arrays and pointers

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Presentation Transcript

ARRAYS : 

ARRAYS

What is Array ? : 

What is Array ? Array is the collection of similar data type. The simplest type of data structure is a linear array or one dimensional array. By a linear array means a list of finite no. N of similar data elements. It referred as consecutive no. usually 1,2,3,4…n. If we choose the name A for the array , then the elements of A are denoted by subscript notation a1 , a2 , a3 , ………an

Cont.. : 

Cont.. It also denoted by the parenthesis notation A(1), A(2), A(3), ……………………..A(N) Or by the bracket notation A[1], A[2], A[3],……A[K]..………..A[N] Where the number K in A[K] is called a subscript and A[K] is called a subscripted variable

Example: Array : 

Example: Array A linear array STUDENT Consisting of the name of six students:- STUDENT Here STUDENT [1] denotes Rajesh STUDENT[1] STUDENTS[2] denotes Rakesh STUDENT[2] STUDENT[3] STUDENTS[3] denots Sanjay…. STUDENT[4] STUDENT[5] and so on. STUDENT[6]

.. : 

.. Some common operation performed on arrays are: Creation of an array. Traversing an array. Insertion of new elements. Deletion of required element. Modification of an element. Merging of Arrays.

Array delaration : 

Array delaration Representation of Array:- Datatype Array name [] Example:- Int marks[30]

Entering data in to an array : 

Entering data in to an array For (i=0;i<=29;i++) { printf(“\n Enter Marks”); scanf(“%d”,&marks[i]); }

Reading data from an Array : 

Reading data from an Array Suppose we want to find the average of marks For this we read data from array, add them and when all marks have been added up, the result is divided by 30, the no. of students, to get the average. for (i=0;i<=29;i++) sum = sum+marks[i]; Avg=sum/30; Printf(“average markes=%d”,Avg);

Array Initailization : 

Array Initailization int num[6]={3,5,7,2,8,9} int n[]={2,5,2,8,4,9,0,4} float press[]={12.3,3.4,-5.6,34.2}

2-D Array : 

2-D Array Syntax: Datatype ArrayName[][]; e.g. int mat[3][4];

Declare an Array : 

Declare an Array #include <stdio.h>#include <conio.h>int arr[5];void main() {  arr[0]=10;  arr[1]=20;  arr[2]=30;  arr[3]=40;  arr[4]=50;  clrscr();  printf(      "At index 0,value is:%d,"      "\n At index 1,value is:%d,"      "\n At index 2,value is:%d,"      "\n At index 3,value is:%d,"      "\n At index 4,value is:%d\n",      arr[0], arr[1], arr[2], arr[3], arr[4]);  getch();}

Copy an Array : 

Copy an Array #include <stdio.h>#include <conio.h>int main() {  clrscr();  int array1[5];  int array2[5];  int i, j;  array1[0]=10;  array1[1]=20;  array1[2]=30;  array1[3]=40;  array1[4]=50;  for (i=0; i<5; i++)    array2[i]=array1[i];  for (j=0; j<5; j++)    printf("The value of %d=%d\n", j, array2[j]);  getch();  return 0;}

Length of array : 

Length of array #include <stdio.h> #include <conio.h> int array[6]={1,2,3,4,5,6}; void main() { clrscr(); int len=sizeof(array)/sizeof(int); printf("Length Of Array=%d",len); getch(); }

POINTERS : 

POINTERS

Slide 15: 

A pointer is a variable which holds the memory address. Any variable declared in a program has two components: Address of the variable Value stored in the variable.

DECLARING POINTER VARIABLES : 

DECLARING POINTER VARIABLES Syntax: Data-type * pointer-variable;

INITIALIZATION OF POINTER VARIABLES : 

INITIALIZATION OF POINTER VARIABLES Address of operator OR Reference Operator(&) int i=5; int *ptr=&i;

POINTER TO A POINTER : 

POINTER TO A POINTER We can also declare a pointer variable to point to another pointer. That is pointer variable contains address of another pointer.

POINTERS AND ARRAYS : 

POINTERS AND ARRAYS We know that the name of an array holds the address of the first element in that array. So we can make a conclusion that the name of an array is actually a pointer.

OPERATIONS ON POINTERS : 

OPERATIONS ON POINTERS A pointer can be incremented(++) or decremented(--). Any integer can be added to or subtracted from pointer. One pointer can be subtracted from other.

Operations that cannot be performed on pointers : 

Operations that cannot be performed on pointers Ptr1+ptr2 //addition not possible Ptr1*ptr2 //multiplication not possible Ptr1/3 //division not possible Ptr1/ptr2

DYNAMIC MEMORY MANAGEMENT : 

DYNAMIC MEMORY MANAGEMENT New Operator. Used to allocate memory at run-time and returns a pointer to that memory location. Int *ptr; Ptr=new int;

THANK YOU : 

THANK YOU