Calendar

Slide 1: 

Calendar. Days of a week.

Slide 2: 

Content Introduction Different kinds of calendar Lunar Ancient Egyptian Roman (Julian) Mayan Gregorian Days of a week Weekday heptogram Day names Conclusion References

Slide 3: 

Introduction The purpose of the calendar is to reckon past or future time, to show how many days until a certain event takes place: -Harvest -Religious festival -How long since something important happened

Slide 4: 

Introduction The earliest calendars must have been strongly influenced by the geographical location of the people who made them. In colder countries, the concept of the year was determined by the seasons, specifically by the end of winter.

Slide 5: 

Introduction In warmer countries, where the seasons are less pronounced, the Moon became the basic unit for time reckoning; an old Jewish book says that “the Moon was created for the counting of the days.”

Slide 6: 

Lunar... The lunar calendar became the basis of the calendars of the ancient Chinese, Babylonians and Jews

Slide 7: 

In this example you can compare the Lunar calendar and the calendar that you already know. Lunar...

Slide 8: 

The Egyptian year coincided precisely with the solar year only once every 1,460 years Ancient Egyptian…

Slide 9: 

Ancient Egyptian…

Slide 10: 

They counted that in year 365and1/4 days but they don’t have leap day every 4 years. So Egyptian calendar coincides with the usual calendar every 1460 years. Ancient Egyptian…

Slide 11: 

Roman (Julian)… When Rome emerged as a world power, the difficulties of making a calendar were well known, but the Romans complicated their lives because of their superstition that even(нечетные) numbers were unlucky.

Slide 12: 

Roman (Julian)… Hence their months were 29 or 31 days long, with the exceptionof February, which had 28 days. However, four months of 31 days, seven months of 29 days, and one month of 28 days added up to only 355 days. Therefore the Romans invented an extra month called Mercedonius of 22 or 23 days. It was added every second year.

Slide 13: 

Roman (Julian)… After Julius Cesar’s reforms the solar year (with the value of 365 days and 6 hours)was made the basis of the calendar. The months were 30 or 31 days in length, and to take care of the 6 hours, every fourth year was made a 366-day year. Moreover, Caesar decreed the year began with the first of January, not with the vernal equinoxin late March.

Slide 14: 

Mayan… The Maya calendar is a system of calendars and almanacs used in the Maya civilization of pre-Columbian Mesoamerica, and in some modern Maya communities in highland Guatemala and Oaxaca, Mexico.

Slide 15: 

Mayan… Now the most important thing that we paid attention to in Mayan calendar is 2012th year because their calendar ends and that means Doomsday.

Slide 16: 

Gregorian… In 15th century Julian calendar phased out because of the drifted week. Then in the 4th October of 1582nd year Father Christopher Clavius and Pope Gregory XIII ordered a new calendar which we us till nowadays.

Slide 17: 

Days of a week… The names of the days of the week from the Roman period have been both named after the seven planets of classical astronomy and numbered, beginning with Sunday. In Slavic languages, a numbering system was adopted, but beginning with Monday. Either of these systems was adopted in many languages, with some exceptions due to a number of religious and secular reasons.

Slide 18: 

Saturn Mars Venus Mercury Sun Moon Jupiter Weekday heptogram

Slide 19: 

Day names Saturn → Saturday Sun → Sunday Moon → Monday Mars → Tuesday Mercury → Wednesday Jupiter → Thursday Venus → Friday

Slide 20: 

Conclusion In spite of that fact that we all know the system of that calendar that we use now, we should realize that it is the great creation of people and also our ancestors spent thousands of years to create calendar.

Slide 21: 

wikipedia.com nationalgeografic.com vibrakeys.com infoplease.com webexhibits.org oclandscape.com ibiblo.org netposterworks.com References

Slide 22: 

for reading