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Slide 1:

SWITCH GEAR PROTECTION WITH EMPHASIS ON 220KV GENERATING TRANSFORMER AND CIRCUIT BREAKERS

Slide 2:

SWITCH GEAR PROTECTION WITH EMPHASIS ON 220KV GENERATING TRANSFORMER AND CIRCUIT BREAKERS PRESENTED BY: V.SOWMYA K.V.V.PAVAN A.RANADEEP REDDY

CONTENTS:

CONTENTS INTRODUCTION OVERVIEW SINGLE LINE DIAGRAM OF 220KV SWITCH YARD POWER TRANSFORMER

Slide 4:

CIRCUIT BREAKERS CURRENT TRANSFORMERS CAPACTER VOLTAGE TRANSFORMER BUS BAR ARRANGEMENT & PROTECTION

Slide 5:

FUTHER SCOPE CONCLUSION BIBLIOGRAPHY

INTRODUCTION:

INTRODUCTION An electrical power system consists of generation, transmission and distribution lines. Short circuit occurs in the transmission, distribution lines due to faults.

Slide 7:

A protective scheme includes C.B’S, Instrument Transformers and relays to isolate the faulty section of the system from the healthy sections. The role of latest switchgear is to minimize the breakdowns and increases the availability of Units.

OVERVIEW:

OVERVIEW OVERVIEW: The Nagarjuna Sagar Reservoir named after Acharya Nagarjuna, the great Disciple of Lord Buddha, extends upto the toe of the srisailam dam Two canal systems take off from the right and left banks of the reservoir providing irrigation for vast areas on both banks of the river.

Slide 9:

PUMPED STORAGE SCHEME : The ultimate installed capacity of the power house 815.16MW . RIGHT CANAL HYDRA-ELECTRIC STATION LEFT CANAL POWER HOUSE

Slide 10:

PARTS OF HYDEL STATION : Dam Trash rack Penstock-intake gate Penstock Turbine Generator Transformer & Switch gear etc

Slide 12:

Dam

Generator::

Generator:

SWITCH GEAR::

SWITCH GEAR: SWITCH GEAR is used for Switching, Controlling and Protecting the Electrical circuits and equipment. The Switch Gear is installed in the SWITCH YARD .

Switch yard equipments:

Switch yard equipments Isolators: The major difference between an isolator and a circuit breaker is that an isolator is an off-load device intended to be opened only after current has been interrupted by some other control device. A circuit breaker is an on-load device that can interrupt load or short-circuit current

Types of isolators are: :

Types of isolators are: Vertical break type Horizontal break type Vertical pantograph type

HV FUSE :

HV FUSE Fuses are used on power systems up to 115,000 volts AC. A 115 kV high-voltage fuse in a substation near a hydroelectric power plant

Slide 18:

SINGLE LINE DIAGRAM OF 220KV SWITCH YARD

Slide 19:

POWER TRANSFORMER: 220kV power transformer uses high-quality silicon steel core and laminated by steps. It is advantageous in low loss; low noise, low voltage partial discharge and high anti short-circuit capacity. The core and oil box are well fixed and well protected on moving.

Slide 20:

COOLING EQUIPMENT: The cooling equipment consists of two horizontal water cooled oil coolers with two sets of pump and motor for circulating the hot oil. Each set is suitable for 100% rating of the transformer. One set acts as a standby. Water and oil valves must be kept in close position for standby cooler.

Slide 21:

Water Cooled Oil Coolers Oil Pump Fittings Oil and Water Flow Indicators Differential Pressure Gauge

Slide 22:

The types of faults that the transformers are subjected to are classified as : 1) Through Faults 2) Internal Faults

Slide 23:

The following relays are employed to protect the transformer against internal faults: Buchholz relays Differential relays REF relays Overfluxing relays

Slide 24:

Buchholz relays:

Slide 25:

Whenever a fault in transformer develops slowly, heat is produced locally, which begins to decompose solid of liquid insulated materials thus to produce inflammable gas and oil flow. This phenomena has been used in the gas protection relay or popularly known as Buchholz relay.

Slide 26:

fig: Buchholz relay

Slide 27:

Differential relays: A Differential relay compares the currents on both sides of the transformer.

Slide 28:

Restricted earth fault protection(REF): The relay is operative only for the internal faults of the transformer and thus fast operating timer can be achieved . For external faults no current flows through REF unless a CT gets saturated.

Slide 29:

Over fluxing Protection: Over fluxing condition in a transformer can occur during system over voltage and/or under frequency conditions (V/F). The over fluxing condition does not call for high speed tripping. Relays with definite time delay (nearly 30 sec.) and inverse characteristic are being employed

CIRCUIT BREAKERS::

CIRCUIT BREAKERS: The function of a circuit breaker is to isolate the faulty part of the power system in case of abnormal conditions. A circuit breaker has two contacts- a fixed contact and a moving contact.

Slide 31:

Classification of circuit breakers: Depending on the arc quenching medium employed, the following are important types of circuit breakers: Oil circuit breakers Air blast circuit breakers Sulphur hexafluoride(sf6) circuit breakers Vacuum circuit breakers

Slide 32:

Operating Mechanisms: Different manufacturers adopt one of the following: i . Pneumatic ii. Hydraulic iii. Spring

OPENING & CLOSING TIMES: :

OPENING & CLOSING TIMES: Closing Time Measurement of Circuit Breaker using Digital Time Internal Meter Measurement of Circuit Breaker Opening Time

SF6 Circuit Breaker ::

SF6 Circuit Breaker :

Compressed air: :

Compressed air: compressor unit

HYDRAULIC SF6 BREAKER: :

HYDRAULIC SF6 BREAKER:

Electro hydraulic operating system of the circuit breaker :

Electro hydraulic operating system of the circuit breaker

MINIMUM OIL CIRCUIT BREAKER::

MINIMUM OIL CIRCUIT BREAKER:

Spring Operating Mechanism:         :

Spring Operating Mechanism:

BUSBAR CT’s CONNECTIONS::

BUSBAR CT’s CONNECTIONS:

C.T POLARITY TEST::

C.T POLARITY TEST:

220KV ELECTROMAGNETIC POTENTIAL TRANSFORMER: :

220KV ELECTROMAGNETIC POTENTIAL TRANSFORMER:

Circulating Current Protection: :

Circulating Current Protection: