TICKS AND THEIR CONTROL MEASURE IN CATTLE AND BUFFALO.ppt

TICKS AND THEIR CONTROL MEASURE IN CATTLE AND BUFFALO…….:

TICKS AND THEIR CONTROL MEASURE IN CATTLE AND BUFFALO……. Submitted To : Dr Y S Rana Submitted By : Ashish Kumar (2006V12B)

INTRODUCTION:

INTRODUCTION Ticks are small arachnids in the order Ixodida . Constituting the subclass Acari along with mites. Ticks are ectoparasites , living by haematophagy on the blood of mammals and birds ( rarely reptiles and amphibians). Ticks are vector for a number of protozoal , bacterial, viral diseases. There are three families of ticks :- 1. Nuttalliellidae – comprises a single species, Nuttalliella namaqua . 2. Ixodidae – containing hard ticks ( scutum present ). 3. Argasidae – containing soft ticks ( scutum absent ).

MORPHOLOGY OF TICKS:

MORPHOLOGY OF TICKS Body : One piece. Four pairs of legs. Jointed and divided into seven segments. Mouth parts are called Capitulum. Body is covered by Scutum in hard ticks. Scutum is absent in soft ticks. Develop by incomplete metamorphosis.

LIFE CYCLE OF TICKS:

LIFE CYCLE OF TICKS

LIFE CYCLE ON THE BASIS OF NUMBER OF HOSTS:

LIFE CYCLE ON THE BASIS OF NUMBER OF HOSTS ONE HOST TICK : Rhipicephalus microplus , Boophilus annulatus

TWO HOST TICKS:

TWO HOST TICKS Rhipicephalus sanguineus Rhipicephalus bursa

THREE HOST TICK:

THREE HOST TICK 1. Hyalloma anatolicum anatolicum 2 .Rhipicephalus apendiculatus

COMMON SITES OF TICK INFESTATION:

COMMON SITES OF TICK INFESTATION On heavily infested animal , ticks can be found anywhere on the body. But on lightly infested : escutcheon, tail butt, belly, shoulder, dewlap and ear. EFFECTS OF TICK INFESTATION 1. Direct Effects : - Loss of blood - Tick worry - Release of toxins by ticks - Wounds , due to bite of tick - Damage to the hide 2.Indirect effects: More devastating as they are vector for a number of diseases.

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TICKS AS A VECTOR 1. Babesiosis Ixodes pacificus 2. Lyme’s Disease Ixodes Scapularis 3. Anaplasmosis Boophilus spp Rhipicephalus spp 4. Q Fever Rhipicephalus sanguineus 5. Theileriosis ( cattle ) Hyalomma Species

CONTROL METHODS:

CONTROL METHODS Housing in tick proof buildings. Slow burning of wastes near the wall of animal shed. Separate housing of cattle and buffalo. Quarantine. Pasture spelling and rotational grazing. Manual removal of ticks. Clearance of vegetation. Tick vaccine

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Biological control : Entomopathogenic fungi appear to be Metarhizium anisopliae and Beauveria bassiana. Ethnoveterinary practice against tick : Several plants and herbs have been shown to possess anti-tick insecticidal, growth inhibiting, antimolting and repellent activities. For e.g Sitaphal ( Annona squamosa) , N eem ( Azadirachta indica). Breeding of tick resistant cattles : Indigenous breeds of Asia and Africa are more resistant to Ixodid ticks as compared to exotic one.

Use of acaricides : Various methods for use of acaricides are :

Use of acaricides : Various methods for use of acaricides are 1. Dipping – The animal is completely immersed in dipping compound. Effective but costly method. Bayticol EC 6% ( SYNTHETIC PYRETHROID) from Pfizer 1 lt in 1500 lt of water.

Hand Spraying:

Hand Spraying The dipping compound is applied to each animal with a hand-operated spray. This method is time consuming. (a) Butox solution 12.5mg/ml ( PYRETHROID) 2-3 ml per lt of water (b) Asuntol WP 50 (ORGANOPHOSPHATE) Powder 50% w/w 1-1.4 g per lt of water

3. Pour on method:

3. Pour on method Use of acaricides on sites where tick infestation is common. BAYTICOL- POUR ON from Pfizer

Injectables:

Injectables Ivermectin (avermectin derivative) @ 200mcg/kg BW S/C in cattle and buffalo.

PRECAUTIONS:

PRECAUTIONS Before dipping – animals should be well watered. After spraying – prevent the animal from licking it. Antidote of used acaricide , should always be available at farm. Read full instruction before use of any acaricide.

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Thank you