UMTS-Basic-Principles

Slide 1:

Introduction to UMTS ISSUE 1.0

object:

2 object Upon completion of this course, you will be able to: Understand the history of 3G mobile communications Understand the UMTS network architecture and 3GPP different releases Understand the UMTS network services Understand the basic principles of UTRAN

References :

3 References TS 21.102 3rd Generation Mobile System Release 4 Specifications TS 21.103 3rd Generation Mobile System Release 5 Specifications Huawei’s UMTS RAN protocols and signaling analysis document

Slide 4:

4 Part 1 Introduction to UMTS Part 2 UTRAN basic principles Part 3 ATM basic principles Contents

Slide 5:

5 Part 1 Introduction to UMTS Section 1 History of 3G Section 2 UMTS network structure Section 3 UMTS network services Contents

Development of Mobile communication :

6 Development of Mobile communication AMPS = Advanced Mobile phone service GSM=Global system for Mobile Communications TACS=Total Access Communications Systems D-AMPS=Digital-AMPS NMT= Nordic Mobile Telephone PDC=personal digital cellular 1 st Generation 1980s (analog) 2 nd Generation 1990s (digital) 3 rd Generation current (digital) AMPS Analog to Digital TACS NMT OTHERS GSM CDMA IS95 D-AMPS PDC WCDMAFDD CDMA 2000 WCDMA TDD Voice to Broadband

History of 3G:

7 History of 3G At 1985 : ITU started the process of defining the standard for third generation systems, referred to as International Mobile Telecommunications 2000 (IMT-2000) Some of the features that IMT-2000 3G network must include 1-Circuit and packet oriented services 2-Simultaneous multiple services 3-Symmetrical and Asymmetrical services 4-Migration path from 2G systems 5-Supporting Multimedia services Car speed environment: 144kbps Walk speed environment: 384kbps Indoor environment: 2048kbps 1992: 230MHz spectrum was allocated in 2GHz band (WARC92)

History of 3G:

8 History of 3G Based on the IMT-200 performance objectives and frequency allocation the ITU-R formally requested a submission of RTT proposals with a closing date at the end of July 1998 . By the closing date , there were a total of 10 RTT proposals were submitted from Europe , United states , Japan , Korea and, China. All these proposal where accepted . Five RTT for IMT2000 • WCDMA FDD • CDMA2000 (1X-EV-DO and 3X modes) • WCDMA-TDD • UWC-136 (based on D-AMPS) • DECT Only three 3G network implemented and currently deployed 1-CDMA 2000 (1X-EV-DO) 2-WCDMA FDD (UMTS FDD) 3-WCDMA TDD (UMTS TDD)

3G standardization organizations :

9 3G standardization organizations Standardization organizations such as 3GPP, 3GPP2 were established 3G system WCDMA 3GPP FDD/TDD mode CDMA2000 3GPP2

Frequency allocation for IMT2000:

10 Frequency allocation for IMT2000 USA 1800 1900 2000 2100 2200 MHz IMT-2000 IMT-2000 MSS 1980 2010 2025 MSS 2170 2110 2170 2110 MSS UMTS 2110 IMT-2000 MSS 2170 IMT-2000 MSS PHS 1895 1918 1980 2025 2010 1850 1930 1990 Unlicensed MSS UMTS DECT 1880 2010 1980 2025 1885 PCS 2155 2025 IMT-2000 IMT-2000 IMT-2000 MSS (Reg.2) MSS (Reg.2) UMTS WARC in 1992 230MHz in 2GHZ Band was allocated to IMT2000 MSS MSS 1900 1920 1910 2110 2150 2165 Reserve MSS ITU Japan Europe/ Australia MSS: Mobile Satellite Service

Frequency allocation for IMT2000:

11 Frequency allocation for IMT2000 Additional (2nd of June, 2000) IMT-2000 GSM (Current) PDC (Current) 800 1000 1500 2500 MHz 960 1885 2690 2010 2110 2170 1980 1710 806 2025 WRC2000 Conference has decided to allocate additional bands for IMT-2000, 800MHz, 1.8GHz, and 2.5GHz Band. 2000 880 960 1710 1990 : Additionally assigned for IMT-2000 810 958 1429 1513

UMTS FDD and TDD:

12 UMTS FDD and TDD FDD (Frequency Division Duplex) TDD (Time Division Duplex) Base station Mobile Terminal f 1: for Up Link f 2: for Down Link Base station Mobile Terminal f 1: for Up & Down Link Up Down TS TS TS: Time slot

Summary :

13 Summary IMT-2000 is the ITU standard for 3G mobile communications three 3G networks are implemented and currently deployed 1-CDMA 2000 (1X-EV-DO) 2-WCDMA FDD (UMTS FDD) 3-WCDMA TDD (UMTS TDD) 3GPP is responsible for producing UMTS network standard specifications 3GPP2 is responsible for producing CDMA2000 network standard specifications

Slide 14:

14 Part 1 Introduction to UMTS Section 1 History of 3G Section 2 UMTS network structure Section 3 UMTS network services Contents

3GPP R99 network Architecture:

15 3GPP R99 network Architecture

3GPP R99 network Architecture:

16 3GPP R99 network Architecture Interoperability with GSM CS domain elements are able to handle 2G and 3G subscribers. Changes (upgrades) in MSC/VLR and HLR/AC/EIR. For example SGSN 2G responsible for mobility management (MM) for packet connections 3G MM divided between RNC and SGSN

3GPP R4 network Architecture:

17 3GPP R4 network Architecture

3GPP R4 network Architecture:

18 3GPP R4 network Architecture The 3GPP R4 introduces separation of the connection, its control, and services for CS domain of CN. Media Gateway (MGW): an element for maintaining the connection and performing switching function when required. MSC server: an element controlling MGW and responsible for signaling Packet switched voice The CS call is changed to the packet switched call in MGW.

Difference between R99 and R4:

19 Difference between R99 and R4 MSC SCP HLR MSC RAN RAN RAN TDM MSC Server SCP HLR RAN RAN RAN ATM/IP MGW MGW MSC Server TUP/ISUP Notes: PS domain structure remain unchanged R99 R4 MAP Over TDM MAP Over TDM/IP CS domain evolution ATM/IP ATM/IP/TDM

3GPP R5 network architecture:

20 3GPP R5 network architecture

3GPP R5 network architecture:

21 3GPP R5 network architecture 3GPP R5 introduces the High Speed Downlink Packet Access (HSDPA) The HSDPA scheme proposes to add an additional wideband downlink shared channel that is optimized for very high-speed data transfer In HSDPA the coding and modulation scheme used are changed according to air interface conditions Release 5 employs two modulation schemes, QPSK and 16QAM. Later releases may introduce other schemes, such as 64QAM 3GPP R5 introduces a IP Multimedia subsystem (IMS)

Summary:

22 Summary 3GPP R99 is the first 3GPP specification for UMTS based on GSM NSS as a CN R4 softswitch based CS Core network was introduced in 3GPP R4 HSDPA and IMS are introduced in 3GPP R5

Slide 23:

23 Part 1 Introduction to UMTS Section 1 History of 3G Section 2 UMTS network structure Section 3 UMTS network services Contents

QoS of Different Services:

24 QoS of Different Services Time delay Quality (BER) background conversational streaming interactive

UMTS services :

25 UMTS services Conversational Services Speech service: Real time conversational service require the low time delay from end to end , and the uplink and the downlink service bandwidth is symmetrical . Adopt AMR ( adaptive multi rate ) technique (WCDMA). 12.2, 10.2, 7.95, 7.40, 6.70, 5.90, 5.15 and 4.75kbps. The bit rate of AMR voice can be controlled by the RAN according to the payload of air interface and the quality of voice service . Video phone (WCDMA) The requirement of time delay is similar to the voice service The CS connection :adopt ITU-T Rec.H.324M (AMR-H.263) The PS connection :adopt IETF SIP or H.323

UMTS services :

26 UMTS services Streaming Services (eg. Telemetry (monitoring) , Audio and Video streaming ) Interactive Services (eg. Web browsing , and online games ) Background Services (eg. Email , Fax , and SMS )

Summary:

27 Summary

Slide 28:

28 Part 1 Introduction to UMTS Part 2 UTRAN basic principles Part 3 ATM basic principles Contents

Multiple Access Techniques:

29 Multiple Access Techniques Traffic channels: different users are assigned unique code and transmitted over the same frequency band, for example, WCDMA and CDMA2000 Traffic channels: different frequency bands are allocated to different users,for example, AMPS and TACS Traffic channels: different time slots are allocated to different users, for example, DAMPS and GSM Frequency Time Power Frequency Time Power Frequency Time Power FDMA TDMA CDMA User User User User User User

Multiple Access Techniques:

30 Multiple Access Techniques Defect 1. Simple Implementation Frequency Reuse privacy 1. Need synchronized of frame 1. Reduction the interference 2. Diversity Hand-over 3. Privacy 1. Sophisticated power control for mobile 1.Privacy Advantage FDMA TDMA CDMA AMPS, TACS GSM, PDC IS95, W-CDMA Defect

Multiple Access Techniques:

31 Multiple Access Techniques FDMA/TDMA CDMA Frequency is different in each sector. Frequency is same. Need for frequency plan ( Frequency Reuse ) No need for frequency plan ｆ１ ｆ 6 ｆ 5 ｆ 2 ｆ 3 ｆ 4 ｆ１ ｆ 7 ｆ 7 ｆ 4 ｆ 6 ｆ 7 ｆ１ ｆ 3 ｆ 4 ｆ 6 ｆ 7 ｆ 2 ｆ 5 ｆ 6 ｆ 2 ｆ 2 ｆ 5 ｆ 3 ｆ１ ｆ 7 ｆ 6 ｆ 5 ｆ 2 ｆ 4 ｆ１ ｆ 1 ｆ 7 ｆ 1 ｆ 7 ｆ 1 ｆ 1 ｆ１ ｆ 1 ｆ 1 ｆ 1 ｆ 1 ｆ 1 ｆ 1 ｆ 1 ｆ 1 ｆ 1 ｆ 1 ｆ 1 ｆ 1 ｆ 1 ｆ 1 ｆ 1 ｆ 1 ｆ 1

DS-CDMA :

32 DS-CDMA User-A A Code 1 User-B B Code 2 User-C C Code 3 User-A A Code 1 User-B B Code 2 User-C C Code 3 De-spreading Code Narrow Band Signal Wide Band Signal (Multiple Signal) Spreading Despreading Narrow Band Signal C B A ( Receiver A) ( Receiver B) ( Receiver C)

Rake Receiver:

33 Rake Receiver A B C A B C A B C Rake

Rake receiver:

34 Rake receiver RX Searcher Combiner Calculation Combined Signal RAKE Receiver Electric Power Electric Power Delay Profile Delay Time Multiple Signal 1 Multiple Signal 2 Multiple Signal 3 Delay Time Finger Circuit Finger Circuit Finger Circuit Output Power

WCDMA handover types :

35 WCDMA handover types Soft Handover UE is connected simultaneously to more than one base station (up to 3 sectors) using the same frequency The UE receives the downlink transmissions of two or more base stations. For this purpose it has to employ one of its RAKE receiver fingers for each received signal. in the uplink direction , the code channel of the mobile station is received from both base stations, but the received data is then routed to the RNC for combining The RNC selects the better frame between the two possible candidates based on frame reliability indicator

WCDMA handover types :

36 WCDMA handover types Softer Handover UE is connected simultaneously to two sectors of one base station using the same frequency The UE receives the downlink transmissions the two sectors. For this purpose it has to employ one of its RAKE receiver fingers for each received signal. in the uplink direction , the code channel of the mobile station is received in each sector, then routed to the same baseband Rake receiver and the maximal ratio combined there in the usual way.

WCDMA handover types :

37 WCDMA handover types Hard Handover The UE stops transmission on one frequency before it moves to another frequency and starts transmitting again During Hard Handover the used radio frequency (RF) of the UE changes

WCDMA handover types:

38 WCDMA handover types Inter-system Handover Handover between two different radio access technologies Handover between UMTS FDD and GSM Handover between UMTS FDD and UMTS TDD

Spreading process in WCDMA:

39 Spreading process in WCDMA 1 st Step: Channelization Variable Rate Spreading ( According to user data rate) 2 nd Step: Scrambling Code Fixed Rate Spreading (3,840 Kchips) S Channelization Code Scrambling Code 3,840 Kcps Coding & Interleaving

Spreading process in WCDMA:

40 Spreading process in WCDMA Downlink (NodeB to UE ) Scrambling Code: Identifies cell (sector). Channelization Code: Identifies user channels in cell (Sector). Scrambling Code A Scra m b lin g C o de B Scrambling Code C Channelization Code 1 Channelization Code 2 Channelization Code 3 Channelization Code 1 Channelization Code 2 Channelization Code 2 Channelization Code 1

Spreading process in WCDMA:

41 Spreading process in WCDMA Up Link (UE to NodeB ) Scrambling Code: Identifies user terminal. Channelization Code: Identifies channels in user terminal. Scrambling Code A Scra m b lin g C o de B Scrambling Code C Channelization Code 1 Channelization Code 2 Channelization Code 1 Channelization Code 1

Spreading process in WCDMA:

42 Spreading process in WCDMA Orthogonal Variable Spreading Factor [OVSF] codes are the channelization codes used for signal spreading in the uplink and downlink

Spreading process in WCDMA:

43 Spreading process in WCDMA The code used for scrambling of the uplink Channels may be of either long or short type, There are 2 24 long and 2 24 short uplink scrambling codes. Uplink scrambling codes are assigned by higher layers. F or downlink physical channels, a total of 2 18 -1 = 262,143 scrambling codes can be generated. Only scrambling codes k = 0, 1, …, 8191 are used. In the downlink direction 512 of scrambling codes are used to identify the cells in the downlink so downlink planning is required

W-CDMA (IMT-DS) Specification:

44 W-CDMA (IMT-DS) Specification Multiple access method DS-CDMA (DS: Direct Spread) Duplexing method FDD/TDD (Frequency Division Duplex/Time Division Duplex) Inter-cell synchronization Asynchronous Bandwidth 5 MHZ Chip rate 3.84 Mcps Carrier spacing Flexible with 100/200kHz carrier raster Frame length Unit 10 ms Data modulation Downlink: QPSK, Uplink: BPSK Multi-rate concept Variable spreading factor and/or multi-code Maximum data rate 2 Mbps (indoor)/384 kbps (mobile) Channel coding Convolutional coding (R=1/3 or 1/2, K=9) Turbo code for High data rate BPSK: Binary phase shift keying QPSK: Quadrature phase shift keying

UMTS FDD frequency allocations :

45 UMTS FDD frequency allocations Operating Band UL Frequencies UE transmit, Node B receive DL frequencies UE receive, Node B transmit I 1920 – 1980 MHz 2110 – 2170 MHz II 1850 – 1910 MHz 1930 – 1990 MHz III 1710-1785 MHz 1805-1880 MHz IV 1710-1755 MHz 2110-2155 MHz V 824 – 849 MHz 869-894 MHz VI 830-840 MHz 875-885 MHz Operating Band TX-RX frequency separation I 190 MHz II 80 MHz. III 95 MHz. IV 400 MHz V 45 MHz VI 45 MHz

Summary:

46 Summary UMTS is based on DS-CDMA as a multiple access technique Rack receiver is used to combine signals and get benefits from Multipath fading . Also it is used to combine signals in soft and softer handover cases Two types of Power control are used in UMTS , open and closed loop power control Types of handover in UMTS Soft handover Softer handover Hard handover Inter-system handover Spreading process in WCDMA consists of two stages Channelization Scrambling

Slide 47:

47 Part 1 Introduction to UMTS Part 2 UTRAN basic principles Part 3 ATM basic principles Contents

Why do we need a new technology?:

48 To provide a high-speed , low delay multiplexing and switching network to any type of user traffic , such as voice support , data,or video applications. Why do we need a new technology?

Traditional Switch Model’s Characteristic:

49 Traditiona l Switch Model’s Characteristic Circuit Switching Data is sent from the same route, so time delay is fixed High-speed switching Fixed rate Packet Switching Support multi-rate switching Take full advantage of bandwidth/waste of bandwidth Time delay is not fixed

What is ATM?:

50 What is ATM? ATM for Telecommunications is Asynchronous Transfer Mode , (not Automatic Teller Machine!). In general, ATM means that traffic is carried in small, fixed-length packets called cells. A technology that integrates advantages of circuit switch and packet switch . ATM can support any type of user services, such as voice, data , or video service .

ATM can provides both CBR and VBR transport:

51 ATM can provides both CBR and VBR transport

ATM Overview:

52 ATM Overview 53byte fixed length cell= 5Bytes cell header+48Bytes payload. ATM must set up virtual connection before communication. ATM network will confer with terminal on parameter of QoS before the connection is set up. Contract 5-Bytes Header 48-Bytes Payload

ATM Network Model:

53 ATM Network Model UNI UNI NNI NNI NNI NNI NNI UNI ATM Switch ATM End terminal UNI = User to Network Interface NNI = Network to Network Interface

ATM Cell:

54 ATM Cell

ATM Cell:

55 ATM Cell GFC ( Generic Flow Control): It is intended for control of a possible bus system at the user interface and is not used at the moment. VPI ( Virtual Path Identifier): The VPI contains the second part of the addressing instructions and is of higher priority than the VCI. VCI ( Virtual Channel Identifier): VCI in each case indicates a path section between switching centers or between the switching center and the subscriber. PTI ( Payload Type Identifier): Indicates the type of data in the information field. CLP ( Cell Loss Priority): Determines whether a cell can be preferentially deleted or not in the case of a transmission bottleneck. HEC ( Header Error Control): Provided in order to control and, to some extent, correct errors in the header data that may occur. The HEC is used to synchronize the receiver to the start of the cell.

VP and VC:

56 VP and VC think VPI as a bundle of virtual channels. (256 VPI on one link) the individual virtual channels have unique VCIs. The VCI values may be reused in each virtual path.

ATM Connections:

57 ATM Connections

ATM Virtual Connection:

58 ATM Virtual Connection UNI cell VPI =1 VCI =1 UNI cell VPI =20 VCI =30 NNI cell VPI =26 VCI =44 NNI cell VPI =6 VCI =44 NNI cell VPI =2 VCI =44 1 2 3 1 2 3 1 3 2 2 3 1 ATM Virtual Connection Port VPI VCI 1 26 44 2 2 44 Port VPI VCI 1 2 44 2 6 44 Port VPI VCI 2 6 44 3 20 30 Port VPI VCI 1 1 1 2 26 44 A B In order to exchange cells between A and B, several tables must be set up in network node where the cells passed. After these tables have been set up, all the cells will be transferred along this route. This route is called Virtual Connection.

ATM Protocol Structure Model :

59 ATM Protocol Structure Model

ATM traffic classes :

60 ATM traffic classes

ATM traffic parameters :

61 ATM traffic parameters

ATM applications in UMTS network:

62 ATM applications in UMTS network UTRAN

ATM applications in UMTS network:

63 ATM applications in UMTS network

Slide 64:

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