logging in or signing up GLASS PACKGING aSGuest83246 Download Post to : URL : Related Presentations : Share Add to Flag Embed Email Send to Blogs and Networks Add to Channel Uploaded from authorPOINT lite Insert YouTube videos in PowerPont slides with aS Desktop Copy embed code: (To copy code, click on the text box) Embed: URL: Thumbnail: WordPress Embed Customize Embed The presentation is successfully added In Your Favorites. Views: 496 Category: Education License: All Rights Reserved Like it (1) Dislike it (0) Added: January 24, 2011 This Presentation is Public Favorites: 1 Presentation Description No description available. Comments Posting comment... By: pacchi6 (12 month(s) ago) Hi, The presentation is good one. Can you share the same for training purpose. pacchi6@yahoo.com Saving..... Post Reply Close Saving..... Edit Comment Close Premium member Presentation Transcript Slide 1: 1 PACKAGING MATERIAL By. Dhaval vikani What is Glass? : 2 What is Glass? An amorphous inorganic product of fusion that has been cooled to a rigid condition without crystallizing. Not a crystalline solid, not a liquid. It is a “frozen” liquid. Types of Glass : 3 Types of Glass Type I Neutral (Borosilicate glass) Type II Treated Soda lime glass (surface treatment) Type III Soda lime glass NP Soda glass (Non-parenteral use) Type IV General Chemical Composition : 4 General Chemical Composition Advantages : 5 Advantages Impermeable to gases, odors, moisture and microorganisms Clarity, Transparency Because of high M.P. & heat resistance it can be sterilized by dry or moist heat Most inert to all packaging materials It can be fabricated to produce variety of shapes Due to smooth surface, easy to clean Reusable & Recyclable Ideal for high speed filling lines Disadvantages : 6 Disadvantages Heavy Susceptible for mechanical breakage Unable to withstand sudden changes in temperature Leaching of Alkali Potential Hazards from glass splinters or fragments in food. Glass Manufacturing : 7 Glass Manufacturing Manufacturing Steps : 8 Manufacturing Steps Batching Melting Forming Annealing Sorting & Inspection Packaging Batching : 9 Batching It is just like Baking a cake i.e. all ingredients go in and they get mixed together. This is the same for glass container mfg. as all the ingredients mixed together, and put into shuttle device to bring the raw material to the Furness. Melting : 10 Melting Melting of the ingredients occurs in the furnace, which turns the contents into molten glass. This is the cooking process.. Melting temperature 1550-1600°C Forming : 11 Forming Two common processes are used Blow & Blow process: In this parison is formed by compressed air. The parison is then transferred into the mold to form specific shape of the container. Press & Blow process: In this method parison I shaped by pressing the glass against the blank mold with a metal plunger. The parison is then transferred into the mold to form specific shape of the container. Forming : 12 Forming Other processes Pressed Glassware: It involve first step of above process & the final shape is achieved by one pressing of glass which is entrapped & shaped between mould walls & plunger. Tubular Glassware: A tube of glass is first produced & subsequently cut & shaped (after reheating) by separate process. Blow and Blow process : 13 Blow and Blow process Press & Blow Process : 14 Press & Blow Process Narrow Neck Press & Blow (NNPB) : 15 Narrow Neck Press & Blow (NNPB) Relatively recent process Similar to press & blow process More accurately control uniformity of glass distribution Weight is reduced upto 25% Annealing Process : 16 Annealing Process Slow cooling of the glass in order to strengthen the container. Produces a more stable product. Annealing lehr (oven) 540oC Holding for 15 minutes Cooling Almost the softening point of glass Annealing Process : 17 Annealing Process Heating to annealing point & then lowering the temp. gradually for releasing the residual strain in the glass Controlled heating & cooling process designed to relieve internal stress introduced in container during & immediately after glass container formation. Annealing Point: The sp. Temp. in which internal stresses build up during glass container formation. Sorting & Inspection : 18 Sorting & Inspection Sorting is carried out either manual or automatic. To carryout automatic sorting operations the containers are put onto a single line conveyer for electronic & mechanical checking i.e. body dimensions, bore, visual damage etc. Manual testing is also performed at lab. The sorting area is usually screened from dirtier mfg. process & is under positive pressure. Packaging : 19 Packaging Last part of the production process. Glass containers are supplied for many years in open returnable wooden crates, but currently used material: Fiber board outers Shrink wraps This is easy for Handling & Transportation. Design : 20 Design The design involves two basic considerations Aesthetic appeal: Consumer convenience. Functional efficiency: on Production line, closuring, packing, warehousing & finally stability at point of sale. Design which lead to point to point contact is susceptible to damage so it should be avoided. Design provides a uniform wall section & avoid thick & thin areas. Design (cont..) : 21 Design (cont..) Large flat surfaces should be avoided as these tend to sink during the cooling & may give labeling & capacity problems. Height of the embossing should be kept minimum (0.4 – 0.75mm) A bottle must be designed to be removed from or clear the mould. The use of CAD/CAM & computer technology is widely applied to improve the design Stippling of the base is useful in improving base grip, masking mould scars & improving strength of the container. Decoration : 22 Decoration Certain decorative process other than labeling may be used. Ceramic Printing Thermo-Cal system Organic coating and inks Inorganic metallic oxide coating Colours imparted to Glass Special Pharmaceutical Containers : 23 Special Pharmaceutical Containers Glass containers broadly divided into Narrow necked (including sprinkler) Wide necked Most specialized container names. Carboys: exist in balloon shape or cylindrical or straight side form. Cylindrical rounds, Boston rounds: Convential cylindrical bottle with near flat shoulders Winchesters: widely used in UK & covers range from 0.5fl.oz upwards. Types of containers : 24 Types of containers Tubular glass containers Ampoules Vials Disposable syringes Aerosols Tubular glass containers : 25 Tubular glass containers Limited use of these containers prior to 1917, but after introduction of continuously drawing glass tube leads to greater use. Advantages: Lower weight, Thinner & more even wall control Hermitically sealed Ampoules : 26 Ampoules The current use of ampoule is vary static. It was one of the first unit dose container. Some std. are exist for ampoule shapes & sizes with variations on the neck & method of opening (scoring & ceramic point) These are sterilized by dry heat or steam after filling. Vials : 27 Vials These were popular in 1920s & 1930s when first used. These are parallel side containers with a flat or concave base with variety of neck finishes in various capacities. Injection vials are obtained in either neutral or soda glass & occasionally in treated soda glass. Rubber closure with aluminium overcap used for multidose container Disposable syringes : 28 Disposable syringes Use of glass tube with an end cap seal & movable plunger is early used for unit dose injectable in dental trade. The next stage was to combine cartridge tube and syringe thus creating glass disposable syringe. These are also available with two compartments which allow unstable parts of the pharmaceutical formulation to be kept separate and mix immediately prior to use. Aerosols : 29 Aerosols Use of glass offers mixed comments on risk involved. Glass offers greater flexibility in design than metal cans. Breakage risk can be avoided by adequate bottle strength plus an external coating of PVC Glass bottles cost more than metal cans but offer good appearance. The valves are set in an aluminum overseal. Glass Defects : 30 Glass Defects Due to thermal shock or impact stress Can be grouped as: Critical- hazardous to the user Major- reduced usability of the container or its contents Minor- usability of container not affected Can be classified as: Checks Seams Non-glass inclusions Dirt, dope, adhering particles or oil marks Freaks and malformations Marks Slide 31: 31 Performance test applied to glass container : 32 Performance test applied to glass container Thermal shock test Internal bursting pressure test Annealing test Vertical load test Leakage test Autoclaving Limit test for alkalinity or chemical resistance Lesiglations : 33 Lesiglations The Food D&C act places a requirment on the manufacturer to submit data on packaging materials & components to FDA prior to marketing. The same applies for pharmaceuticals under EU legislations. Submission must include data on all packaging material constituents & adequate toxicological studies. In UK legislations are similar to USA involving various acts etc. Food Labeling Act Trade Description Act Weights & Measures Act The Poison Prevention Packaging Act Future Potential : 34 Future Potential Glass is still serves the pharmaceutical & cosmetic industry effective, attractive packs. Besides breakage risk, glass would offer best protection, hygiene, inertness, zero permeation. Under conditions of material shortage, glass is the least likely to be affected and could enjoy further success. Very thin coating (organic & inorganic origins) on the glass to improve colour range and strength, shows greatest promise. THANK YOU : 35 THANK YOU By. Dhaval You do not have the permission to view this presentation. In order to view it, please contact the author of the presentation.
GLASS PACKGING aSGuest83246 Download Post to : URL : Related Presentations : Share Add to Flag Embed Email Send to Blogs and Networks Add to Channel Uploaded from authorPOINT lite Insert YouTube videos in PowerPont slides with aS Desktop Copy embed code: (To copy code, click on the text box) Embed: URL: Thumbnail: WordPress Embed Customize Embed The presentation is successfully added In Your Favorites. Views: 496 Category: Education License: All Rights Reserved Like it (1) Dislike it (0) Added: January 24, 2011 This Presentation is Public Favorites: 1 Presentation Description No description available. Comments Posting comment... By: pacchi6 (12 month(s) ago) Hi, The presentation is good one. Can you share the same for training purpose. pacchi6@yahoo.com Saving..... Post Reply Close Saving..... Edit Comment Close Premium member Presentation Transcript Slide 1: 1 PACKAGING MATERIAL By. Dhaval vikani What is Glass? : 2 What is Glass? An amorphous inorganic product of fusion that has been cooled to a rigid condition without crystallizing. Not a crystalline solid, not a liquid. It is a “frozen” liquid. Types of Glass : 3 Types of Glass Type I Neutral (Borosilicate glass) Type II Treated Soda lime glass (surface treatment) Type III Soda lime glass NP Soda glass (Non-parenteral use) Type IV General Chemical Composition : 4 General Chemical Composition Advantages : 5 Advantages Impermeable to gases, odors, moisture and microorganisms Clarity, Transparency Because of high M.P. & heat resistance it can be sterilized by dry or moist heat Most inert to all packaging materials It can be fabricated to produce variety of shapes Due to smooth surface, easy to clean Reusable & Recyclable Ideal for high speed filling lines Disadvantages : 6 Disadvantages Heavy Susceptible for mechanical breakage Unable to withstand sudden changes in temperature Leaching of Alkali Potential Hazards from glass splinters or fragments in food. Glass Manufacturing : 7 Glass Manufacturing Manufacturing Steps : 8 Manufacturing Steps Batching Melting Forming Annealing Sorting & Inspection Packaging Batching : 9 Batching It is just like Baking a cake i.e. all ingredients go in and they get mixed together. This is the same for glass container mfg. as all the ingredients mixed together, and put into shuttle device to bring the raw material to the Furness. Melting : 10 Melting Melting of the ingredients occurs in the furnace, which turns the contents into molten glass. This is the cooking process.. Melting temperature 1550-1600°C Forming : 11 Forming Two common processes are used Blow & Blow process: In this parison is formed by compressed air. The parison is then transferred into the mold to form specific shape of the container. Press & Blow process: In this method parison I shaped by pressing the glass against the blank mold with a metal plunger. The parison is then transferred into the mold to form specific shape of the container. Forming : 12 Forming Other processes Pressed Glassware: It involve first step of above process & the final shape is achieved by one pressing of glass which is entrapped & shaped between mould walls & plunger. Tubular Glassware: A tube of glass is first produced & subsequently cut & shaped (after reheating) by separate process. Blow and Blow process : 13 Blow and Blow process Press & Blow Process : 14 Press & Blow Process Narrow Neck Press & Blow (NNPB) : 15 Narrow Neck Press & Blow (NNPB) Relatively recent process Similar to press & blow process More accurately control uniformity of glass distribution Weight is reduced upto 25% Annealing Process : 16 Annealing Process Slow cooling of the glass in order to strengthen the container. Produces a more stable product. Annealing lehr (oven) 540oC Holding for 15 minutes Cooling Almost the softening point of glass Annealing Process : 17 Annealing Process Heating to annealing point & then lowering the temp. gradually for releasing the residual strain in the glass Controlled heating & cooling process designed to relieve internal stress introduced in container during & immediately after glass container formation. Annealing Point: The sp. Temp. in which internal stresses build up during glass container formation. Sorting & Inspection : 18 Sorting & Inspection Sorting is carried out either manual or automatic. To carryout automatic sorting operations the containers are put onto a single line conveyer for electronic & mechanical checking i.e. body dimensions, bore, visual damage etc. Manual testing is also performed at lab. The sorting area is usually screened from dirtier mfg. process & is under positive pressure. Packaging : 19 Packaging Last part of the production process. Glass containers are supplied for many years in open returnable wooden crates, but currently used material: Fiber board outers Shrink wraps This is easy for Handling & Transportation. Design : 20 Design The design involves two basic considerations Aesthetic appeal: Consumer convenience. Functional efficiency: on Production line, closuring, packing, warehousing & finally stability at point of sale. Design which lead to point to point contact is susceptible to damage so it should be avoided. Design provides a uniform wall section & avoid thick & thin areas. Design (cont..) : 21 Design (cont..) Large flat surfaces should be avoided as these tend to sink during the cooling & may give labeling & capacity problems. Height of the embossing should be kept minimum (0.4 – 0.75mm) A bottle must be designed to be removed from or clear the mould. The use of CAD/CAM & computer technology is widely applied to improve the design Stippling of the base is useful in improving base grip, masking mould scars & improving strength of the container. Decoration : 22 Decoration Certain decorative process other than labeling may be used. Ceramic Printing Thermo-Cal system Organic coating and inks Inorganic metallic oxide coating Colours imparted to Glass Special Pharmaceutical Containers : 23 Special Pharmaceutical Containers Glass containers broadly divided into Narrow necked (including sprinkler) Wide necked Most specialized container names. Carboys: exist in balloon shape or cylindrical or straight side form. Cylindrical rounds, Boston rounds: Convential cylindrical bottle with near flat shoulders Winchesters: widely used in UK & covers range from 0.5fl.oz upwards. Types of containers : 24 Types of containers Tubular glass containers Ampoules Vials Disposable syringes Aerosols Tubular glass containers : 25 Tubular glass containers Limited use of these containers prior to 1917, but after introduction of continuously drawing glass tube leads to greater use. Advantages: Lower weight, Thinner & more even wall control Hermitically sealed Ampoules : 26 Ampoules The current use of ampoule is vary static. It was one of the first unit dose container. Some std. are exist for ampoule shapes & sizes with variations on the neck & method of opening (scoring & ceramic point) These are sterilized by dry heat or steam after filling. Vials : 27 Vials These were popular in 1920s & 1930s when first used. These are parallel side containers with a flat or concave base with variety of neck finishes in various capacities. Injection vials are obtained in either neutral or soda glass & occasionally in treated soda glass. Rubber closure with aluminium overcap used for multidose container Disposable syringes : 28 Disposable syringes Use of glass tube with an end cap seal & movable plunger is early used for unit dose injectable in dental trade. The next stage was to combine cartridge tube and syringe thus creating glass disposable syringe. These are also available with two compartments which allow unstable parts of the pharmaceutical formulation to be kept separate and mix immediately prior to use. Aerosols : 29 Aerosols Use of glass offers mixed comments on risk involved. Glass offers greater flexibility in design than metal cans. Breakage risk can be avoided by adequate bottle strength plus an external coating of PVC Glass bottles cost more than metal cans but offer good appearance. The valves are set in an aluminum overseal. Glass Defects : 30 Glass Defects Due to thermal shock or impact stress Can be grouped as: Critical- hazardous to the user Major- reduced usability of the container or its contents Minor- usability of container not affected Can be classified as: Checks Seams Non-glass inclusions Dirt, dope, adhering particles or oil marks Freaks and malformations Marks Slide 31: 31 Performance test applied to glass container : 32 Performance test applied to glass container Thermal shock test Internal bursting pressure test Annealing test Vertical load test Leakage test Autoclaving Limit test for alkalinity or chemical resistance Lesiglations : 33 Lesiglations The Food D&C act places a requirment on the manufacturer to submit data on packaging materials & components to FDA prior to marketing. The same applies for pharmaceuticals under EU legislations. Submission must include data on all packaging material constituents & adequate toxicological studies. In UK legislations are similar to USA involving various acts etc. Food Labeling Act Trade Description Act Weights & Measures Act The Poison Prevention Packaging Act Future Potential : 34 Future Potential Glass is still serves the pharmaceutical & cosmetic industry effective, attractive packs. Besides breakage risk, glass would offer best protection, hygiene, inertness, zero permeation. Under conditions of material shortage, glass is the least likely to be affected and could enjoy further success. Very thin coating (organic & inorganic origins) on the glass to improve colour range and strength, shows greatest promise. THANK YOU : 35 THANK YOU By. Dhaval