The Periodic Table of Elements

The Periodic Table of Elements:

The Periodic Table of Elements

Elements in the Periodic Table:

Elements in the Periodic Table All around our planet Earth, We can see different kinds of elements on different places around the globe. All these elements deal with our daily lives. Today, we will be discussing some elements commonly heard and used which are found in our periodic table of elements.

Helium:

Helium the chemical element of atomic number 2, an inert gas which is the lightest member of the noble gas series. (Symbol: He) Helium occurs in traces in air, and more abundantly in natural gas deposits. It is used as a lifting gas for balloons and airships, and liquid helium (boiling point: 4.2 kelvins, −268.9 °C) is used as a coolant. Helium is produced in stars as the main product of the thermonuclear fusion of hydrogen, and is the second most abundant element in the universe after hydrogen

Hydrogen:

Hydrogen a colourless, odorless, highly flammable gas, the chemical element of atomic number 1. (Symbol: H) Hydrogen is the lightest of the chemical elements and has the simplest atomic structure, a single electron orbiting a nucleus consisting of a single proton. It is by far the commonest element in the universe, although not on the earth, where it occurs chiefly combined with oxygen as water

Lithium:

Lithium the chemical element of atomic number 3, a soft silver-white metal. It is the lightest of the alkali metals. (Symbol: Li) lithium carbonate or another lithium salt, used as a mood-stabilizing drug. Origin: early 19th century: from lithia + - ium

Beryllium:

Beryllium the chemical element of atomic number 4, a hard grey metal. (Symbol: Be) Beryllium is the lightest of the alkaline earth metals, and its chief source is the mineral beryl. It is used in the manufacture of light corrosion-resistant alloys and in windows in X-ray equipment

Boron:

Boron the chemical element of atomic number 5, a non-metallic solid. (Symbol: B) Boron is usually prepared as an amorphous brown powder, but when very pure it forms hard , shiny, black crystals with semiconducting properties. The element has some specialized uses, such as in alloy steels and in nuclear control rods Origin: early 19th century: from borax , on the pattern of carbon (which it resembles in some respects) the chemical element of atomic number 5, a non-metallic solid. (Symbol: B) Boron is usually prepared as an amorphous brown powder, but when very pure it forms hard , shiny, black crystals with semiconducting properties. The element has some specialized uses, such as in alloy steels and in nuclear control rods Origin: early 19th century: from borax , on the pattern of carbon (which it resembles in some respects)

Carbon:

Carbon the chemical element of atomic number 6, a non-metal which has two main forms (diamond and graphite) and which also occurs in impure form in charcoal, soot, and coal. (Symbol: C)

Nitrogen:

Nitrogen the chemical element of atomic number 7, a colourless , odourless unreactive gas that forms about 78 per cent of the earth's atmosphere. Liquid nitrogen (made by distilling liquid air) boils at 77.4 kelvins (−195.8 °C) and is used as a coolant. (Symbol: N) Origin: late 18th century: from French nitrogène

Oxygen:

Oxygen a colourless , odourless reactive gas, the chemical element of atomic number 8 and the life-supporting component of the air. (Symbol: O) Oxygen is essential to plant and animal life and is a constituent of most organic compounds. It forms about 20 per cent of the earth‘s atmosphere, and is the most abundant element in the earth’s crust, mainly in the form of oxides, silicates, and carbonates

Fluorine:

Fluorine the chemical element of atomic number 9, a poisonous pale yellow gas of the halogen series. It is the most reactive of all the elements, causing very severe burns on contact with skin. (Symbol: F) Origin: early 19th century: from fluor

Neon:

Neon the chemical element of atomic number 10, an inert gaseous element of the noble gas group. It is obtained by the distillation of liquid air and is used in fluorescent lamps and illuminated advertising signs. (Symbol: Ne) Origin: late 19th century: from Greek, literally 'something new', neuter of the adjective neos

Sodium:

Sodium the chemical element of atomic number 11, a soft silver-white reactive metal of the alkali-metal group. (Symbol: Na) Origin: early 19th century: from soda + - ium

Magnesium:

Magnesium the chemical element of atomic number 12, a silver-white metal of the alkaline earth series. It is used to make strong lightweight alloys, and is also used in flash bulbs and pyrotechnics, as it burns with a brilliant white flame. (Symbol: Mg)

Aluminum:

Aluminum the chemical element of atomic number 13, a light silvery-grey metal. (Symbol: Al) Aluminum is the most abundant metal in the earth's crust and is obtained mainly from bauxite. Its resistance to corrosion, lightness , and strength (especially in alloys) have led to widespread use in domestic utensils, engineering parts , and aircraft construction

Silicon:

Silicon the chemical element of atomic number 14, a non-metal with semiconducting properties, used in making electronic circuits . Pure silicon exists in a shiny dark grey crystalline form and as an amorphous powder. (Symbol: Si) Origin: early 19th century: alteration of earlier silicium , from Latin silex , silic - 'flint', on the pattern of carbon and boron Easily confused words : Do not confuse silicon with silicone. Silicon is a chemical element used in electronic circuits and microchips, whereas silicone is the material used in cosmetic implants.

Phosphorus:

Phosphorus the chemical element of atomic number 15, a poisonous, combustible non-metal which exists in two common allotropic forms, white phosphorus, a yellowish waxy solid which ignites spontaneously in air and glows in the dark, and red phosphorus, a less reactive form used in making matches. (Symbol: P) Origin: late 17th century: from Latin, from Greek phōsphoros , from phōs 'light' + - phoros '-bringing'

Sulfur:

Sulfur Sulphur occurs in volcanic and sedimentary deposits, as well as being a constituent of many minerals and petroleum. It is normally a bright yellow crystalline solid, but several other allotropic forms can be made . Sulphur is an ingredient of gunpowder, and is used in making matches and as an antiseptic and fungicide the chemical element of atomic number 16, a yellow combustible non-metal. (Symbol: S) Origin: Middle English: from Anglo-Norman French sulfre , from Latin sulfur , sulphur

Chlorine:

Chlorine the chemical element of atomic number 17, a toxic, irritant, pale green gas. (Symbol: Cl ) A member of the halogen group, chlorine occurs in nature mainly as sodium chloride in seawater and salt deposits. The gas was used as a poison gas in the First World War. Chlorine is added to water supplies as a disinfectant Origin: early 19th century: named by Sir Humphrey Davy, from Greek khlōros 'green'  + - ine

Argon:

Argon the chemical element of atomic number 18, an inert gaseous element of the noble gas group. Argon is the commonest noble gas, making up nearly one per cent of the earth's atmosphere. (Symbol: Ar ) Origin: late 19th century: from Greek, neuter of argos 'idle', from a- 'without' + ergon 'work'

Potassium:

Potassium the chemical element of atomic number 19, a soft silvery-white reactive metal of the alkali-metal group. (Symbol: K) Origin: early 19th century: from potash (earlier potass , from French potasse )  + - ium

Calcium:

Calcium the chemical element of atomic number 20, a soft grey metal. (Symbol: Ca) Calcium is one of the alkaline earth metals. Its compounds occur naturally in limestone, fluorite, gypsum, and other minerals. Many physiological processes involve calcium ions, and calcium salts are an essential constituent of bone, teeth, and shells Origin: early 19th century: from Latin calx , calc- 'lime'  (see calx )  + - ium

Titanium:

Titanium the chemical element of atomic number 22, a hard silver-grey metal of the transition series, used in strong, light , corrosion-resistant alloys. (Symbol: Ti) Origin: late 18th century: from Titan , on the pattern of uranium

Chromium:

Chromium the chemical element of atomic number 24, a hard white metal used in stainless steel and other alloys. (Symbol: Cr) Origin: early 19th century: from chrome + - ium

Manganese:

Manganese the chemical element of atomic number 25, a hard grey metal of the transition series. Manganese is an important component of special steels and magnetic alloys. (Symbol: Mn ) the black dioxide of manganese as an industrial raw material or additive, especially in glass-making. Origin: late 17th century: via French from Italian manganese , alteration of medieval Latin magnesia (see magnesia )

Iron:

Iron Iron is widely distributed as ores such as haematite , magnetite, and siderite, and the earth's core is believed to consist largely of metallic iron and nickel. Besides steel, other important forms of the metal are cast iron and wrought iron. Chemically a transition element, iron is a constituent of some biological molecules, notably haemoglobin a strong, hard magnetic silvery-grey metal, the chemical element of atomic number 26, much used as a material for construction and manufacturing, especially in the form of steel. (Symbol: Fe)

Cobalt:

Cobalt the chemical element of atomic number 27, a hard silvery-white magnetic metal. (Symbol: Co) Cobalt is chiefly obtained as a by-product from nickel and copper ores. It is a transition metal similar in many respects to nickel and is mainly used as a component of magnetic alloys and those designed for use at high temperatures Origin: late 17th century: from German Kobalt 'imp, demon' (because the presence of cobalt-bearing ore made it more difficult to extract silver, and miners believed that it was harmful to the silver ore with which it occurred)

Nickel:

Nickel Nickel occurs naturally in various minerals and the earth's core is believed to consist largely of metallic iron and nickel. Its chief use is in alloys, especially with iron, to which it imparts strength and resistance to corrosion, and with copper for coinage a silvery-white metal, the chemical element of atomic number 28. (Symbol: Ni) Origin: mid 18th century: shortening of German Kupfernickel , the copper- coloured ore from which nickel was first obtained, from Kupfer 'copper' + Nickel 'demon' (with reference to the ore's failure to yield copper)

Copper:

Copper Copper was the earliest metal to be used by humans, first by itself and then later alloyed with tin to form bronze. A ductile easily worked metal, it is a very good conductor of heat and electricity and is used especially for electrical wiring a red-brown metal, the chemical element of atomic number 29. (Symbol: Cu) Origin: Old English copor , coper (related to Dutch koper and German Kupfer ), based on late Latin cuprum , from Latin cyprium aes 'Cyprus metal' (so named because Cyprus was the chief source)

Zinc:

Zinc the chemical element of atomic number 30, a silvery-white metal which is a constituent of brass and is used for coating (galvanizing) iron and steel to protect against corrosion. (Symbol: Zn)

Gold:

Gold a yellow precious metal, the chemical element of atomic number 79, used in jewelry and decoration and to guarantee the value of currencies. (Symbol: Au)

Mercury:

Mercury the chemical element of atomic number 80, a heavy silvery-white metal which is liquid at ordinary temperatures. (Symbol: Hg) Also called quicksilver the column of mercury in a thermometer or barometer, or its height as indicating atmospheric temperature or pressure historical mercury or one of its compounds used medicinally, especially to treat syphilis. Origin: Middle English: from Latin Mercurius

Lead:

Lead a soft , heavy, ductile bluish-grey metal, the chemical element of atomic number 82. It has been used in roofing, plumbing, ammunition, storage batteries, radiation shields, etc., and its compounds have been used in crystal glass, as an anti-knock agent in petrol, and (formerly) in paints. (Symbol: Pb) Origin: Old English lēad , of West Germanic origin; related to Dutch lood 'lead' and German Lot 'plummet, solder'

SILVER:

SILVER a precious shiny greyish-white metal, the chemical element of atomic number 47. (Symbol: Ag) Origin: Old English seolfor , of Germanic origin; related to Dutch zilver and German Silber

Reference ::

Reference : http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periodic_table_of_elements http://www.science.co.il/ptelements.asp

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