Resplendent Sources Of Energy

RESPLENDENT SOURCES OF ENERGY Presented by Group C : 

RESPLENDENT SOURCES OF ENERGY Presented by Group C

Discussion Topics: 

Discussion Topics a)Solar Energy b)Wind Energy

Solar Energy: 

Solar Energy

What Do You Mean By Solar Energy?: 

What Do You Mean By Solar Energy? Solar energy, at its most basic, is radiation generated by the sun that reaches the earth as light and heat. That energy can be converted into a usable form by man-made means. It is a renewable source of energy .

Energy from the Sun : 

Energy from the Sun The Earth receives 174 pet watts (PW) of incoming solar radiation at the upper atmosphere. Approximately 30% is reflected back to space while the rest is absorbed by clouds, oceans and land masses. The spectrum of solar light at the Earth's surface is mostly spread across the visible and near-infrared

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ranges with a small part in the near-ultraviolet. The total solar energy absorbed by Earth's atmosphere, oceans and land masses is approximately 3,850,000 exajoules (EJ) per year. In 2002, this was more energy in one hour than the world used in one year.

The surface receives about 47% of the total solar energy that reaches the Earth. Only this amount is usable. : 

The surface receives about 47% of the total solar energy that reaches the Earth. Only this amount is usable.

Applications of solar technology   : 

Applications of solar technology

Architecture and urban planning: 

Architecture and urban planning Advanced solar architecture and urban planning methods were first employed by the Greeks and Chinese, who oriented their buildings toward the south to provide light and warmth.

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The common features of passive solar architecture are orientation relative to the Sun, compact proportion (a low surface area to volume ratio), selective shading (overhangs) and thermal mass. When these features are tailored to the local climate and environment they can produce well-lit spaces that stay in a comfortable temperature range.

Darmstadt University of Technology in Germany won the 2007 Solar Decathlon in Washington, D.C. with this passive house designed specifically for the humid and hot subtropical climate. : 

Darmstadt University of Technology in Germany won the 2007 Solar Decathlon in Washington, D.C. with this passive house designed specifically for the humid and hot subtropical climate.

Agriculture and horticulture : 

Agriculture and horticulture Agriculture and horticulture seek to optimize the capture of solar energy in order to optimize the productivity of plants. Techniques such as timed planting cycles, tailored row orientation, staggered heights between rows and the mixing of plant varieties can improve crop yields.

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Greenhouses convert solar light to heat, enabling year-round production and the growth (in enclosed environments) of specialty crops and other plants not naturally suited to the local climate.

Greenhouses like these in the Westland municipality of the Netherlands grow vegetables, fruits and flowers. : 

Greenhouses like these in the Westland municipality of the Netherlands grow vegetables, fruits and flowers.

Cooking : 

Cooking Solar cookers use sunlight for cooking, drying and pasteurization. A reflector developed by Wolfgang Scheffler in 1986 is used in many solar kitchens. These reflectors can reach temperatures of 450–650 °C and have a fixed focal point, which simplifies cooking.

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The world's largest Scheffler reflector system in Abu Road, Rajasthan, India is capable of cooking up to 35,000 meals a day. As of 2008, over 2,000 large Scheffler cookers had been built worldwide.

Wolfgang Scheffler: 

Wolfgang Scheffler

The massive solar cooking system at the Brahmakumari Ashram in Mount Abu, Rajasthan, India: 

The massive solar cooking system at the Brahmakumari Ashram in Mount Abu, Rajasthan, India

Water heating : 

Water heating Solar hot water systems use sunlight to heat water. In low geographical latitudes (below 40 degrees) from 60 to 70% of the domestic hot water use with temperatures up to 60 °C can be provided by solar heating systems.

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The most common types of solar water heaters are evacuated tube collectors (44%) and glazed flat plate collectors (34%) generally used for domestic hot water; and unglazed plastic collectors (21%) used mainly to heat swimming pools.

Evacuated Tube Collectors: 

Evacuated Tube Collectors

Glazed Flat Plate Collectors: 

Glazed Flat Plate Collectors

Unglazed Plastic Collectors: 

Unglazed Plastic Collectors

Wind Energy: 

Wind Energy

What Do You Mean By Wind Energy?: 

What Do You Mean By Wind Energy? Wind power is the conversion of wind energy into a useful form of energy, such as using wind turbines to make electricity, wind mills for mechanical power, wind pumps for pumping water or drainage, or sails to propel ships.

How Wind Power Is Generated? : 

How Wind Power Is Generated? The terms "wind energy" or "wind power" describe the process by which the wind is used to generate mechanical power or electricity. Wind turbines convert the kinetic energy in the wind into mechanical power.

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This mechanical power can be used for specific tasks (such as grinding grain or pumping water) or a generator can convert this mechanical power into electricity to power homes, businesses, schools, and the like.

Wind Turbines : 

Wind Turbines Wind turbines, like aircraft propeller blades, turn in the moving air and power an electric generator that supplies an electric current. Simply stated, a wind turbine is the opposite of a fan. Instead of using electricity to make wind, like a fan, wind turbines use wind to make electricity. The wind turns the blades, which spin a shaft, which connects to a generator and makes electricity.

Wind Turbine Types : 

Wind Turbine Types Modern wind turbines fall into two basic groups; the horizontal-axis variety, like the traditional farm windmills used for pumping water, and the vertical-axis design, like the eggbeater-style Darrieus model, named after its French inventor. Most large modern wind turbines are horizontal-axis turbines.

Horizontal-axis wind turbines: 

Horizontal-axis wind turbines Horizontal-axis wind turbines (HAWT) have the main rotor shaft and electrical generator at the top of a tower, and must be pointed into the wind. Small turbines are pointed by a simple wind vane, while large turbines generally use a wind sensor coupled with a servo motor. Most have a gearbox, which turns the slow rotation of the blades into a quicker rotation that is more suitable to drive an electrical generator.

Vertical-axis wind turbines: 

Vertical-axis wind turbines Vertical-axis wind turbines (VAWTs) are a type of wind turbine where the main rotor shaft is set vertically and the main components are located at the base of the turbine. Among the advantages of this arrangement are that generators and gearboxes can be placed close to the ground, which makes these components easier to service and repair

World’s Largest Vertical-Axis Turbine In Cap-Chat, Quebec : 

World’s Largest Vertical-Axis Turbine In Cap-Chat, Quebec

Wind Turbine Size and Power Ratings : 

Wind Turbine Size and Power Ratings Wind turbines are available in a variety of sizes, and therefore power ratings. The largest machine has blades that span more than the length of a football field, stands 20 building stories high, and produces enough electricity to power 1,400 homes. A small home-sized wind machine has rotors between 8 and 25

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feet in diameter and stands upwards of 30 feet and can supply the power needs of an all-electric home or small business. Utility-scale turbines range in size from 50 to 750 kilowatts. Single small turbines, below 50 kilowatts, are used for homes, telecommunications dishes, or water pumping.

Advantages and Disadvantages of Wind-Generated Electricity : 

Advantages and Disadvantages of Wind-Generated Electricity

A Renewable Non-Polluting Resource : 

A Renewable Non-Polluting Resource Wind energy is a free, renewable resource, so no matter how much is used today, there will still be the same supply in the future. Wind energy is also a source of clean, non-polluting, electricity. Unlike conventional power plants, wind plants emit no air pollutants or greenhouse gases.

Cost Issues : 

Cost Issues Even though the cost of wind power has decreased dramatically in the past 10 years, the technology requires a higher initial investment than fossil-fueled generators. Roughly 80% of the cost is the machinery, with the balance being site preparation and installation.

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If wind generating systems are compared with fossil-fueled systems on a "life-cycle" cost basis, however, wind costs are much more competitive with other generating technologies because there is no fuel to purchase and minimal operating expenses.

Environmental Concerns : 

Environmental Concerns Although wind power plants have relatively little impact on the environment compared to fossil fuel power plants, there is some concern over the noise produced by the rotor blades, aesthetic (visual) impacts , and birds and bats having been killed ( avian/bat mortality ) by flying into the rotors.

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Most of these problems have been resolved or greatly reduced through technological development or by properly setting wind plants.

Supply and Transport Issues : 

Supply and Transport Issues The major challenge to using wind as a source of power is that it is intermittent and does not always blow when electricity is needed. Wind cannot be stored (although wind-generated electricity can be stored, if batteries are used),

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and not all winds can be harnessed to meet the timing of electricity demands. Further, good wind sites are often located in remote locations far from areas of electric power demand (such as cities).

India’s Largest Wind Energy Farm: 

India’s Largest Wind Energy Farm Tamil Nadu is the state with the most wind generating capacity: 6007 MW constituting almost 47% of the total capacity of India. Not far from Aralvaimozhi, the Muppandal wind farm, the largest in the subcontinent, is located near the once impoverished village of Muppandal, supplying the villagers with electricity for work.

The World’s Largest Wind Turbine: 

The World’s Largest Wind Turbine The world’s largest wind turbine is now the Enercon E-126. This turbine has a rotor diameter of 126 meters (413 feet). The E-126 is a more sophisticated version of the E-112, formerly the world’s largest wind turbine and rated at 6 megawatts.

PowerPoint Presentation: 

This new turbine is officially rated at 6 megawatts too, but will most likely produce 7+ megawatts (or 20 million kilowatt hours per year). That’s enough to power about 5,000 households of four in Europe. A quick US calculation would be 938 kwh per home per month, 12 months, that’s 11,256 kwh per year per house. That’s 1776 American homes on one wind turbine.

Presented By: 

Presented By Alen Mathew George Andril Sajie Kenneth Peter Rahul Prabhakaran Ashish Samson Ashwin Anis Suraj Thomas