logging in or signing up Fire Hazard abikesh086 Download Post to : URL : Related Presentations : Share Add to Flag Embed Email Send to Blogs and Networks Add to Channel Uploaded from authorPOINT lite Insert YouTube videos in PowerPont slides with aS Desktop Copy embed code: (To copy code, click on the text box) Embed: URL: Thumbnail: WordPress Embed Customize Embed The presentation is successfully added In Your Favorites. Views: 3226 Category: Education License: All Rights Reserved Like it (7) Dislike it (1) Added: April 11, 2009 This Presentation is Public Favorites: 0 Presentation Description No description available. Comments Posting comment... By: placidpurva (6 month(s) ago) please send me this ppt my email id is purva_10991@yahoo.co.in Saving..... Post Reply Close Saving..... Edit Comment Close By: faustina (10 month(s) ago) I love it...may I dowload please Saving..... Post Reply Close Saving..... Edit Comment Close By: staceyb2u (10 month(s) ago) Your presentation is great. My I please download it? Saving..... Post Reply Close Saving..... Edit Comment Close By: sadia12231 (14 month(s) ago) kindly allow me to download the presentation Saving..... Post Reply Close Saving..... Edit Comment Close By: masoodh (14 month(s) ago) Really ppt of industrial hazards due to fire and its safety precaution is very informative , kindly mail me on this email id memon.masood037gmail.com. your cooperation in this rgds is highly appreciated. Thanks Saving..... Post Reply Close Saving..... Edit Comment Close loading.... See all Premium member Presentation Transcript INDUSTRIAL HAZARDS DUE TO FIRE AND IT’S SAFTY PRECAUTION : INDUSTRIAL HAZARDS DUE TO FIRE AND IT’S SAFTY PRECAUTION PRESENTED BY ABIKESH PRASAD KUMAR MAHAPATRA M.PHARM(PHARM TECHNOLOGY) 1ST SEMESTAR Regd No.:-0808254026 INTORDUCTION : INTORDUCTION Industrial hazards is a major issue in present scenario. There management and reporting requires a social demand . The article contains the sources of possible fire hazards & their management. The reporting and the measure for this is also a valuable concern. Definition Of Industrial Hazards : Definition Of Industrial Hazards Any real or potential conditions produced by industries that can cause injury or death to personnel or loss of product or property. TYPES OF INDSTRIAL HAZARDS : TYPES OF INDSTRIAL HAZARDS Accident hazards Fire Hazards Electrical Hazards Noise Hazards Chemical Hazards Industrial Disease Hazards Radiation Hazards Pollution Hazards FIRE HAZARDS : FIRE HAZARDS Types of fire : Class A Fires: These are fires in ordinary combustible materials such as wood, cloth, paper etc. those produce glowing ember. Class B Fires: These are fires of flammable petroleum products, liquids, gases and greases etc. Class C Fires: These fires involve energized electrical equipment. Class D Fires: These are fires in combustible metals. Sources of fire hazards : Sources of fire hazards Hot surfaces. Fair hazard of material and product. Combustible and flammable liquid. Heat utilizations equipments. Chemical process equipment. Heat transfer equipment. Lighting. Oven and furnaces. Dehydrator and dryers. Quench tank. Reactors. Welding and cutting. Hot Surfaces : Hot Surfaces in practice, the surfaces of equipment and devices may warm to a dangerous extent either normally or due to malfunction. Ovens furnaces, drying devices, waste-gas outlets, vapor pipes, etc. often cause fires in explosive air spaces. For prevention : Safe distance should be observed, and regular supervision and maintenance will reduce the probability of the occurrence of dangerous overheating. Fire Hazards of Materials and Products : Fire Hazards of Materials and Products The presence of combustible materials in combustible systems represents an obvious condition of burning. Burning phenomena and the phases of the burning process fundamentally depend on the physical and chemical properties of the material involved. Combustible and flammable liquids : : Combustible and flammable liquids : In the presence of ignition sources, combustible and flammable liquids are sources of risk. First, the closed or open vapour space above such liquids provides a fire and explosion hazards. Combustion and more frequently explosion, might occur if the material is present in the vapour-air mixture in suitable concentration. From this it follows that burning and explosion in the zone of combustible and flammable liquids may be prevented if : The ignition sources, air, and oxygen are excluded; or Instead of oxygen, inert gas is present in the surrounding; or The liquid is stored in a closed vessel or system. By proper ventilation, the development of the dangerous vapour concentration is prevented. Heat Utilization Equipment : Heat Utilization Equipment Fire problems with heat equipments are : The possibility of igniting combustible materials stored nearby. Fuel hazards resulting from unburned fuel or incomplete combustion. Overheating leading to equipment failure. Ignition of combustible solvents, solid materials or other products being processed. These fire problems can be overcome through a combination of good housekeeping proper controls and interlocks, operator training and testing, and cleaning and maintenance in an effective fire prevention programme. Chemical Process Equipment : Chemical Process Equipment Operations which chemically change the nature of materials have often been the source of major catastrophes, causing severe plant damage and death and injury to workers and surrounding communities. Risk to life and properly from incidents in chemical process plants may come from fires, explosions or toxic chemical releases. Heat transfer equipment hazards : : Heat transfer equipment hazards : Equipment that transfers heat from a not fluid, to a cooler one, can be a source of fire in chemical plants. Control : High levels of inspection and maintenance, including cleaning of heat transfer equipment is essential for safe operation. Lighting : : Lighting : Lighting is a frequent cause of fires and deaths of people in many countries in the world. For example, each year some 240 US citizens die as a result of lighting. Lighting is a form of electrical discharge between charged clouds and the earth. The frequency of lighting varies between countries and areas depending on the number of thunderstorm-days per year for the locality. Gas Cylinders : : Gas Cylinders : A gas cylinder is a potential bomb. And the best course of action is to evacuate the building immediately and warn the fire brigade. Such fires should be left to the experts to handle. Ovens and furnaces : : Ovens and furnaces : Fires and explosions in ovens and furnaces typically result from the fuel used, from volatile substances provided by the material in the oven or by a combination of both. Many of these ovens or furnaces operate at 500 to 1000°C, which is well above ignition temperature of most materials. Ovens and furnaces require a range of controls and interlocks to ensure that unburned fuel gases or products of incomplete combustion cannot accumulate and be ignited. Typically, these hazards develop while firing up or during shut-down operations. Therefore, special training is required to ensure that operators always follow safety procedures. Dehydrators and dryers : : Dehydrators and dryers : This equipment is used to reduce the moisture content of products such as milk, eggs, grains, seeds and hay. The dryers may be direct-fired in which case the productions of combustion contact the material being dried, or they may be indirect-fired. In each case, controls are required to shut off the heat supply in the event of excessive temperature or fire in the dryer. Again, adequate cleaning to prevent build-up products that could ignite is required. Quench tanks : : Quench tanks : The process of quenching or controlled cooling, occurs when a heated metal item is immersed in a tank of quenching oil. The process is undertaken to harden the material through metallurgical change. Most quenching oils are mineral oils, which are combustible. They must be chosen carefully for each application to ensure that the ignition temperature of the oil is above the operating temperature of the tank as the hot metal pieces are immersed. Reactors : : Reactors : Reactors are the vessels, in which the desired chemical process, are undertaken. They can be of a continuous or batch type but require special design attention. Vessels must be designed to withstand pressures that might result from explosions or uncontrolled reactions or alternatively must be provided with appropriate pressure-self devices and sometimes emergency venting. Safety measures for chemical reactors include : High quality cleaning, inspection and maintenance of the equipment and the safety controls. Adequate training of operators in control and emergency response. Appropriate the suppression equipment and fire-lighting personnel. Welding And Cutting : : Welding And Cutting : The Factory Mutual Engineering Corporation’ (FM) Loss Prevention Data Sheet (1977) shows that nearly 10% of losses in industrial properties are due to incidents involving cutting and welding of materials generally metals. The FM Data Sheet (1977) indicates that the materials most frequently involved in fires due to welding and cutting are flammable liquids, oily deposits, combustible dusts and wood. CAUSES OF FIRE AND EXPLOSION HAZARDS : CAUSES OF FIRE AND EXPLOSION HAZARDS Improper storage of flammable oils, greases and fluids, combustible wastes etc. Smoking by employees. Poor house keeping. Defective heating equipment, electrical equipment and wiring. Explosive gas leakage. Ignition of gaes,vapours or combustible dusts. Inadequate of electric motors. Sparking in electric wires and equipment. PROTECTION AND PREVENTION : PROTECTION AND PREVENTION Fire protection is better than fire combating. Following are the safety measures against fire and explosion hazards Prohibition of smoking in manufacturing area. Oxygen present in a flammable atmosphere may be reduced by dilution with gases as nitrogen, carbon dioxide, steam or combination of these inerts in exhaust gases from fuels, automobile engines and jet engines. Operating outside the range of flammability. Contd…… : Contd…… 4) Eliminating the ignition sources Electrical sparks & arcs Flames such as burner flames, matches& cigarette lighters & heaters. Hot surface such as heated wires, rods or fragments Hot gases brought about by shock compression and hot gas jets. Lasers Factory building should be made of fire resistant materials like steel and ferroconcrete. In order to exit in the emergency suitable exit facility to be provided. Cont…. : Cont…. 7)Installation of combustible gas indicators. 8)Adequate ventilation facility. 9)Fire alarms & fire fighting equipment or fire extinguishers to be installed in factory at suitable location. 10)Provide automatic sprinkles with adequate & reliable water supply. 11)Proper storage of combustible materials & removal of waste materials. FIRE EXTINGUISHER : FIRE EXTINGUISHER : Fire extinguishing agents work by: Removal of fuel e.g. blanketing with foam or interposing a layer of gas between the fuel and the flames. By removal of oxygen e.g. by dilution with inert gases or vapors. By removal of heat by cooling with water or other extinguishing agents Water based fire extinguishers: (Portable fire extinguisher, Soda-Ash Extinguisher) Water based foams: (Chemical foams and Mechanical foams) Dry chemicals: (sodium bicarbonate, potassium bicarbonate) Fire Safety Education and Practices : : Fire Safety Education and Practices : For a safety education programme to be effective, there must be a major corporate policy commitment to safety and the development of an effective plan that has the following steps : (a) Planning phase establishment of goals and objectives; (b) Design and implementation phase; (c) Program evolution phase-monitoring effectiveness. : To reduce the number of fires and thus reduce death and injury among workers, and the financial impact on companies. : ?Is your local fire department familiar with your facility, its location and specific hazards? ?If you have a fire alarm system, is it certified as required and tested annually? ?If you have interior standpipes and valves, are they inspected regularly? ?If you have interior standpipes and valves, are they inspected regularly? ?If you have outside private fire hydrants, are they flushed at least once a year and on a routine preventive maintenance schedule? ?Are fire doors and shutters in good operating condition? ?Are fire doors and shutters unobstructed and protected against obstructions, including their counterweights? ?Are fire door and shutter fusible links in place? ?Are automatic sprinkler system water control valves, air and water pressure FIRE PROTECTION Cont….. : Cont….. ?Is the maintenance of automatic sprinkler systems assigned to responsible persons or to a sprinkler contractor? ?Are sprinkler heads protected by metal guards if exposed to potential physical damage? ?Is proper clearance maintained below sprinkler heads? ?Are portable fire extinguishers provided in adequate number and type and mounted in readily accessible locations? ?Are fire extinguishers recharged regularly with this noted on the inspection tag? ?Are employees periodically instructed in the use of fire extinguishers and fire protection procedures? What is an emergency action plan : What is an emergency action plan An emergency action plan Covers ignited actions employers and employees must take to ensure employee safety from fire and other emergencies. Not all employers are required to establish an emergency action plan. What Does An Emergency Action Plan Include? : What Does An Emergency Action Plan Include? At a minimum, your emergency action plan must include the following A preferred method for reporting fires and other emergencies An evacuation policy and procedure Emergency escape procedures and route assignments such as floor plans, workplace maps, and safe or refuge areas Cont……. : Cont……. Name,titles,departments, and telephone numbers of individuals both within and outside your company to contact for additional information or explanation of duties and responsibilities under the emergency plan Procedures for employees who remain to perform or shut down critical plant operations, operate fire extinguishers, or perform other essential services that cannot be shut down for every emergency alarm before evacuating and Rescue and medical duties for any workers designated to perform them. WHAT TYPE OF TRAINING DO YOUR EMPLOYEES NEED? : WHAT TYPE OF TRAINING DO YOUR EMPLOYEES NEED? General training for your employees should address the following Individual roles and responsibilities Threats, hazards, and protective actions Notification, warning, and communications procedures Means for locating family members in an emergency Emergency response procedures Evacuation, shelter, and accountability procedures Location and use of common emergency equipment; and emergency shutdown procedures You also may wish to train your employees in first-aid procedures. REFRENCES : REFRENCES Subrahmanyam,C.V.S,Pharmaceutical Engineering ,Aug(2005)Edition,Vallabh Prakashan,Delhi,2005. M.E.Aulton,Pharmaceutics,ELBS Churchill Livingstone,1988. G.T.Austin, Shreve’s Chemical Process Industries , 5th Edition , McGraw Hill Book Company , 1986. www.OSHA.org Slide 35: THANK YOU You do not have the permission to view this presentation. In order to view it, please contact the author of the presentation.
Fire Hazard abikesh086 Download Post to : URL : Related Presentations : Share Add to Flag Embed Email Send to Blogs and Networks Add to Channel Uploaded from authorPOINT lite Insert YouTube videos in PowerPont slides with aS Desktop Copy embed code: (To copy code, click on the text box) Embed: URL: Thumbnail: WordPress Embed Customize Embed The presentation is successfully added In Your Favorites. Views: 3226 Category: Education License: All Rights Reserved Like it (7) Dislike it (1) Added: April 11, 2009 This Presentation is Public Favorites: 0 Presentation Description No description available. Comments Posting comment... By: placidpurva (6 month(s) ago) please send me this ppt my email id is purva_10991@yahoo.co.in Saving..... Post Reply Close Saving..... Edit Comment Close By: faustina (10 month(s) ago) I love it...may I dowload please Saving..... Post Reply Close Saving..... Edit Comment Close By: staceyb2u (10 month(s) ago) Your presentation is great. My I please download it? Saving..... Post Reply Close Saving..... Edit Comment Close By: sadia12231 (14 month(s) ago) kindly allow me to download the presentation Saving..... Post Reply Close Saving..... Edit Comment Close By: masoodh (14 month(s) ago) Really ppt of industrial hazards due to fire and its safety precaution is very informative , kindly mail me on this email id memon.masood037gmail.com. your cooperation in this rgds is highly appreciated. Thanks Saving..... Post Reply Close Saving..... Edit Comment Close loading.... See all Premium member Presentation Transcript INDUSTRIAL HAZARDS DUE TO FIRE AND IT’S SAFTY PRECAUTION : INDUSTRIAL HAZARDS DUE TO FIRE AND IT’S SAFTY PRECAUTION PRESENTED BY ABIKESH PRASAD KUMAR MAHAPATRA M.PHARM(PHARM TECHNOLOGY) 1ST SEMESTAR Regd No.:-0808254026 INTORDUCTION : INTORDUCTION Industrial hazards is a major issue in present scenario. There management and reporting requires a social demand . The article contains the sources of possible fire hazards & their management. The reporting and the measure for this is also a valuable concern. Definition Of Industrial Hazards : Definition Of Industrial Hazards Any real or potential conditions produced by industries that can cause injury or death to personnel or loss of product or property. TYPES OF INDSTRIAL HAZARDS : TYPES OF INDSTRIAL HAZARDS Accident hazards Fire Hazards Electrical Hazards Noise Hazards Chemical Hazards Industrial Disease Hazards Radiation Hazards Pollution Hazards FIRE HAZARDS : FIRE HAZARDS Types of fire : Class A Fires: These are fires in ordinary combustible materials such as wood, cloth, paper etc. those produce glowing ember. Class B Fires: These are fires of flammable petroleum products, liquids, gases and greases etc. Class C Fires: These fires involve energized electrical equipment. Class D Fires: These are fires in combustible metals. Sources of fire hazards : Sources of fire hazards Hot surfaces. Fair hazard of material and product. Combustible and flammable liquid. Heat utilizations equipments. Chemical process equipment. Heat transfer equipment. Lighting. Oven and furnaces. Dehydrator and dryers. Quench tank. Reactors. Welding and cutting. Hot Surfaces : Hot Surfaces in practice, the surfaces of equipment and devices may warm to a dangerous extent either normally or due to malfunction. Ovens furnaces, drying devices, waste-gas outlets, vapor pipes, etc. often cause fires in explosive air spaces. For prevention : Safe distance should be observed, and regular supervision and maintenance will reduce the probability of the occurrence of dangerous overheating. Fire Hazards of Materials and Products : Fire Hazards of Materials and Products The presence of combustible materials in combustible systems represents an obvious condition of burning. Burning phenomena and the phases of the burning process fundamentally depend on the physical and chemical properties of the material involved. Combustible and flammable liquids : : Combustible and flammable liquids : In the presence of ignition sources, combustible and flammable liquids are sources of risk. First, the closed or open vapour space above such liquids provides a fire and explosion hazards. Combustion and more frequently explosion, might occur if the material is present in the vapour-air mixture in suitable concentration. From this it follows that burning and explosion in the zone of combustible and flammable liquids may be prevented if : The ignition sources, air, and oxygen are excluded; or Instead of oxygen, inert gas is present in the surrounding; or The liquid is stored in a closed vessel or system. By proper ventilation, the development of the dangerous vapour concentration is prevented. Heat Utilization Equipment : Heat Utilization Equipment Fire problems with heat equipments are : The possibility of igniting combustible materials stored nearby. Fuel hazards resulting from unburned fuel or incomplete combustion. Overheating leading to equipment failure. Ignition of combustible solvents, solid materials or other products being processed. These fire problems can be overcome through a combination of good housekeeping proper controls and interlocks, operator training and testing, and cleaning and maintenance in an effective fire prevention programme. Chemical Process Equipment : Chemical Process Equipment Operations which chemically change the nature of materials have often been the source of major catastrophes, causing severe plant damage and death and injury to workers and surrounding communities. Risk to life and properly from incidents in chemical process plants may come from fires, explosions or toxic chemical releases. Heat transfer equipment hazards : : Heat transfer equipment hazards : Equipment that transfers heat from a not fluid, to a cooler one, can be a source of fire in chemical plants. Control : High levels of inspection and maintenance, including cleaning of heat transfer equipment is essential for safe operation. Lighting : : Lighting : Lighting is a frequent cause of fires and deaths of people in many countries in the world. For example, each year some 240 US citizens die as a result of lighting. Lighting is a form of electrical discharge between charged clouds and the earth. The frequency of lighting varies between countries and areas depending on the number of thunderstorm-days per year for the locality. Gas Cylinders : : Gas Cylinders : A gas cylinder is a potential bomb. And the best course of action is to evacuate the building immediately and warn the fire brigade. Such fires should be left to the experts to handle. Ovens and furnaces : : Ovens and furnaces : Fires and explosions in ovens and furnaces typically result from the fuel used, from volatile substances provided by the material in the oven or by a combination of both. Many of these ovens or furnaces operate at 500 to 1000°C, which is well above ignition temperature of most materials. Ovens and furnaces require a range of controls and interlocks to ensure that unburned fuel gases or products of incomplete combustion cannot accumulate and be ignited. Typically, these hazards develop while firing up or during shut-down operations. Therefore, special training is required to ensure that operators always follow safety procedures. Dehydrators and dryers : : Dehydrators and dryers : This equipment is used to reduce the moisture content of products such as milk, eggs, grains, seeds and hay. The dryers may be direct-fired in which case the productions of combustion contact the material being dried, or they may be indirect-fired. In each case, controls are required to shut off the heat supply in the event of excessive temperature or fire in the dryer. Again, adequate cleaning to prevent build-up products that could ignite is required. Quench tanks : : Quench tanks : The process of quenching or controlled cooling, occurs when a heated metal item is immersed in a tank of quenching oil. The process is undertaken to harden the material through metallurgical change. Most quenching oils are mineral oils, which are combustible. They must be chosen carefully for each application to ensure that the ignition temperature of the oil is above the operating temperature of the tank as the hot metal pieces are immersed. Reactors : : Reactors : Reactors are the vessels, in which the desired chemical process, are undertaken. They can be of a continuous or batch type but require special design attention. Vessels must be designed to withstand pressures that might result from explosions or uncontrolled reactions or alternatively must be provided with appropriate pressure-self devices and sometimes emergency venting. Safety measures for chemical reactors include : High quality cleaning, inspection and maintenance of the equipment and the safety controls. Adequate training of operators in control and emergency response. Appropriate the suppression equipment and fire-lighting personnel. Welding And Cutting : : Welding And Cutting : The Factory Mutual Engineering Corporation’ (FM) Loss Prevention Data Sheet (1977) shows that nearly 10% of losses in industrial properties are due to incidents involving cutting and welding of materials generally metals. The FM Data Sheet (1977) indicates that the materials most frequently involved in fires due to welding and cutting are flammable liquids, oily deposits, combustible dusts and wood. CAUSES OF FIRE AND EXPLOSION HAZARDS : CAUSES OF FIRE AND EXPLOSION HAZARDS Improper storage of flammable oils, greases and fluids, combustible wastes etc. Smoking by employees. Poor house keeping. Defective heating equipment, electrical equipment and wiring. Explosive gas leakage. Ignition of gaes,vapours or combustible dusts. Inadequate of electric motors. Sparking in electric wires and equipment. PROTECTION AND PREVENTION : PROTECTION AND PREVENTION Fire protection is better than fire combating. Following are the safety measures against fire and explosion hazards Prohibition of smoking in manufacturing area. Oxygen present in a flammable atmosphere may be reduced by dilution with gases as nitrogen, carbon dioxide, steam or combination of these inerts in exhaust gases from fuels, automobile engines and jet engines. Operating outside the range of flammability. Contd…… : Contd…… 4) Eliminating the ignition sources Electrical sparks & arcs Flames such as burner flames, matches& cigarette lighters & heaters. Hot surface such as heated wires, rods or fragments Hot gases brought about by shock compression and hot gas jets. Lasers Factory building should be made of fire resistant materials like steel and ferroconcrete. In order to exit in the emergency suitable exit facility to be provided. Cont…. : Cont…. 7)Installation of combustible gas indicators. 8)Adequate ventilation facility. 9)Fire alarms & fire fighting equipment or fire extinguishers to be installed in factory at suitable location. 10)Provide automatic sprinkles with adequate & reliable water supply. 11)Proper storage of combustible materials & removal of waste materials. FIRE EXTINGUISHER : FIRE EXTINGUISHER : Fire extinguishing agents work by: Removal of fuel e.g. blanketing with foam or interposing a layer of gas between the fuel and the flames. By removal of oxygen e.g. by dilution with inert gases or vapors. By removal of heat by cooling with water or other extinguishing agents Water based fire extinguishers: (Portable fire extinguisher, Soda-Ash Extinguisher) Water based foams: (Chemical foams and Mechanical foams) Dry chemicals: (sodium bicarbonate, potassium bicarbonate) Fire Safety Education and Practices : : Fire Safety Education and Practices : For a safety education programme to be effective, there must be a major corporate policy commitment to safety and the development of an effective plan that has the following steps : (a) Planning phase establishment of goals and objectives; (b) Design and implementation phase; (c) Program evolution phase-monitoring effectiveness. : To reduce the number of fires and thus reduce death and injury among workers, and the financial impact on companies. : ?Is your local fire department familiar with your facility, its location and specific hazards? ?If you have a fire alarm system, is it certified as required and tested annually? ?If you have interior standpipes and valves, are they inspected regularly? ?If you have interior standpipes and valves, are they inspected regularly? ?If you have outside private fire hydrants, are they flushed at least once a year and on a routine preventive maintenance schedule? ?Are fire doors and shutters in good operating condition? ?Are fire doors and shutters unobstructed and protected against obstructions, including their counterweights? ?Are fire door and shutter fusible links in place? ?Are automatic sprinkler system water control valves, air and water pressure FIRE PROTECTION Cont….. : Cont….. ?Is the maintenance of automatic sprinkler systems assigned to responsible persons or to a sprinkler contractor? ?Are sprinkler heads protected by metal guards if exposed to potential physical damage? ?Is proper clearance maintained below sprinkler heads? ?Are portable fire extinguishers provided in adequate number and type and mounted in readily accessible locations? ?Are fire extinguishers recharged regularly with this noted on the inspection tag? ?Are employees periodically instructed in the use of fire extinguishers and fire protection procedures? What is an emergency action plan : What is an emergency action plan An emergency action plan Covers ignited actions employers and employees must take to ensure employee safety from fire and other emergencies. Not all employers are required to establish an emergency action plan. What Does An Emergency Action Plan Include? : What Does An Emergency Action Plan Include? At a minimum, your emergency action plan must include the following A preferred method for reporting fires and other emergencies An evacuation policy and procedure Emergency escape procedures and route assignments such as floor plans, workplace maps, and safe or refuge areas Cont……. : Cont……. Name,titles,departments, and telephone numbers of individuals both within and outside your company to contact for additional information or explanation of duties and responsibilities under the emergency plan Procedures for employees who remain to perform or shut down critical plant operations, operate fire extinguishers, or perform other essential services that cannot be shut down for every emergency alarm before evacuating and Rescue and medical duties for any workers designated to perform them. WHAT TYPE OF TRAINING DO YOUR EMPLOYEES NEED? : WHAT TYPE OF TRAINING DO YOUR EMPLOYEES NEED? General training for your employees should address the following Individual roles and responsibilities Threats, hazards, and protective actions Notification, warning, and communications procedures Means for locating family members in an emergency Emergency response procedures Evacuation, shelter, and accountability procedures Location and use of common emergency equipment; and emergency shutdown procedures You also may wish to train your employees in first-aid procedures. REFRENCES : REFRENCES Subrahmanyam,C.V.S,Pharmaceutical Engineering ,Aug(2005)Edition,Vallabh Prakashan,Delhi,2005. M.E.Aulton,Pharmaceutics,ELBS Churchill Livingstone,1988. G.T.Austin, Shreve’s Chemical Process Industries , 5th Edition , McGraw Hill Book Company , 1986. www.OSHA.org Slide 35: THANK YOU