science presentation

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SCIENCE PROJECT AUTUMN BREAK 2010-2011 MADE BY SHUBHAM GUPTA DHRUV VASHIST VARUN RAWAT AND SHREEJEET MISHRA

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CHEMICAL EFFECTS OF CURRENT

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CONTENTS SNO TOPIC SLIDES 01. COVER SLIDES 01-02 02. CONTENTS 03 03. WHAT IS ELECTRIC CURRENT ? 04 04. CONDUCTORS AND INSULATORS 05 05. ELECTRICAL CONDUCTIVITY O6 06. ELECTRICAL CONDUCTIVITY OF WATER 07 07. ELECTRICTY CONDUCTY OF OTHER LIQUIDS 08 08. EFFECT OF IMPURITIES ON ELECTRICAL CONDUCTIVITY OF WATER 09 09. ELECTROLYSIS 10 10. USES OF ELECTROLYSIS 11 11. ACTIVITIES ON THIS TOPIC,REFERENCE SITES 12 12. BIBLIOGRAPHY 13 13. PEOPLE WHO HELPED US TO KNOW MORE,TERMS TO REMEMBER 14

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WHAT IS ELECTRIC CURRENT? ALL MATTER ON THE EARTH IS MADE UP OF SMALL PARTICLES KNOWN AS ATOMS . ALL ATOMS CONTAIN POSITIVE AND NEGATIVE CHARGED PARTICLES. FLOW OF THESE CHARGED PARTICLES INSIDE EVERY SUBSTANCE IS KNOWN AS ELECTRIC CURRENT. ACCORDING TO THE MOVEMENT OF THESE CHARGED PARTICLES SUBSTANCES CAN BE BROADLY BE CLASSIFIED INTO TWO CATEGORIES- CONDUCTORS AND INSULATORS.

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CONDUCTORS AND INSULATORS 1.CONDUCTORS-MATERIAL IN WHICH CHARGED PARTICLES CAN MOVE FREELY. EG METALS SUCH AS COPPER,GOLD ETC. GRAPHITE. 2.INSULATORS-MATERIAL IN WHICH CHARGED PARTICLES CAN NOT MOVE FREELY. EG WOOD,RUBBER,PLASTIC,ETC.

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ELECTRICAL CONDUCTIVITY ELECTRICAL CONDUCTIVITY IS A MEASURE OF THE ABILITY OF A SUBSTANCE TO ALLOW THE FLOW OF ELECTRIC CURRENT. CONDUCTORS HAVE HIGHER ELECTRICAL CONDUCTIVITY COMPARED TO INSULATORS. SOME FLUIDS ARE ALSO CONDUCTORS AND POSESS ELECTRICAL CONDUCTIVITY. EG VINEGAR ,LIME JUICE ,IMPURE WATER,ETC.

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ELECTRICAL CONDUCTIVITY OF WATER WATER THAT COMES IN OUR TAPS,POND WATER CONTAIN LOT OF IMPURITIESWHICH ARE USUALLY DISSOLVED SALTS. PRESENCE OF EVEN A SMALL AMOUNT OF IMPURITY MAKES THE WATER A CONDUCTOR. PURE WATER IS AN INSULATOR OF ELECTRICITY

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Electrical conductivity In other liquids MOST ACIDS AND BASES DISSOLVED IN WATER ARE GOOD CONDUCTORS OF ELECTRICITY.TO TEST THE ELECTRICAL CONDUCTIVITY WE CAN EVEN PERFOM TESTS AND ACTIVITIES. SOME EXAMPLES OF SUCH LIQUIDS ARE LEMON JUICE,VINEGAR,ETC.

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EFFECT OF IMPURITIES ON ELECTRICAL CONDUCTIVITY OF WATER IN WATER WHEN SALT IS DISSOLVED IT FORMS IONS WHICH ARE ATOMS OR A GROUP OF ATOMS WITH A POSITIVE OR A NEGATIVE CHARGE WHICH MAKE THE FLOW OF ELECTRIC CURRENT IN WATER POSSIBLE.

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ELECTROLYSIS THE PRODUCTION OF A CHEMICAL REACTION BY PASSING AN ELECTRICAL CURRENT THROUGH AN ELECTROLYTE IS CALLED ELECTROLYSIS. WE KNOW THAT ELECTROLYTE CONTAINS IONS. THE POSITIVELY CHARGED IONS ARE CALLED CATIONS BECAUSE THEY ARE ATTRACTED TO CATHODE ,AND NEGATIVELY CHARGED IONS ARE CALLED ANIONS AS THEY GET ATTRACTED TO ANODE.

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USES OF ELECTROLYSIS IT IS USED IN INDUSTRY FOR PRODUCTION OF MANY METALS AND NON-METALS. IT IS USED TO COAT ONE METAL WITH ANOTHER WHICH IS ALSO KNOWN AS ELECTROPLATING. IT IS USED IN REFINING OF IMPURE METALS ALSO KNOWN AS ELECTROREFINING.

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ACTIVITIES AND REFERENCE SITES ACTIVITIES 1.TO TEST THE ELECTRICAL CONDUCTIVITY OF LIQUIDS. 2.PRODUCTION OF GASSES WHEN ELECTRIC CURRENT IS PASSED THROUGH COMMON SALT SOLUTION 3. TO OBSERVE ELECTROPLATINGOF COPPER ON STAINLESS STEEL. REFERENCE SITES 1.HTTP://WWW.ABSORBLEARNING.COM 2.HTTP://WWW.CHEM.IASTATE.EDU 3.HTTP://WWW.EPA.GOV

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PEOPLE WHO HELPED US AND TERMS TO REMEMBER CORNISH CHEMIST AND PHYSICIST SIR HUMPHRY DAVY IS WELL KNOWN FOR HIS CON TRIBUTION OF ELECTROCHEMISTRY.IT IS SAID THAT HE FOUND THE ELEMENTS MAGNESIUM,CALCIUM,STRONTIUM,AND BARIUM BY ELECTROLYSIS. TERMS TO REMEMBER 1.ELECTRIC CURRENT 2. ELECTROLYSIS 3.ELECTRICAL CONDUCTIVITY 4. CONDUCTORS 5. INSULATORS 6. CATIONS 7. ANIONS

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BIBLIOGRAPHY FIRSTLY WE WOULD LIKE TO THANK MY SCIENCE TEACHER MRS. GURPREET KAUR AHLUWALIA FOR SUGGESTING US TO MAKE OUR PRESENTATION ON THE TOPIC CHEMICAL EFFECTS OF CURRENT. WE WOULD ALSO LIKE TO THANK OUR SCIENCE TEXT BOOK SCIENCE IN EVERYDAY LIFE FOR PROVIDING US WITH ALL THE INFORMATION USED IN THE PRESENTATION. WE WOULD THANK GOOGLE ALSO FOR PROVIDING US WITH THE PICTURES USED IN THE PRESENTATION.