Differences Between Benign And Malignant Neoplasms

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Differences Between Benign And Malignant Neoplasms MALIK M.Ahsan Qurban 3rd Year Medical Student Rawalpindi Medical College, Rawalpindi,Pakistan : 

Differences Between Benign And Malignant Neoplasms MALIK M.Ahsan Qurban 3rd Year Medical Student Rawalpindi Medical College, Rawalpindi,Pakistan

Fundamental Features For Differentiation Between Benign and Malignant Tumor : 

Fundamental Features For Differentiation Between Benign and Malignant Tumor Differentiation and anaplasia Rate of growth Local invasion Metastasis

Differentiation And Anaplasia : 

Differentiation And Anaplasia Differentiation: It is the process where by one form, typically the immature, develops into another, usually the mature. As it relates to cells, this generally involves the development of immature cells into mature ones.

Slide 5: 

Benign neoplasms are composed of well differentiated cells that closely resemble their normal counterparts They may retain functional capabilities found in normal counterparts In well differentiated benign tumors,mitoses are extremely scant in number and are of normal configuration Examples: LIPOMA is made up of mature fat cells laden with cytoplasmic lipid vacuoles CHONDROMA consists of mature cartilage cells

Well-Differentiated : 

Well-Differentiated

Slide 7: 

Malignant neoplasms are characterized by wide range of parenchymal differentiation. However they are generally composed of less differentiated cells and are said to be anaplastic

Poorly-Differentiated : 

Poorly-Differentiated

Anaplasia : 

Anaplasia It is the tendency of a neoplasm to be composed of less differentiated/mature cells.

Features of Anaplasia : 

Features of Anaplasia 1. Pleomorphism (variation in size and shape of cells and nuclei) 2. Hyperchromatism (nuclei contain abundance of dark-staining chromatin) 3. Enlarged nucleoli 4. Increased mitosis with abnormal mitotic figures 5. Formation of tumor giant cells (in some instances)

Anaplasia : 

Anaplasia

Slide 12: 

The more rapidly growing and the more anaplastic a tumor,the less likely is to have specialized functional activity.

Dysplasia : 

Dysplasia Loss in the uniformity and architectural orientation of individual cells Commonly encountered in epithelium

Carcinoma In Situ : 

Carcinoma In Situ When dysplastic changes are marked and involve entire thickness of epithelium,the lesion is referred to as carcinoma in situ. Pre-invasive stage of cancer

Normal epithelium : 

Normal epithelium

Dysplasia : 

Dysplasia

Rate Of Growth : 

Rate Of Growth In general, benign and well-differentiated malignant tumors have a slower rate of growth than moderately-differentiated and poorly-differentiated malignant tumors. There are exceptions. Blood supply, site,hormonal stimulation and pressure constraints are factors that can affect the growth rate of tumors.

Examples : 

Examples The rate of growth of LEIOMYOMAS (Benign smooth muscle tumors) of uterus is influenced by the circulating level of Estrogens. Rapidly growing malignant tumors often contain central area of ischemic necrosis because tumor blood supply fails to keep pace with the oxygen needs of the tumor cells.

Cancer Stem Cells And Lineages : 

Cancer Stem Cells And Lineages They have the capacity to initiate and sustain the tumor Under investigation for successful treatment of tumors

Invasion : 

Invasion Benign tumors usually grow by slow expansion. Malignant tumors usually infiltrate and may destroy surrounding tissue (cell surface and the extracellular matrix play an important role).

Encapsulation : 

Encapsulation Capsule is derived from the stroma of the host tissue as the parenchymal cells atrophy under the pressure of the expanding tumor.

Slide 22: 

Encapsulation is characteristic of benign neoplasms. However, lack of a capsule does not make a neoplasm malignant.

Metastasis : 

Metastasis It is the transfer of disease manifestations from one organ to another. It is used mainly to refer to the secondary growth of a malignant neoplasm in an organ or site remote from the primary site Indicates Malignancy

Pathways of Metastasis : 

Pathways of Metastasis There are three pathways: Seeding within body cavities Lymphatic spread Hematogenous spread

Metastatic Adenocarcinoma : 

Metastatic Adenocarcinoma

Basal Cell Carcinoma : 

Basal Cell Carcinoma

Slide 28: 

SUMMARY

Slide 31: 

Thank you