Bio 3 Introduction Spring 2012

Welcome to Bio 3: 

Welcome to Bio 3 Section 1613 Professor Enrique Aniceto anicete@lavc.edu

What does it mean to be living?: 

What does it mean to be living? Movement Reproduction Dying

PowerPoint Presentation: 

All living things have similar characteristics Require energy and nutrients Sense and respond to change Reproduce with the help of DNA

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Bacteria Archaea Eukarya There are organisms on earth that have yet to be discovered and categorized. prokaryotes eukaryotes

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What is this human hand holding? A monkey? A Rat? A mouse? An opossum? Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata Class: Mammalia Order: Primates Suborder: Strepsirrhini Infraorder: Lemuriformes Family: Cheirogaleidae Genus: Microcebus Species:

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Peacock butterfly Insect-eating bird

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Why do I need to know Biology? What is Biology? What is it good for? What is a Biologists? Who was the first Biologists?

Invitation to Biology: 

Invitation to Biology Introduction

Definition : 

Definition Biology The systematic study of life We have encountered and count only a fraction of the organisms that live on Earth Scientists constantly discover new species Extinction rates are accelerating

PowerPoint Presentation: 

Recent expeditions into an Indonesian cloud forest revealed the presence of a frog the size of a pea, a cat-sized rat , a mouse-sized opossum, plants that had plate-size flowers.

Do we know everything?: 

Do we know everything? Biologists constantly discover new species Mouse lemur ( Microcebus lehilahytsara ), discovered in Madagascar in 2005

Exploring New Guinea: 

Exploring New Guinea A rare golden-mantled tree kangaroo Kris Helgen

Life is organized: 

Life is organized The building blocks (atoms) that make up all living things are the same ones that make up all nonliving things The unique properties of life emerge as certain kinds of molecules become organized into cells Did you know that…

PowerPoint Presentation: 

3 2 8 1 7 6 4 5 Levels of Organization in Nature

Life’s Levels of Organization: 

Life’s Levels of Organization Atom Fundamental building block of all matter Molecule An association of two or more atoms Cell Smallest unit of life Organism An individual; consists of one or more cells

Life’s Levels of Organization: 

Life’s Levels of Organization Population Group of individuals of a species in a given area Community All populations of all species in a given area Ecosystem A community interacting with its environment Biosphere All regions of Earth that hold life

Nature and Life: 

Nature and Life Nature Everything in the universe, except what humans have manufactured Emergent property A characteristic of a system that does not appear in any of a system’s component parts

Energy Sustains Life’s Organization: 

Energy Sustains Life’s Organization One-way flow of energy through the biosphere and cycling of nutrients among organisms sustain life’s organization Energy The capacity to do work Nutrient Substance that is necessary for survival, but that an organism can’t make for itself

Organisms and Energy Sources: 

Organisms and Energy Sources Producers Organisms that make their own food using energy and simple raw materials from the environment Example: plants Consumers Organisms that get energy and carbon by feeding on tissues, wastes, or remains of other organisms Example: animals

Energy Flow and Material Cycling: 

Energy Flow and Material Cycling

Organisms Sense and Respond to Change: 

Organisms Sense and Respond to Change Organisms sense and respond to change to keep conditions in their internal environment within a range that favors cell survival (homeostasis) Homeostasis Set of processes by which an organism keeps its internal conditions within tolerable ranges Receptor Molecule or structure that responds to a stimulus

Response to Stimuli: 

Response to Stimuli

Organisms Grow, Develop and Reproduce: 

Organisms Grow, Develop and Reproduce Organisms grow, develop, and reproduce based on information encoded in DNA, which they inherit from their parents Growth Increase in size, volume, and number of cells in multicelled species Development Multistep process by which the first cell of a new individual becomes a multicelled adult

Organisms Grow, Develop and Reproduce: 

Organisms Grow, Develop and Reproduce Reproduction Process by which parents produce offspring Inheritance Transmission of DNA from parents to offspring DNA (Deoxyribonucleic acid) Molecule that carries hereditary information about traits

Introduction to Life’s Diversity: 

Introduction to Life’s Diversity The millions of species on Earth vary greatly in details of body form and function Each species is given a unique two-part name that includes genus and species names Species A type of organism Genus Group of species that share a unique set of traits

Classification Systems: 

Classification Systems Classification systems group species according to traits and organize information about species One system sorts all organisms into one of three domains: Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukarya The eukaryotes include plants, protists, fungi and animals

Life’s Diversity: Three-Domain Classification System: 

Life’s Diversity: Three-Domain Classification System

Prokaryotes: 

Prokaryotes Prokaryotes Single celled organisms in which DNA is not contained in a nucleus Bacterium A member of the prokaryotic domain Bacteria Archaeans A member of the prokaryotic domain Archaea

Eukaryotes: 

Eukaryotes Eukaryotes Organisms whose cells typically have a nucleus Fungus Eukaryotic consumer that obtains nutrients by digestion and absorption outside the body Protists Eukaryotes that are not plants, animals, or fungi

Eukaryotes: 

Eukaryotes Plant Typically a multicelled, photosynthetic producer Animal Multicelled consumer that develops through a series of embryonic stages and moves about during all or part of the life cycle

LUNCH BREAK: 

LUNCH BREAK Please come back in one hour!

The Nature of Scientific Inquiry: 

The Nature of Scientific Inquiry Critical thinking Mental process of judging the quality of information before deciding whether or not to accept it

PowerPoint Presentation: 

National Autonomous University of Mexico Crayfish studies Se habla Espanol

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More crayfish studies Procambarus clarkii

This biology course:: 

This biology course: A review of what you know or learned before The chance to learn new material The chance to participate Will no-majors become majors?

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Scientific Websites Scientific Reports and Science Divulgation Once upon a time in a library… Scientific meetings Publications: books, magazines, etc.

Science, Technology & Society: 

Science, Technology & Society What’s this gentleman doing? Why is it important? Again, Culture…politics…economy…etc

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Nice Biology?

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Tunga penetrans (sand flea) Nasty Biology?

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Urban Studies

The Scope and Limits of Science: 

The Scope and Limits of Science Science is a way of looking at the natural world which helps us to communicate our experiences without bias by focusing only on testable ideas about observable phenomena Science does not address the supernatural Science The systemic study of nature

How Science Works: 

How Science Works Researchers make and test potentially falsifiable predictions about how the natural world works Generally, scientific inquiry involves forming a hypothesis (testable assumption) about an observation then making and testing predictions based on the hypothesis A hypothesis that is not consistent with the results of scientific tests is modified or discarded

Common Research Practices: 

Common Research Practices 1. Observe some aspect of nature 2. Frame a question about your observation 3. Propose a hypothesis (a testable explanation of the observation)

Common Research Practices: 

Common Research Practices 4. Make a prediction – a statement based on a hypothesis, about some condition that should exist if the hypothesis is not wrong 5. Test the accuracy of the prediction by experiments or gathering information (tests may be performed on a model )

Common Research Practices: 

Common Research Practices 6. Assess the results of the tests (data) to see if they support or disprove the hypothesis 7. Conclusions : Report all steps of your work and conclusions to the scientific community

Making Observations: A Field Study: 

Making Observations: A Field Study

A Scientific Theory: 

A Scientific Theory Scientific theory A hypothesis that has not been disproven after many years of rigorous testing Useful for making predictions about other phenomena

Laws of Nature: 

Laws of Nature Law of nature Generalization that describes a consistent and universal natural phenomenon for which we do not yet have a complete scientific information Example: gravity

Examples of Scientific Theories: 

Examples of Scientific Theories

The Power of Experiments: 

The Power of Experiments Natural processes are often influenced by many interacting variables Variable A characteristic or event that differs among individuals

The Power of Experiments: 

The Power of Experiments Experiments simplify interpretations of complex biological systems by focusing on the effect of one variable at a time Experiment A test to support or falsify a prediction

Experimental and Control Groups: 

Experimental and Control Groups Experimental group A group of objects or individuals that display or are exposed to a variable under investigation Control group A group of objects or individuals that is identical to an experimental group except for one variable

See you next time!: 

See you next time! 2/25/2012 Chapter 2 Acids, Bases and pH Lab

Prey Defenses: 

Prey Defenses Blue tit Cyanistes caeruleus Inachis io Peacock Butterfly

Example: Butterflies and Birds: 

Example: Butterflies and Birds Question Why does a peacock butterfly flick its wings? Two hypotheses Exposing wing spots scares off predators Wing sounds scare off predators Two predictions Individuals without spots are eaten more often Individuals without sounds are eaten more often

Digging Into Data: Peacock Butterfly Predator Defenses: 

Digging Into Data: Peacock Butterfly Predator Defenses

Experiments and Results: 

Experiments and Results Four groups of butterflies were exposed to predators (birds) Butterflies without spots Butterflies without sounds Butterflies without spots or sounds Control group Test results support both original hypotheses

Results: Peacock Butterfly Experiment: 

Results: Peacock Butterfly Experiment