The Immune System :The Immune System


THE THREE LINES OF DEFENCE :THE THREE LINES OF DEFENCE


Slide 3:There are “Three lines of Defense” that all contribute to the Immune System ,each an important part in the destruction of Pathogens (Pathogens are any foreign substance found in the body that causes an Immune Response)


Slide 4:First Line of Defense


Slide 5:Skin Thick layers of Skin make the penetration of Pathogens nearly Impossible


Slide 6:The First Line of Defense Sweat and Oil on your skin kill most Pathogens they come in contact with due to the fact that your Sweat is acidic.


Mucus Membranes :Mucus Membranes


Slide 8:Thick walls of Mucus line your Nose, Throat , and Stomach. Mucus acts as a kind of glue that traps any Pathogens that happen to be going by . The Cilia (little hairs) then move the Pathogen filled Mucus out of the body


Secretion :Secretion Mucus Tears Saliva Sweat


Slide 13:The various secretions push out pathogens and also contains a chemical called Lysozyme that breaks through the cell walls of Bacteria therefore killing them.


Mucus :Mucus


Tears :Tears


Saliva :Saliva


Sweat :Sweat


Slide 18:Second line of Defense


Innate Immune Response :Innate Immune Response There are four important non-specific (Innate) defenses that come into action once a pathogen has entered the body. Inflammatory Response Temperature Response Proteins White Blood Cells


The Inflammatory Response :The Inflammatory Response A series of events that repress infection and speed healing through dilation of blood vessels.


Slide 21:Histamines dilate blood vessels and bring white blood cells to the area of infection thus causing Inflammation


Slide 22:Swelling ,Redness, and Puss may also occur (Puss—A build up of millions of dead white blood cells )


Temperature Response :Temperature Response To fight pathogens the body will raise its temperature a couple degrees above normal to try and kill them.


Slide 24:Fever helps to combat bacteria due to the fact that Pathogens cannot survive high temperatures.


Proteins :Proteins A variety of proteins provide a non-specific defense from Pathogens


Slide 26:Interferon is a protein release by cells infected with a virus. (Its causes nearby cells to create an enzyme that prevents Viruses from making proteins and RNA)


White Blood Cells (Phagocytes) :White Blood Cells (Phagocytes) Neutrophils , macrophages and natural killer cells wait within tissue for pathogens to annihilate.


Slide 28:Neutrophils overwhelm and destroy pathogens by sacrificing themselves for wellbeing of the rest of the body


Slide 31:Macrophages consume and kill pathogens as well as clear the body of dead cells and debris.


Slide 33:Natural killer cells puncture the cell membranes of pathogens, allowing liquid to rush in and make the cell burst


The Third Line of Defense :The Third Line of Defense


Slide 36:The 3rd line of defense is Called “The Acquired Immune Response” is a specific Immune response unlike the first and second line of defense. Its is an Immune response that you gain by being infected with pathogens or virus’ and combating them. Acquired Immune Response


Slide 37:Helper T-Cells activate both cytotoxic T cells and B cells


Helper T-Cell :Helper T-Cell


Slide 39:The helper T Cells recognize Virus’s that would otherwise go un-noticed. It then alerts the B-Cells. The B cells first analyze the virus then they construct a antibody that is specifically for that one virus.


Slide 41:After the Virus is smothered in antibodies and cannot infect anything other cells the killer t cells are called to the seen to dispose of the incapacitated virus and kill the infected cells.


Slide 44:Armed Memory B-Cell


Slide 45:Antibodies are Immune System proteins that destroy pathogens


Slide 48:The End!!! By:Johnathan Baekgaard