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SONET/SDH : 

SONET/SDH Presented By: Yasmin S. Attar. Mayuri V. Birajdar. (T.E.CSE) 1 WELCOME

SONET/SDH : 

1 Architecture 2 SONET Layers 3 SONET Frames 4 STS Multiplexing 5 SONET Networks. 2 SONET/SDH

SONET/SDH : 

Digital transmission standards for fiber-optic cable Independently developed in USA & Europe SONET(Synchronous Optical Network) by USA SDH(Synchronous Digital Hierarchy) by Europe Synchronous network using synchronous TDM multiplexing All clocks in the system are locked to a master clock It contains the standards for fiber-optic equipments Very flexible to carry other transmission systems (DS-0, DS-1, etc) 3 SONET/SDH

SONET/SDH Architecture : 

SONET devices: STS multiplexer/demultiplexer, regenerator, add/drop multiplexer, terminals 4 SONET/SDH Architecture

SONET/SDH Architecture : 

Connections: SONET devices are connected using sections, lines, and paths Section: optical link connecting two neighbor devices: mux to mux, mux to regenerator, or regenerator to regenerator Lines: portion of network between two multiplexers Paths: end-to-end portion of the network between two STS multiplexers 5 SONET/SDH Architecture

SONET Layers : 

SONET defines four layers: path, line, section, and photonic Path layer is responsible for the movement of a signal from its optical source to its optical destination Line layers is for the movement of a signal across a physical line Section layer is for the movement of a signal across a physical section, handling framing, scrambling, and error control Photonic layer corresponds to the physical layer of OSI model 6 SONET Layers

Device-Layer Relationship in SONET : 

7 Device-Layer Relationship in SONET

SONET Frames : 

Each synchronous transfer signal STS-n is composed of 8000 frames. Each frame is a two-dimensional matrix of bytes with 9 rows by 90 × n columns. 8 SONET Frames A SONET STS-n signal is transmitted at 8000 frames per second Each byte in a SONET frame can carry a digitized voice channel In SONET, the data rate of an STS-n signal is n times the data rate of an STS-1 signal In SONET, the duration of any frame is 125 μs

SONET Network : 

9 SONET Network Point-to-point network Multipoint network

Ring Network: UPSR : 

10 Ring Network: UPSR Unidirectional Path Switching Ring (UPSR)

Ring Network: BLSR : 

11 Ring Network: BLSR Bidirectional Line Switching Ring (BLSR)

Ring Network: Combination : 

12 Ring Network: Combination Combination of UPSR and BLSR

Mesh Network : 

13 Mesh Network Ring network has the lack of scalability Mesh network has better performance

CONCLUSION : 

SONET is here, now. It will continue to penetrate the market through upgrades and retirement of existing equipment. It is an international standard that is being widely adopted. One reason it is so important is that SONET has been selected as transmission technology for BISDN. It can transport all signals currently defined in the world today. 15 CONCLUSION

Slide 15: 

THANK YOU 16