: All Rights Reserved Like it (5) Dislike it (0) Added: April 19, 2009 This Presentation is Public Favorites: 4 Presentation Description No description available. Comments Posting comment... By: iloveusrk (20 month(s) ago) very good....love it...plz send me..... drrajeshpatil007@gmail.com Saving..... Post Reply Close Saving..... Edit Comment Close By: SJAnn (20 month(s) ago) a very nice and compact presentation and it rly helps me as im stl a student. can u send it 2 me via my email? siajoann@gmail.com . thanks ya Saving..... Post Reply Close Saving..... Edit Comment Close By: sai.trisha (22 month(s) ago) plz send me this power point presentation to my mail... i found it very usefull.. my id is ..sai.trisha14@gmail.com Saving..... Post Reply Close Saving..... Edit Comment Close By: hanipol (24 month(s) ago) can i download this to show to my students...found it very useful . my e-mail is hanifaha@srwk.moh.gov.my Saving..... Post Reply Close Saving..... Edit Comment Close By: hanipol (24 month(s) ago) can i download this to show to my students..found it very useful . Saving..... Post Reply Close Saving..... Edit Comment Close loading.... See all Premium member Presentation Transcript ABO & Rh(D) Blood Groups : ABO & Rh(D) Blood Groups Anatomy & Physiology Unit 9 – Circulatory System The ABO System : ABO & Rh(D) 2 The ABO System Discovered in 1901 by Dr. Karl Landsteiner 4 Main Phenotypes (A, B, AB, O) ABO gene located on long arm of chromosome 9 The ABO Antigens : ABO & Rh(D) 3 The ABO Antigens Added to Proteins or Lipids in Red Cells Substrate Molecule is H (fucose) A antigen is N-acetyl-galactosamine (GalNAc) B antigen is Galactose (Gal) A and B genes code for transferase enzymes ABO Antibodies : ABO & Rh(D) 4 ABO Antibodies A and B substances very common Antibodies produced to “non-self” Produced after first few months of life A & B people have mainly IgM O people have IgG May fade in old age Antigens & Antibodies : ABO & Rh(D) 5 Antigens & Antibodies Inheritance of ABO Groups : ABO & Rh(D) 6 Inheritance of ABO Groups ABO Typing : ABO & Rh(D) 7 ABO Typing Cell Group Test Washed Cells With: Monoclonal Anti-A Monoclonal Anti-B Inert control Agglutination is a positive result Reverse Group Test plasma/serum with: Known A1 cells Known B cells Known O cells ? Known A2 cells Reactions may be weaker than cell group Distribution of ABO Groups : ABO & Rh(D) 8 Distribution of ABO Groups Distribution of the A allele : ABO & Rh(D) 9 Distribution of the A allele Distribution of the B Allele : ABO & Rh(D) 10 Distribution of the B Allele Distribution of the O Allele : ABO & Rh(D) 11 Distribution of the O Allele Significance of ABO Group : ABO & Rh(D) 12 Significance of ABO Group ABO mismatched transfusions: Rare May be life threatening Can be caused by technical or clerical error Intravascular haemolysis More severe in group O patients Universal Donor and Recipient : ABO & Rh(D) 13 Universal Donor and Recipient Universal Donor Group O Carries no A or B antigens Packed and processed units have little antibody Universal Recipient Group AB Patient has no anti-A or anti-B present Cannot lyse any transfused cells Beware: other antibodies may be present Using the patient’s own group ASAP will conserve resources The Rh(D) Antigen : ABO & Rh(D) 14 The Rh(D) Antigen RH is the most complex system, with over 45 antigens Discovered in 1940 after work on Rhesus monkeys Subsequently discovered to be unrelated to monkeys RH gene located on short arm of chromosome 1 Simple Genetics of Rh(D) : ABO & Rh(D) 15 Simple Genetics of Rh(D) 86% of caucasians are Rh(D) pos The antithetical antigen d has not been found The d gene is recessive: Dd, dD, DD, persons are Rh(D) pos Only dd persons are Rh(D) neg Distribution of Rh(D) Types : ABO & Rh(D) 16 Distribution of Rh(D) Types Significance of Rh(D) : ABO & Rh(D) 17 Significance of Rh(D) 80% of Rh(D) neg persons exposed to Rh(D) pos blood will develop anti-D Anti-D can also be stimulated by pregnancy with an Rh(D) positive baby Sensitisation can be prevented by the use of anti-D immunoglobulin, antenatally and post natally Rh(D) neg females of childbearing potential should never be given Rh(D) positive blood products Inheritance : ABO & Rh(D) 18 Inheritance ABO & RH genes are not linked ABO & Rh(D) type are inherited independently For example: An A Rh(D) pos mother and a B Rh(D) pos father could have an O Rh(D) neg child Inheritance of ABO and Rh(D) : ABO & Rh(D) 19 Inheritance of ABO and Rh(D) Mother Group A AO Rh(D) pos Dd Father Group B BO Rh(D) pos Dd Group A AO Rh(D) pos Dd Group B BO Rh(D) pos Dd Group O OO Rh(D) neg dd