logging in or signing up 3G_4G Adv_Chal 041406 ver1 amitmaheshpur Download Post to : URL : Related Presentations : Share Add to Flag Embed Email Send to Blogs and Networks Add to Channel Uploaded from authorPOINT lite Insert YouTube videos in PowerPont slides with aS Desktop Copy embed code: (To copy code, click on the text box) Embed: URL: Thumbnail: WordPress Embed Customize Embed The presentation is successfully added In Your Favorites. Views: 168 Category: Science & Tech.. License: All Rights Reserved Like it (0) Dislike it (0) Added: January 24, 2011 This Presentation is Public Favorites: 1 Presentation Description No description available. Comments Posting comment... By: simulationguy (7 month(s) ago) thanx for upload Saving..... Post Reply Close Saving..... Edit Comment Close By: Eng.Tamer (15 month(s) ago) please send this ppt to my email antimo_romancia@yahoo.com Thanks Saving..... Post Reply Close Saving..... Edit Comment Close By: Eng.Tamer (15 month(s) ago) please send this ppt to my email antimo_romancia@yahoo.com Thanks Saving..... Post Reply Close Saving..... Edit Comment Close By: Eng.Tamer (15 month(s) ago) please send this ppt to my email antimo_romancia@yahoo.com Thanks Saving..... Post Reply Close Saving..... Edit Comment Close By: sandesh.andrade (15 month(s) ago) plz send this ppt me at sandesh.andrade@ovi.com Saving..... Post Reply Close Saving..... Edit Comment Close Premium member Presentation Transcript 3G and 4G Wireless – Advances and Challenges : 3G and 4G Wireless – Advances and Challenges Suresh R. Borkar Adjunct Faculty, Dept of ECE, Ill Instt. of Tech. sureshbo@hotmail.com Apr 14, 2006 3G and 4G Wireless – Advances and Challenges : 3G and 4G Wireless – Advances and Challenges Where are we? 3G Wireless Summary Where do we Want to go? Evolution to Seamless Networking 4G Wireless Challenges The one who stays still is left behind Where are We? : Where are We? Classic Wireline MaBell Public Switched Telephone Network (PSTN) US Universal coverage achieved early 1980’s “Wireless” First Generation Analog Systems Speech AMPS, TACS Second Generation Digital Systems Enhanced Capacity CDMA, D-AMPS, TDMA, GSM, DECT, PDC 2.5 Generation Systems Low Speed Data GPRS, EDGE Third Generation Systems “INTERNET” on Wireless WiFi/HyperLAN <-> WiMAX/HyperWAN <-> CDMA2000/WCDMA Evolution to All IP Network including VoIP Representative Wireless Standards : Representative Wireless Standards GSM/TDMA Time Division Multiplexing based access CDMA Code Division Multiplexing based access OFDM Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing Many toys to play with TDMA/FDMA : TDMA/FDMA Give the same air to all CDMA : CDMA X I I I All persons are created equal Channelization code: Separate xmissions from a single source from each other Scrambling code: separate different sources from each other Spreading Code = Channelization code x Scrambling code Multipath Arrival of Signals : Multipath Arrival of Signals CDMA Rake Receiver : CDMA Rake Receiver Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) : Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) Successor to Frequency Hopping and Direct Sequence CDMA Capability to cancel multipath distortion in a spectrally efficient manner without requiring multiple local oscillators (802.11a and 802.16) Based on use of IFFT and FFT Frequency orthogonality as compared to code orthogonality in CDMA using Walsh Code 3G Services : 3G Services Who is first? – the customer; who is second? - No one Key Mobility Services : Key Mobility Services Multimedia Messaging Services (MMS) Text, sounds, images, and video Transition from Short Message Service (SMS) Open Internet standards for messaging Web Applications Information portals Wireless Markup Language (WML) with signals using Wireless Application Protocol (WAP) Location Communications Services Location Awareness Based Personalization of information presentation format Service capability negotiations (MExE environment) Customized Application for Mobile Enhanced Logic (CAMEL) : Customized Application for Mobile Enhanced Logic (CAMEL) CAMEL = IN + Service portability (incl mobility and roaming) Virtual Private Network (VPN) Mobile user <-> ISP <-> corporate server Mobility, Security, Capacity and quality Prepaid, Usage Limitations, Advanced Routing Services Virtual Home Environment (VHE) Subscriber profile, charging information, Service information, numbering information Integration of array of services, content conversion to heterogeneous services, network user profile, location aware services Take the claims with a grain of salt Slide 13: GSM Network C, D Gw-MSC C E, ISUP PSTN/ISDN ISUP GSM04.08 Call MSC VLR A UE SMS-GW SCP IN gsm SCF SSP Circuit domain Slide 14: GSM & GPRS C, D Gw-MSC C E, ISUP PSTN/ISDN ISUP GSM04.08+ Call MSC VLR A UE SMS-GW GGSN PDN Gi Gb SGSN Data, voice, video call GSM04.08+ Gr Gc Gn CGw Ga Ga SCP IN gsm SCF SSP IP Services Circuit domain Packet domain Slide 15: WCDMA/UMTS C+, D+ Gw-MSC C E+, ISUP PSTN/ISDN ISUP GSM04.08++ Call 3G-MSC VLR Iu-cs UE SMS-GW GGSN PDN Gi+ Iu-ps 3G-SGSN Data, voice, video call GSM04.08++ Gr+ Gc+ Gn+ CGw Ga+ Ga+ SCP IN, CAMEL gsm SCF SSP IP Services Circuit domain Packet domain Slide 16: GSM/UMTS Bit rate, Mobility and Services High Bit Rate, Kbps Low Text Messaging Mobility Voice 76.0 GPRS 384.0 EDGE UMTS 2 Mb/s 9.6 14.4 HSCSD CS Data Fax GSM HSCSD GPRS (stationary) (Car / Train) 3G Evolution : 3G Evolution GSM HSCSD 15.2 kbps GPRS 170 kbps EDGE 473 kbps EDGE Ph2 GRAN 473 kbps TDMA CDPD 43.2 kbps TD-SCDMA 284 kbps TD-SCDMA Ph 2 2 Mbps PDA/PDC-P 14.4 kbps WCDMA FDD 2 Mbps WCDMA TDD 2 Mbps WCDMA HSDPA 10 Mbps cdmaOne 76.8 kbps CDMA2000 1x 307 kps 1XEV-DO (HDR) 2.4 Mbps 1XEV-DV (HDR) 5.4 Mbps WLAN IEEE 802.11b 11 Mbps HyperLAN2 54 Mbps IEEE 802.11 a/h 54 Mbps Harmonized HyperLAN2 And IEEE 802.11a Ref: Honkasalo et al, WCDMA and WLAN for 3G and Beyond, IEEE Wireless Communication, Apr 2002 3.5G 2.5G WiMAX/HyperMAN also in the mix Some Representative Current Wireless Options : Some Representative Current Wireless Options 3G Cellular (WCDMA) Frequency Division Duplex (FDD): Uplink and Downlink are separated in frequency – (“symmetric”) Time Division Duplex (TDD): Uplink and Downlink are separated in time – allows “asymmetric” traffic (adjust time slots in uplink and downlink) 3G Cellular (CDMA2000) Wi Fi 802.11a and 802.11b; HyperLAN2 2.4 GHz band WiMAX 802.16d (fixed); 802.16e (“portable”) 5.8 GHz band; 10 – 20 Mbps symmetrical BW Blue Tooth RF based LAN technology; 20-30 feet coverage 2.4 GHz band Darwin’s Theory of Evolution and Survival of the fittest 3G WCDMA : 3G WCDMA Release 99 Release 4 Release 5 Domains, Protocols, and Channels Radio Resource Management Network Dimensioning and Optimization Quality of Service (QoS0 and Location Services The favored twin sister of CDMA2000 Release 99 : Release 99 Radio Bearer Negotiations Traffic Classes Complex Scrambling Speech Codec – (eight) Adaptive Multi Rate (AMR) Battery Life Transmission “spatial/antenna” diversity Compressed Mode Measurements in multiple frequency Use of transmission time reduction techniques # PDP Contexts per IP Address QPSK; coherent detection; Rake receiver Short and Long Spreading Codes Multicall – several simultaneous CS calls with dedicated bearers of independent traffic and performance characteristics Customized Application for Mobile network Enhanced Logic (CAMEL) Phase 3 A lot to gobble Release 4 : Release 4 Bearer Independent Core Network Tandem Free Operation (TFO), Transcoder Free Operation (TrFO), and Out of Band Transcoder Control (OoBTC) Low Chip Rate TDD Operation Network Assisted Cell Change FDD Repeater NodeB Synchronization for TDD IPv6 packet switched network supporting both real time and non-real time traffic Session Initiated Protocol (SIP) replacing SS7 Home Subscriber Server (HSS) MSC/VLR -> MSC server (mobility management) and MGW (Connection management subtasks) Multimedia Message Service (MMS) environment Release 5 : Release 5 IP Transport in UTRAN High Speed Downlink Packet Access (HSDPA) (upto 10 Mbps) Intra Domain Connection to Multiple CN Nodes (Iuflex) IP Multimedia CN Subsystem (IMS) “Guaranteed” End to End (E2E) QoS in the PS domain Global Text Telephony Support for Real Time Services in packet domain CAMEL Phase 4 HSDPA : HSDPA Peak Data rate > 10 Mbps Same spectrum by both voice and data Up to 12 spreading codes for High Speed DSCH (HS-DSCH) Fast link Adaptation Both code and time division for channel sharing Transmission Time interval 2 ms Hybrid Automatic Repeat reQuest (HARQ) Automatic optimizations to Channel Quality Indicator (CQI) QPSK and 16 QAM modulation at 3.84 Mhz symbol; spreading factor fixed to 16 Incremental Redundancy or chase combining (CH) New DPCCH2 in uplink primarily for HARQ channel state info WCDMA Domains : WCDMA Domains Standardization of architecture (domains) and standardization of protocols (strata) WCDMA Protocol Layers : WCDMA Protocol Layers WCDMA L1, L2, and RRC Sublayer : WCDMA L1, L2, and RRC Sublayer WCDMA Channels : WCDMA Channels Transport Channels: how information transferred over the radio interface Logical Channels: Type of information transferred over the radio interface Channels made by soft hats Mapping Between Channels : Mapping Between Channels N to M WCDMA Channel Usage Examples : WCDMA Channel Usage Examples Flexibility comes with responsibility Radio Resource Management : Radio Resource Management Power Control Handover Access Control Load and Congestion Control Packet Scheduling WCDMA Power Control (near = far) : WCDMA Power Control (near = far) Uplink and downlink (1500 Hz) Open Loop Power Control Closed Loop Power Control Outer Loop Power Control Equal Opportunity Administration (EOA) WCDMA Handovers : WCDMA Handovers Hard and Inter-frequency handovers Intersystem cell-reselection “Equivalent PLMN mode” (autonomous cell re-selection (packet) idle mode) Softer Soft Handover Algorithm : Handover Algorithm A relay race with multiple batons Network Dimensioning and Optimization : Network Dimensioning and Optimization Dimensioning Criteria Coverage, Capacity, Quality of Service Dimensioning Link budget, capacity (hard and soft) and load factor Estimation of average interference power Coverage end Outage probabilities Optimization Performance Requirements Antenna adjustments, neighbor lists, scrambling codes Don’t force a round peg in a square hole WCDMA Quality of Service (Qos) : WCDMA Quality of Service (Qos) Dynamic Negotiations of properties / Services of radio bearer Thruput, transfer delay, data error rate Authentications One way communications is no communications Location Services (LCS) : Location Services (LCS) Cell ID based Observed Time Difference Arrival – Idle Period Downlink (OTDOA-IPDL) Network Assisted GPS You can run but you cannot hide Why Move Towards 4G? : Why Move Towards 4G? Limitation to meet expectations of applications like multimedia, full motion video, wireless teleconferencing Wider Bandwidth Difficult to move and interoperate due to different standards hampering global mobility and service portability Primarily Cellular (WAN) with distinct LANs’; need a new integrated network Limitations in applying recent advances in spectrally more efficient modulation schemes Need all all digital network to fully utilize IP and converged video and data Incessant human desire to reach the sky Where Do We Want to Go? : Where Do We Want to Go? Seamless Roaming Integrated “standard” Networks Mobile Intelligent Internet Onwards to (Ultra) Wideband Wireless IP Networks We are no longer in Kansas, Toto Upcoming : Upcoming 3.5 G Evolved radio Interface IP based core network 4G New Air Interface Very high bit rate services Convergence of Wireline, Wireless, and IP worlds And Now for Something Completely Different 3G All-IP Reference Architecture : 3G All-IP Reference Architecture Iu Gi R Uu Gn Gc Gp Signalling and Data Transfer Interface Signalling Interface Gr Other PLMN Gn Applications & Services SCP CAP TE MT SGSN GGSN HLR SGSN GGSN Multimedia IP Networks UTRAN Slide 41: WCDMA 3G Evolution to All-IP Network UTRAN 3.5G Radio Network Evolution : 3.5G Radio Network Evolution High Data rate, low latency, packet optimized radio access Support flexible bandwidth upto 20 MHz, new transmission schemes, advanced multi-antenna technologies, and signaling optimization Instantaneous peak DL 100 Mb/s and UP 50 Mb/S within 20 MHz spectrum Control plane latency of < 100 ms (camped to active) and < 50 ms (dormant to active) > 200 users per cell within 5 MHz spectrum Spectrum flexibility from 1.25 MHz to 20 MHz Eliminate “dedicated” channels; avoid macro diversity in DL Migrate towards OFDM in DL and SC-FDMA in UL Support voice services in the packet domain Adaptive Modulation and Coding using Channel Quality Indicator (CQI) measurements 3.5G WCDMA Evolved System Architecture : 3.5G WCDMA Evolved System Architecture Source: www.3gpp.org Key 3G and 4G Parameters : Key 3G and 4G Parameters Key 4G Mobility Concepts : Key 4G Mobility Concepts Mobile IP VoIP Ability to move around with the same IP address IP tunnels Intelligent Internet Presence Awareness Technology Knowing who is on line and where Radio Router Bringing IP to the base station Smart Antennas Unique spatial metric for each transmission Wireless IP <---> IP Wireless 4G Networks Advances : 4G Networks Advances Seamless mobility (roaming) Roam freely from one standard to another Integrate different modes of wireless communications – indoor networks (e.g., wireless LANs and Bluetooth); cellular signals; radio and TV; satellite communications 100 Mb/se full mobility (wide area); 1 Gbit/s low mobility (local area) IP-based communications systems for integrated voice, data, and video IP RAN Open unified standards Stream Control Transmission Protocol (SCTP) Successor to “SS7”; replacement for TCP Maintain several data streams within a single connection Service Location Protocol (SLP) Automatic resource discovery Make all networked resources dynamically configurable through IP-based service and directory agents The demise of SS7 4G Networks Advances – cont’d : 4G Networks Advances – cont’d Diameter Successor to “Radius” Unified authentication, authorization, and accounting (AAA) Integrated LAN card and Subscriber Identity Modules (SIMs) HSS Unified Subscriber Information Application developers, Service providers, and content creators Expand beyond the circle Key Challenges : Key Challenges Spectral Efficiencies Challenge Shannon’s fundamental law of data communications (BW, Sig/No) Hardware Frequency Synthesis techniques esp. for Frequency Hop (FH) systems Traffic characteristics management (burstiness, directionality) Multi Carrier Modulation (MCM) Baseband process using parallel equal bandwidth subchannels MC-CDMA; OFDM Quadrature Phase-Shift Keying (QPSK); Multilevel Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (M-QAM); Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) Add cyclic extension or guard band to data Challenges of Inter Symbol Interference (ISI) and Peak to Average Ratio (PAVR) No pain, no gain Key Challenges - cont’d - 1 : Key Challenges - cont’d - 1 Signal Processing and optimizations Handling extremely large number of users Synchronous and asynchronous transmissions Orthogonality / correlation of large number of codes Spectrum Pollution Multi path re-enforcement / interference Multi User Detection (MUD) and Adaptive Interference suppression techniques (ISI and MAI) Key Challenges - cont’d - 2 : Key Challenges - cont’d - 2 Extremely Fast Arithmetic (esp. multiplication) N Dimensional vector spaces IFFT, FFT Advanced DSP’s for parsing and processing data Smart / Intelligent Antennas Dynamically adjust beam pattern based on CQI Switched beam Antennas; adaptive arrays Coverage limitations due to high frequencies (> 5 GHz) Manage Entropy Key Challenges - cont’d - 3 : Key Challenges - cont’d - 3 More Efficient and Sensitive Transreceiver Designs Noise figure, gain, group delay, bandwidth, sensitivity, tunable filters, spurious rejection, power consumption Frequency Reuse; linearity techniques Tight closed Loop power control Dynamic Frequency selection and packet assignments Multi band, wide band, and flexible radios Error Correction Coding “Perfect” Synchronization / phase alignment between Xmitter and Receiver Clock recovery algorithms (e.g., as times-two, zero crossing) Adaptive digitization of speech and multi media signals A/D and D/A transformations 4G RF/IF Architecture Example : 4G RF/IF Architecture Example Source: http://www.mobileinfo.com/3G/4G_CommSystemArticle.htm 4G Transreceiver Processing Example : 4G Transreceiver Processing Example Source: http://www.mobileinfo.com/3G/4G_CommSystemArticle.htm Key Challenges - cont’d - 4 : Key Challenges - cont’d - 4 All IP Network Tunneling and Firewalls Fast Handoff control, authentication, realtime location tracking, distributed policy management Media Gateways for handling packet switched traffic Trasnscoders, echo cancellations, media conversions Planetary Interoperability Integration across different topologies Multi Disciplinary Cooperation WPAN WLAN WWAN WMAN There is packet at the end of the tunnel + IP Key Challenges - cont’d - 5 : Key Challenges - cont’d - 5 Distribute intelligence to the edges Very Smart User equipment; away from “network Centric” architecture Access routers Miniaturization esp User Equipment Security and Levels of Quality of Service (QoS) Encryption Protocols; Security and “trust of information” Different rates, error profiles, latencies, burstiness Dynamic optimization of scarce resources Advanced Used interactions / presentation Improved User interfaces advanced Speech recognition and synthesis Flexible displays Key Challenges - cont’d - 6 : Key Challenges - cont’d - 6 Web AI service / Interactive Intelligent Programs Smart applications in the web; intelligent agents Web Adaptiveness – global database schemes, global error corrective feedback, logic layer protocol, learning algorithms Symbolic manipulation Derive specifically targeted knowledge from diverse information sources Standardizations and Regulatory Modulation techniques, switching schemes, roaming Spectrum Cooperation/coordination among global Spectrum Regulators 4G Forums : 4G Forums Wireless World Research Forum (WWRF) in Europe Next-Generation Internet (NGI) Led by and focused on US Fed Agencies (DoD, DoE, NASA, NIH etc.) High Performance networks: vBNS (NSF), NREN (NASA), DREN (DoD), ESnet (DoE), Internet2 US Universities Initiated Focus on Gigabit/sec Points of Presence (gigaPoPs) Summary : Summary Mobile Intelligent Internet and multi media applications Seamless Roaming, substantially high and selectable user bandwidth, customized QoS, Intelligent and responsive user interface Mobile IP, Radio Routers, smart Antennas Continued advances and challenges from 1G -> 4G Modulation techniques, transreceiver advances, fast manipulations, user interfaces, IP tunelling and firewalls Spectrum usage, regulatory decisions, “one” standard, authentication and security, multi disciplinary co-operation Packing so much intelligence in smaller and smaller physical space, esp. User Equipment (UE) IP + WPAN + WLAN + WMAN + WWAN + any other stragglers = 4G IP in the sky with diamonds Slide 59: Back-up 1st Generation Analog Cellular Systems : 1st Generation Analog Cellular Systems 2nd Generation Cellular and Cordless Systems : 2nd Generation Cellular and Cordless Systems 3G WCDMA and CDMA2000 Standards : 3G WCDMA and CDMA2000 Standards Cdma2000 Layered Structure : Cdma2000 Layered Structure UMTS Spectrum Allocation : UMTS Spectrum Allocation WCDMA Circuit Switched Protocols : WCDMA Circuit Switched Protocols PHY Phy-up MAC RLC RRC MM CM ATM AAL2 FP AAL5 SSCOP SSCF-UNI SSCOP PHY AAL5 SSCF-UNI ALCAP NBAP Phy-up MAC RLC RRC PHY ATM Q.2630.1 Q.2150.1 MTP3b SSCF-NNI SSCOP AAL5 Iu UP AAL2 PHY ATM Q.2630.1 Q.2150.1 MTP3b SSCF-NNI SSCOP AAL5 UE Node B RNC Core CODEC WCDMA PACKET CONTROL PLANE PROTOCOLS : WCDMA PACKET CONTROL PLANE PROTOCOLS Uu Iub Iu-ps WCDMA PACKET USER PLANE PROTOCOLS : WCDMA PACKET USER PLANE PROTOCOLS HSDPA Protocol Architecture : HSDPA Protocol Architecture IMS Architecture : IMS Architecture Standards : Standards IEEE 802.11a and b: Wireless LAN (WiFi) IEEE 802.15: Wireless PAN (Bluetooth) IEEE 802.16d and e: Wireless MAN (WiMAX) IS-41: Inter-systems operation (TIA/EIA-41) IS-54: 1st Gen (US) TDMA; 6 users per 30 KHz channel IS-88: CDMA IS-91: Analog Callular air interface IS-93: Wireless to PSTN Interface IS-95: TIA for CDMA (US) (Cdmaone) IS-124: Call detail and billing record IS-136: 2nd Genr TDMA (TDMA control channel) IS-637: CDMA Short Message Service (SMS) IS-756: TIA for Wireless Network Portability (WNP) IS-2000: cdma2000 air interface (follow on to TIA/EIA 95-B) Glossary : Glossary 3GPP:3G Partnership Project AAA:Authentication, Authorization, Accounting AMR:Adaptive Multi Rate (Speech Codec) ANSI:American National Standards Institute ARIB:Association of Radio Industries and Businesses (Japan) BRAN:Broadband Radio Access Network (HYPERLAN 2) 2.5 Mbps CAMEL:Customized Application for Mobile Enhanced Logic CDMA:Code Division Multiple Access CWTS: China Wireless Telecommunications Standards group (China) ECMA:European Computer Manufacturers Association EDGE:Enhanced Data for GSM Evolution ETSI:European Telecommunications Standards Institute FDD:Frequency Division Duplex FDMA:Frequency Division Multiple Access GGSN:Gateway GPRS Support Node GMSC:Gateway MSC GPRS:General Packet Radio Service GSM:Global System for Mobile communication GTP:GPRS Tunneling Protocol HIPERLAN:High Performance Radio Local Area Network HLR:Home Location Register HSCSD: High Speed Circuit Switched Data HYPERLAN: High Performance Radio Access network IMSI:International Mobile Subscriber Identity IMT:International Mobile Telecommunications ITU:International Telecommunications Union OVSF:Orthogonal Variable Spreading Factor PDN:Public Data Network PLMN:Public Land Mobile Network PSTN:Public Switched Telephone Network QoS:Quality of Service RAB:Radio Access Bearer RNC:Radio Network Controller RRC:Radio Resource Control SGSN:Servicing GPRS Support Node SIM:Subscriber Identity Module TDD:Time Division Duplex TDMA:Time Division Multiple Access TTA:Telecommunications Technology Association (Korea) TTC:Telecommunications Technology Commission (Japan) UMTS:Universal Mobile Telecommunications System UTRAN:UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access Network VoIP:Voice over Internet Protocol WCDMA:Wideband Code Division Multiple Access WLAN: Wireless Local Area Network WPAN: Wireless Personal Area Network WWAN: Wireless Wide Area Network References : References 1. www.3gpp.org 2. WCDMA for UMTS, Ed.: H. Holma and A. Toskala, John Wiley, 2001 3. UMTS - Mobile Communications for the Future, Ed. F.Muratore, John Wiley, 2001 4. WCDMA: Towards IP Mobility and Mobile Internet, Eds E.Djanpera and R.Prasad, Artech House, 2001 5. IS-95 CDMA and CDMA2000, V.K.Garg, Publishing House of Electronics Industry, Beijing, 2002 6. IP Telephony, O. Hersent, D. Gurle Et, and J-P Petit, Addison-Wesley, 2000 7. www.mobileinfo.com You do not have the permission to view this presentation. In order to view it, please contact the author of the presentation.
3G_4G Adv_Chal 041406 ver1 amitmaheshpur Download Post to : URL : Related Presentations : Share Add to Flag Embed Email Send to Blogs and Networks Add to Channel Uploaded from authorPOINT lite Insert YouTube videos in PowerPont slides with aS Desktop Copy embed code: (To copy code, click on the text box) Embed: URL: Thumbnail: WordPress Embed Customize Embed The presentation is successfully added In Your Favorites. Views: 168 Category: Science & Tech.. License: All Rights Reserved Like it (0) Dislike it (0) Added: January 24, 2011 This Presentation is Public Favorites: 1 Presentation Description No description available. Comments Posting comment... By: simulationguy (7 month(s) ago) thanx for upload Saving..... Post Reply Close Saving..... Edit Comment Close By: Eng.Tamer (15 month(s) ago) please send this ppt to my email antimo_romancia@yahoo.com Thanks Saving..... Post Reply Close Saving..... Edit Comment Close By: Eng.Tamer (15 month(s) ago) please send this ppt to my email antimo_romancia@yahoo.com Thanks Saving..... Post Reply Close Saving..... Edit Comment Close By: Eng.Tamer (15 month(s) ago) please send this ppt to my email antimo_romancia@yahoo.com Thanks Saving..... Post Reply Close Saving..... Edit Comment Close By: sandesh.andrade (15 month(s) ago) plz send this ppt me at sandesh.andrade@ovi.com Saving..... Post Reply Close Saving..... Edit Comment Close Premium member Presentation Transcript 3G and 4G Wireless – Advances and Challenges : 3G and 4G Wireless – Advances and Challenges Suresh R. Borkar Adjunct Faculty, Dept of ECE, Ill Instt. of Tech. sureshbo@hotmail.com Apr 14, 2006 3G and 4G Wireless – Advances and Challenges : 3G and 4G Wireless – Advances and Challenges Where are we? 3G Wireless Summary Where do we Want to go? Evolution to Seamless Networking 4G Wireless Challenges The one who stays still is left behind Where are We? : Where are We? Classic Wireline MaBell Public Switched Telephone Network (PSTN) US Universal coverage achieved early 1980’s “Wireless” First Generation Analog Systems Speech AMPS, TACS Second Generation Digital Systems Enhanced Capacity CDMA, D-AMPS, TDMA, GSM, DECT, PDC 2.5 Generation Systems Low Speed Data GPRS, EDGE Third Generation Systems “INTERNET” on Wireless WiFi/HyperLAN <-> WiMAX/HyperWAN <-> CDMA2000/WCDMA Evolution to All IP Network including VoIP Representative Wireless Standards : Representative Wireless Standards GSM/TDMA Time Division Multiplexing based access CDMA Code Division Multiplexing based access OFDM Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing Many toys to play with TDMA/FDMA : TDMA/FDMA Give the same air to all CDMA : CDMA X I I I All persons are created equal Channelization code: Separate xmissions from a single source from each other Scrambling code: separate different sources from each other Spreading Code = Channelization code x Scrambling code Multipath Arrival of Signals : Multipath Arrival of Signals CDMA Rake Receiver : CDMA Rake Receiver Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) : Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) Successor to Frequency Hopping and Direct Sequence CDMA Capability to cancel multipath distortion in a spectrally efficient manner without requiring multiple local oscillators (802.11a and 802.16) Based on use of IFFT and FFT Frequency orthogonality as compared to code orthogonality in CDMA using Walsh Code 3G Services : 3G Services Who is first? – the customer; who is second? - No one Key Mobility Services : Key Mobility Services Multimedia Messaging Services (MMS) Text, sounds, images, and video Transition from Short Message Service (SMS) Open Internet standards for messaging Web Applications Information portals Wireless Markup Language (WML) with signals using Wireless Application Protocol (WAP) Location Communications Services Location Awareness Based Personalization of information presentation format Service capability negotiations (MExE environment) Customized Application for Mobile Enhanced Logic (CAMEL) : Customized Application for Mobile Enhanced Logic (CAMEL) CAMEL = IN + Service portability (incl mobility and roaming) Virtual Private Network (VPN) Mobile user <-> ISP <-> corporate server Mobility, Security, Capacity and quality Prepaid, Usage Limitations, Advanced Routing Services Virtual Home Environment (VHE) Subscriber profile, charging information, Service information, numbering information Integration of array of services, content conversion to heterogeneous services, network user profile, location aware services Take the claims with a grain of salt Slide 13: GSM Network C, D Gw-MSC C E, ISUP PSTN/ISDN ISUP GSM04.08 Call MSC VLR A UE SMS-GW SCP IN gsm SCF SSP Circuit domain Slide 14: GSM & GPRS C, D Gw-MSC C E, ISUP PSTN/ISDN ISUP GSM04.08+ Call MSC VLR A UE SMS-GW GGSN PDN Gi Gb SGSN Data, voice, video call GSM04.08+ Gr Gc Gn CGw Ga Ga SCP IN gsm SCF SSP IP Services Circuit domain Packet domain Slide 15: WCDMA/UMTS C+, D+ Gw-MSC C E+, ISUP PSTN/ISDN ISUP GSM04.08++ Call 3G-MSC VLR Iu-cs UE SMS-GW GGSN PDN Gi+ Iu-ps 3G-SGSN Data, voice, video call GSM04.08++ Gr+ Gc+ Gn+ CGw Ga+ Ga+ SCP IN, CAMEL gsm SCF SSP IP Services Circuit domain Packet domain Slide 16: GSM/UMTS Bit rate, Mobility and Services High Bit Rate, Kbps Low Text Messaging Mobility Voice 76.0 GPRS 384.0 EDGE UMTS 2 Mb/s 9.6 14.4 HSCSD CS Data Fax GSM HSCSD GPRS (stationary) (Car / Train) 3G Evolution : 3G Evolution GSM HSCSD 15.2 kbps GPRS 170 kbps EDGE 473 kbps EDGE Ph2 GRAN 473 kbps TDMA CDPD 43.2 kbps TD-SCDMA 284 kbps TD-SCDMA Ph 2 2 Mbps PDA/PDC-P 14.4 kbps WCDMA FDD 2 Mbps WCDMA TDD 2 Mbps WCDMA HSDPA 10 Mbps cdmaOne 76.8 kbps CDMA2000 1x 307 kps 1XEV-DO (HDR) 2.4 Mbps 1XEV-DV (HDR) 5.4 Mbps WLAN IEEE 802.11b 11 Mbps HyperLAN2 54 Mbps IEEE 802.11 a/h 54 Mbps Harmonized HyperLAN2 And IEEE 802.11a Ref: Honkasalo et al, WCDMA and WLAN for 3G and Beyond, IEEE Wireless Communication, Apr 2002 3.5G 2.5G WiMAX/HyperMAN also in the mix Some Representative Current Wireless Options : Some Representative Current Wireless Options 3G Cellular (WCDMA) Frequency Division Duplex (FDD): Uplink and Downlink are separated in frequency – (“symmetric”) Time Division Duplex (TDD): Uplink and Downlink are separated in time – allows “asymmetric” traffic (adjust time slots in uplink and downlink) 3G Cellular (CDMA2000) Wi Fi 802.11a and 802.11b; HyperLAN2 2.4 GHz band WiMAX 802.16d (fixed); 802.16e (“portable”) 5.8 GHz band; 10 – 20 Mbps symmetrical BW Blue Tooth RF based LAN technology; 20-30 feet coverage 2.4 GHz band Darwin’s Theory of Evolution and Survival of the fittest 3G WCDMA : 3G WCDMA Release 99 Release 4 Release 5 Domains, Protocols, and Channels Radio Resource Management Network Dimensioning and Optimization Quality of Service (QoS0 and Location Services The favored twin sister of CDMA2000 Release 99 : Release 99 Radio Bearer Negotiations Traffic Classes Complex Scrambling Speech Codec – (eight) Adaptive Multi Rate (AMR) Battery Life Transmission “spatial/antenna” diversity Compressed Mode Measurements in multiple frequency Use of transmission time reduction techniques # PDP Contexts per IP Address QPSK; coherent detection; Rake receiver Short and Long Spreading Codes Multicall – several simultaneous CS calls with dedicated bearers of independent traffic and performance characteristics Customized Application for Mobile network Enhanced Logic (CAMEL) Phase 3 A lot to gobble Release 4 : Release 4 Bearer Independent Core Network Tandem Free Operation (TFO), Transcoder Free Operation (TrFO), and Out of Band Transcoder Control (OoBTC) Low Chip Rate TDD Operation Network Assisted Cell Change FDD Repeater NodeB Synchronization for TDD IPv6 packet switched network supporting both real time and non-real time traffic Session Initiated Protocol (SIP) replacing SS7 Home Subscriber Server (HSS) MSC/VLR -> MSC server (mobility management) and MGW (Connection management subtasks) Multimedia Message Service (MMS) environment Release 5 : Release 5 IP Transport in UTRAN High Speed Downlink Packet Access (HSDPA) (upto 10 Mbps) Intra Domain Connection to Multiple CN Nodes (Iuflex) IP Multimedia CN Subsystem (IMS) “Guaranteed” End to End (E2E) QoS in the PS domain Global Text Telephony Support for Real Time Services in packet domain CAMEL Phase 4 HSDPA : HSDPA Peak Data rate > 10 Mbps Same spectrum by both voice and data Up to 12 spreading codes for High Speed DSCH (HS-DSCH) Fast link Adaptation Both code and time division for channel sharing Transmission Time interval 2 ms Hybrid Automatic Repeat reQuest (HARQ) Automatic optimizations to Channel Quality Indicator (CQI) QPSK and 16 QAM modulation at 3.84 Mhz symbol; spreading factor fixed to 16 Incremental Redundancy or chase combining (CH) New DPCCH2 in uplink primarily for HARQ channel state info WCDMA Domains : WCDMA Domains Standardization of architecture (domains) and standardization of protocols (strata) WCDMA Protocol Layers : WCDMA Protocol Layers WCDMA L1, L2, and RRC Sublayer : WCDMA L1, L2, and RRC Sublayer WCDMA Channels : WCDMA Channels Transport Channels: how information transferred over the radio interface Logical Channels: Type of information transferred over the radio interface Channels made by soft hats Mapping Between Channels : Mapping Between Channels N to M WCDMA Channel Usage Examples : WCDMA Channel Usage Examples Flexibility comes with responsibility Radio Resource Management : Radio Resource Management Power Control Handover Access Control Load and Congestion Control Packet Scheduling WCDMA Power Control (near = far) : WCDMA Power Control (near = far) Uplink and downlink (1500 Hz) Open Loop Power Control Closed Loop Power Control Outer Loop Power Control Equal Opportunity Administration (EOA) WCDMA Handovers : WCDMA Handovers Hard and Inter-frequency handovers Intersystem cell-reselection “Equivalent PLMN mode” (autonomous cell re-selection (packet) idle mode) Softer Soft Handover Algorithm : Handover Algorithm A relay race with multiple batons Network Dimensioning and Optimization : Network Dimensioning and Optimization Dimensioning Criteria Coverage, Capacity, Quality of Service Dimensioning Link budget, capacity (hard and soft) and load factor Estimation of average interference power Coverage end Outage probabilities Optimization Performance Requirements Antenna adjustments, neighbor lists, scrambling codes Don’t force a round peg in a square hole WCDMA Quality of Service (Qos) : WCDMA Quality of Service (Qos) Dynamic Negotiations of properties / Services of radio bearer Thruput, transfer delay, data error rate Authentications One way communications is no communications Location Services (LCS) : Location Services (LCS) Cell ID based Observed Time Difference Arrival – Idle Period Downlink (OTDOA-IPDL) Network Assisted GPS You can run but you cannot hide Why Move Towards 4G? : Why Move Towards 4G? Limitation to meet expectations of applications like multimedia, full motion video, wireless teleconferencing Wider Bandwidth Difficult to move and interoperate due to different standards hampering global mobility and service portability Primarily Cellular (WAN) with distinct LANs’; need a new integrated network Limitations in applying recent advances in spectrally more efficient modulation schemes Need all all digital network to fully utilize IP and converged video and data Incessant human desire to reach the sky Where Do We Want to Go? : Where Do We Want to Go? Seamless Roaming Integrated “standard” Networks Mobile Intelligent Internet Onwards to (Ultra) Wideband Wireless IP Networks We are no longer in Kansas, Toto Upcoming : Upcoming 3.5 G Evolved radio Interface IP based core network 4G New Air Interface Very high bit rate services Convergence of Wireline, Wireless, and IP worlds And Now for Something Completely Different 3G All-IP Reference Architecture : 3G All-IP Reference Architecture Iu Gi R Uu Gn Gc Gp Signalling and Data Transfer Interface Signalling Interface Gr Other PLMN Gn Applications & Services SCP CAP TE MT SGSN GGSN HLR SGSN GGSN Multimedia IP Networks UTRAN Slide 41: WCDMA 3G Evolution to All-IP Network UTRAN 3.5G Radio Network Evolution : 3.5G Radio Network Evolution High Data rate, low latency, packet optimized radio access Support flexible bandwidth upto 20 MHz, new transmission schemes, advanced multi-antenna technologies, and signaling optimization Instantaneous peak DL 100 Mb/s and UP 50 Mb/S within 20 MHz spectrum Control plane latency of < 100 ms (camped to active) and < 50 ms (dormant to active) > 200 users per cell within 5 MHz spectrum Spectrum flexibility from 1.25 MHz to 20 MHz Eliminate “dedicated” channels; avoid macro diversity in DL Migrate towards OFDM in DL and SC-FDMA in UL Support voice services in the packet domain Adaptive Modulation and Coding using Channel Quality Indicator (CQI) measurements 3.5G WCDMA Evolved System Architecture : 3.5G WCDMA Evolved System Architecture Source: www.3gpp.org Key 3G and 4G Parameters : Key 3G and 4G Parameters Key 4G Mobility Concepts : Key 4G Mobility Concepts Mobile IP VoIP Ability to move around with the same IP address IP tunnels Intelligent Internet Presence Awareness Technology Knowing who is on line and where Radio Router Bringing IP to the base station Smart Antennas Unique spatial metric for each transmission Wireless IP <---> IP Wireless 4G Networks Advances : 4G Networks Advances Seamless mobility (roaming) Roam freely from one standard to another Integrate different modes of wireless communications – indoor networks (e.g., wireless LANs and Bluetooth); cellular signals; radio and TV; satellite communications 100 Mb/se full mobility (wide area); 1 Gbit/s low mobility (local area) IP-based communications systems for integrated voice, data, and video IP RAN Open unified standards Stream Control Transmission Protocol (SCTP) Successor to “SS7”; replacement for TCP Maintain several data streams within a single connection Service Location Protocol (SLP) Automatic resource discovery Make all networked resources dynamically configurable through IP-based service and directory agents The demise of SS7 4G Networks Advances – cont’d : 4G Networks Advances – cont’d Diameter Successor to “Radius” Unified authentication, authorization, and accounting (AAA) Integrated LAN card and Subscriber Identity Modules (SIMs) HSS Unified Subscriber Information Application developers, Service providers, and content creators Expand beyond the circle Key Challenges : Key Challenges Spectral Efficiencies Challenge Shannon’s fundamental law of data communications (BW, Sig/No) Hardware Frequency Synthesis techniques esp. for Frequency Hop (FH) systems Traffic characteristics management (burstiness, directionality) Multi Carrier Modulation (MCM) Baseband process using parallel equal bandwidth subchannels MC-CDMA; OFDM Quadrature Phase-Shift Keying (QPSK); Multilevel Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (M-QAM); Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) Add cyclic extension or guard band to data Challenges of Inter Symbol Interference (ISI) and Peak to Average Ratio (PAVR) No pain, no gain Key Challenges - cont’d - 1 : Key Challenges - cont’d - 1 Signal Processing and optimizations Handling extremely large number of users Synchronous and asynchronous transmissions Orthogonality / correlation of large number of codes Spectrum Pollution Multi path re-enforcement / interference Multi User Detection (MUD) and Adaptive Interference suppression techniques (ISI and MAI) Key Challenges - cont’d - 2 : Key Challenges - cont’d - 2 Extremely Fast Arithmetic (esp. multiplication) N Dimensional vector spaces IFFT, FFT Advanced DSP’s for parsing and processing data Smart / Intelligent Antennas Dynamically adjust beam pattern based on CQI Switched beam Antennas; adaptive arrays Coverage limitations due to high frequencies (> 5 GHz) Manage Entropy Key Challenges - cont’d - 3 : Key Challenges - cont’d - 3 More Efficient and Sensitive Transreceiver Designs Noise figure, gain, group delay, bandwidth, sensitivity, tunable filters, spurious rejection, power consumption Frequency Reuse; linearity techniques Tight closed Loop power control Dynamic Frequency selection and packet assignments Multi band, wide band, and flexible radios Error Correction Coding “Perfect” Synchronization / phase alignment between Xmitter and Receiver Clock recovery algorithms (e.g., as times-two, zero crossing) Adaptive digitization of speech and multi media signals A/D and D/A transformations 4G RF/IF Architecture Example : 4G RF/IF Architecture Example Source: http://www.mobileinfo.com/3G/4G_CommSystemArticle.htm 4G Transreceiver Processing Example : 4G Transreceiver Processing Example Source: http://www.mobileinfo.com/3G/4G_CommSystemArticle.htm Key Challenges - cont’d - 4 : Key Challenges - cont’d - 4 All IP Network Tunneling and Firewalls Fast Handoff control, authentication, realtime location tracking, distributed policy management Media Gateways for handling packet switched traffic Trasnscoders, echo cancellations, media conversions Planetary Interoperability Integration across different topologies Multi Disciplinary Cooperation WPAN WLAN WWAN WMAN There is packet at the end of the tunnel + IP Key Challenges - cont’d - 5 : Key Challenges - cont’d - 5 Distribute intelligence to the edges Very Smart User equipment; away from “network Centric” architecture Access routers Miniaturization esp User Equipment Security and Levels of Quality of Service (QoS) Encryption Protocols; Security and “trust of information” Different rates, error profiles, latencies, burstiness Dynamic optimization of scarce resources Advanced Used interactions / presentation Improved User interfaces advanced Speech recognition and synthesis Flexible displays Key Challenges - cont’d - 6 : Key Challenges - cont’d - 6 Web AI service / Interactive Intelligent Programs Smart applications in the web; intelligent agents Web Adaptiveness – global database schemes, global error corrective feedback, logic layer protocol, learning algorithms Symbolic manipulation Derive specifically targeted knowledge from diverse information sources Standardizations and Regulatory Modulation techniques, switching schemes, roaming Spectrum Cooperation/coordination among global Spectrum Regulators 4G Forums : 4G Forums Wireless World Research Forum (WWRF) in Europe Next-Generation Internet (NGI) Led by and focused on US Fed Agencies (DoD, DoE, NASA, NIH etc.) High Performance networks: vBNS (NSF), NREN (NASA), DREN (DoD), ESnet (DoE), Internet2 US Universities Initiated Focus on Gigabit/sec Points of Presence (gigaPoPs) Summary : Summary Mobile Intelligent Internet and multi media applications Seamless Roaming, substantially high and selectable user bandwidth, customized QoS, Intelligent and responsive user interface Mobile IP, Radio Routers, smart Antennas Continued advances and challenges from 1G -> 4G Modulation techniques, transreceiver advances, fast manipulations, user interfaces, IP tunelling and firewalls Spectrum usage, regulatory decisions, “one” standard, authentication and security, multi disciplinary co-operation Packing so much intelligence in smaller and smaller physical space, esp. User Equipment (UE) IP + WPAN + WLAN + WMAN + WWAN + any other stragglers = 4G IP in the sky with diamonds Slide 59: Back-up 1st Generation Analog Cellular Systems : 1st Generation Analog Cellular Systems 2nd Generation Cellular and Cordless Systems : 2nd Generation Cellular and Cordless Systems 3G WCDMA and CDMA2000 Standards : 3G WCDMA and CDMA2000 Standards Cdma2000 Layered Structure : Cdma2000 Layered Structure UMTS Spectrum Allocation : UMTS Spectrum Allocation WCDMA Circuit Switched Protocols : WCDMA Circuit Switched Protocols PHY Phy-up MAC RLC RRC MM CM ATM AAL2 FP AAL5 SSCOP SSCF-UNI SSCOP PHY AAL5 SSCF-UNI ALCAP NBAP Phy-up MAC RLC RRC PHY ATM Q.2630.1 Q.2150.1 MTP3b SSCF-NNI SSCOP AAL5 Iu UP AAL2 PHY ATM Q.2630.1 Q.2150.1 MTP3b SSCF-NNI SSCOP AAL5 UE Node B RNC Core CODEC WCDMA PACKET CONTROL PLANE PROTOCOLS : WCDMA PACKET CONTROL PLANE PROTOCOLS Uu Iub Iu-ps WCDMA PACKET USER PLANE PROTOCOLS : WCDMA PACKET USER PLANE PROTOCOLS HSDPA Protocol Architecture : HSDPA Protocol Architecture IMS Architecture : IMS Architecture Standards : Standards IEEE 802.11a and b: Wireless LAN (WiFi) IEEE 802.15: Wireless PAN (Bluetooth) IEEE 802.16d and e: Wireless MAN (WiMAX) IS-41: Inter-systems operation (TIA/EIA-41) IS-54: 1st Gen (US) TDMA; 6 users per 30 KHz channel IS-88: CDMA IS-91: Analog Callular air interface IS-93: Wireless to PSTN Interface IS-95: TIA for CDMA (US) (Cdmaone) IS-124: Call detail and billing record IS-136: 2nd Genr TDMA (TDMA control channel) IS-637: CDMA Short Message Service (SMS) IS-756: TIA for Wireless Network Portability (WNP) IS-2000: cdma2000 air interface (follow on to TIA/EIA 95-B) Glossary : Glossary 3GPP:3G Partnership Project AAA:Authentication, Authorization, Accounting AMR:Adaptive Multi Rate (Speech Codec) ANSI:American National Standards Institute ARIB:Association of Radio Industries and Businesses (Japan) BRAN:Broadband Radio Access Network (HYPERLAN 2) 2.5 Mbps CAMEL:Customized Application for Mobile Enhanced Logic CDMA:Code Division Multiple Access CWTS: China Wireless Telecommunications Standards group (China) ECMA:European Computer Manufacturers Association EDGE:Enhanced Data for GSM Evolution ETSI:European Telecommunications Standards Institute FDD:Frequency Division Duplex FDMA:Frequency Division Multiple Access GGSN:Gateway GPRS Support Node GMSC:Gateway MSC GPRS:General Packet Radio Service GSM:Global System for Mobile communication GTP:GPRS Tunneling Protocol HIPERLAN:High Performance Radio Local Area Network HLR:Home Location Register HSCSD: High Speed Circuit Switched Data HYPERLAN: High Performance Radio Access network IMSI:International Mobile Subscriber Identity IMT:International Mobile Telecommunications ITU:International Telecommunications Union OVSF:Orthogonal Variable Spreading Factor PDN:Public Data Network PLMN:Public Land Mobile Network PSTN:Public Switched Telephone Network QoS:Quality of Service RAB:Radio Access Bearer RNC:Radio Network Controller RRC:Radio Resource Control SGSN:Servicing GPRS Support Node SIM:Subscriber Identity Module TDD:Time Division Duplex TDMA:Time Division Multiple Access TTA:Telecommunications Technology Association (Korea) TTC:Telecommunications Technology Commission (Japan) UMTS:Universal Mobile Telecommunications System UTRAN:UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access Network VoIP:Voice over Internet Protocol WCDMA:Wideband Code Division Multiple Access WLAN: Wireless Local Area Network WPAN: Wireless Personal Area Network WWAN: Wireless Wide Area Network References : References 1. www.3gpp.org 2. WCDMA for UMTS, Ed.: H. Holma and A. Toskala, John Wiley, 2001 3. UMTS - Mobile Communications for the Future, Ed. F.Muratore, John Wiley, 2001 4. WCDMA: Towards IP Mobility and Mobile Internet, Eds E.Djanpera and R.Prasad, Artech House, 2001 5. IS-95 CDMA and CDMA2000, V.K.Garg, Publishing House of Electronics Industry, Beijing, 2002 6. IP Telephony, O. Hersent, D. Gurle Et, and J-P Petit, Addison-Wesley, 2000 7. www.mobileinfo.com