Slide 1: JERUSALEM
PAST, PRESENT, FUTURE 1
Slide 2: 2
Sequence : Sequence Introduction
Location
General Description
History
Religious Importance
Religious Sites
Muslims
Jews
Christians 3
Sequence (cont…) : Sequence (cont…) Present Situation
Israeli excavations
Future of Jerusalem
Conclusion
Questions 4
Slide 5: “Whoever has not
seen Jerusalem in its splendor has never seen a fine city.”
Babylonian Talmud (Succah, 51b) 5
Jerusalem : Jerusalem Hebrew : (Yerushalayim) “Legacy of peace” “The perfect city” or “The city of he who is perfect”
Arabic : (Al-Quds) “The Holy One”
Officially in Israel (Urshalim-Al-Quds) 6
Location : Location Center of Israel
3000 years ago by King David
Heart of the Biblical Israel
Surrounded by valleys and dry riverbeds
Kidron
Hinnom
Tyropoeon 7
Slide 8: 8
General Description : General Description Capital of Israel
Population : 732,100 residents
Area : 126 square kilometers
4th Millennium BCE
One of the oldest cities of the world
One of the Holiest city in the world 9
General Description (cont…) : General Description (cont…) The Old City
World Heritage Sites in danger
Divided into four quarters
Armenian
Christian
Jewish
Muslim
Sites of key religious importance 10
For Jews : For Jews Temple Mount Western Wall 11
For Christians : For Christians Church of the Holy Sepulchre 12
Slide 13: Al-Aqsa Mosque For Muslims 13
Slide 14: 14
Slide 15: 15
History : History Permanent settlement during Bronze Age
Founded by Shem and Eber
King David
Alexander the Great
Roman General Pompey
Persian King Khosrau
European crusaders
Saladin Ayubi 16
History (cont…) : History (cont…) Ottoman Empire
British troops took control in 1917
UN Declaration in 1947
West Jerusalem was declared capital of Israel in 1950
Israel occupies all of Jerusalem in 1967
Undivided Jerusalem was declared the eternal capital of Israel in 1980 17
Slide 18: 18
Slide 19: Present Day Jerusalem 19
Slide 20: Al Aqsa Compound 20
Al Aqsa Mosque : Al Aqsa Mosque First Qibla
35 acres of land
5000 worshippers
400,000 worshippers
11 gates
Four minarets
Muslim Council “Waqf”
Al Aqsa Intifada in 2000 21
Slide 22: Interior of Al Aqsa Mosque 22
Origin of Name : Origin of Name The farthest mosque
Isra and Mi’raj
Night journey of Holy Prophet PBUH
From a rock, ascended to Heaven
Five daily prayers The Dome of the Rock 23
History : History Forty years after the construction of Kaba
Prophet Ibrahim (PBUH) established a place of worship.
The House Of Allah or Beteyel
Jacob (PBUH) extended Beteyel as a place of worship for all the believers of Allah (God) in the region.
David (PBUH) , Solomon (PBUH) and Zakaria (PBUH) 24
Construction : Construction Before Islam it was under Roman Empire
Abandoned and abused area
Restoration of the Mosque site by Caliph Umar bin Khatab in 637
687-691, Caliph Abd al-Malik built a shrine over the sacred rock
709-715, Caliph Al-Walid built, renovated, and expanded the mosque south of the Dome
Major restorations during 14th and 20th century 25
Slide 26: The Dome of the Rock 26
The Temple Mount : The Temple Mount First Temple or Solomon's Temple was built in the 10th century BCE
Destroyed by Babylonians in 586 BCE
Persian King Cyrus the Great
Second Temple completed in 516 BCE
During reign of Darius the Great
Destroyed by Roman Empire in 70 CE 27
Slide 28: Artist's Depiction of the First Temple
(According to Biblical Descriptions) 28
Slide 29: Destruction of Second Temple 29
Slide 30: The Western Wall 30
The Western Wall : The Western Wall HaKotel HaMa'aravi or The Kotel
Wailing Wall
Holy of Holies
Most Holy Place in Judaism
Large outdoor synagogue
Religious celebrations 31
Slide 32: Jews Praying by the Western Wall 32
Holy of Holies : Holy of Holies Kadosh Hakadashim
The most Holy place
Solomon's Temple and the Second Temple were standing
Use in a future Third Temple
The exact location is a subject of dispute 33
Holy of Holies : Holy of Holies Restricted holy areas
Temple Mount
Dome of The Rock
Only the High Priest on Yom Kippur
Foundation of the universe
Isaac was bound by Abraham
Jacob slept and dreamed of a ladder 34
Slide 35: Religious Gathering at Western Wall 35
Church of the Holy Sepulchre : Church of the Holy Sepulchre 36
Church of the Holy Sepulchre : Church of the Holy Sepulchre Church of the Resurrection
Within the walled Old City of Jerusalem
The Holiest place on Earth for Christians
Golgotha
Place where Jesus was crucified
Place where Jesus was buried (Sepulchre)
Important pilgrimage destination
Headquarters of the Orthodox and the Catholic Archpriest 37
Slide 38: The Tomb of Jesus Christ 38
History : History Constantine I in 325
Saint Macarius, Bishop of Jerusalem
Constantine's mother Saint Helena
Church of the Holy Sepulchre
Church of the Nativity in Bethlehem Church of the Holy Sepulchre (1885) 39
Church of the Holy Sepulchre : Church of the Holy Sepulchre Damaged by fire in 614
Khosrau II invaded Jerusalem
Emperor Heraclius in 630
Under the Muslims rule
Riot in 966
Completely destroyed on October 18, 1009
Fatimid caliph Al-Hakim The Edicule of the Holy Sepulchre 40
Church of the Holy Sepulchre : Church of the Holy Sepulchre Sites were taken by Knights of the First Crusade in1099
Reconstruction in the mid-12th century
Renovations were completed during reign of Queen Melisende in 1149
The current dome dates from 1870
Extensive modern renovations began in 1959
Restoration of the dome from 1994–1997 41
Christian Communities : Christian Communities The primary custodians churches
Greek Orthodox
Armenian Apostolic
Roman Catholic.
In 19th century
Coptic Orthodox
Ethiopian Orthodox
Syriac Orthodox
Times and places of worship Main entrance to the Church 42
Present Scenario : Present Scenario Ministry of Religious Affairs
Chief Rabbinate of Israel
Council of Waqf and Muslim Affairs
Patriarchs of Eastern Orthodox churches
Coexistence between religious groups have predominantly been peaceful
At times political instability resulted in riots and violence 43
Israeli Excavations : Israeli Excavations 44
Israeli excavations at Al-Aqsa Mosque : Israeli excavations at Al-Aqsa Mosque Archaeological project In the 1980‘s
Area of Masjid Al-Aqsa
They were searching for the Temple Of Solomon
They were unable to locate the Temple
Discovered the tunnel of King Je-hoia-chin
The Israelis claimed that the search was a success 45
Israeli Excavations at Al-Aqsa Mosque : Israeli Excavations at Al-Aqsa Mosque Started again in 2007
Plan to rebuild the Mugrabi bridge
From the Dung gate to the Mugrabi gate
Primary entrance to the compound
Sparked and provoked Muslims
Damage to the Al Aqsa mosque and its foundation 46
Future of Jerusalem : Future of Jerusalem Jews not ready to leave
East Jerusalem - the future capital of a Palestinian state
Temple Mount Faithful
Desire to rebuild the ancient Jewish Temple where Al Aqsa Mosque is standing
Al Aqsa Martyr’s Brigade
The future is uncertain 47
Questions ??? : Questions ??? 48