A Seminar on Tablet Manufacturing and its Different

A Seminar on Tablet Manufacturing and its Different Aspects : 

A Seminar on Tablet Manufacturing and its Different Aspects Force distribution and measurement of forces. Process of compression. Strength of tablet and factors affecting. Influencing factors in flow of powder.

Tablet : 

Tablet A tablet is a pharmaceutical dosage form. It comprises a mixture of active substances and excipients, usually in powder form, pressed or compacted from a powder into a solid dose.

Tablet: Advantages and Disadvantages : 

Tablet: Advantages and Disadvantages Advantages simple and convenient provide an accurately measured dosage of the active ingredient sustained release or fast dissolving formulations Disadvantages drugs may be deactivated by the liver Low bioavailability Slow rapid onset

Strength of Tablets : 

Strength of Tablets Provides a measure of the bonding potential of the material. This information is useful in the selection of excipients. Strong Bonding Decrease Disintegration and Dissolution Delayed Absorption Weak Bonding Excipients LIMITS THE SELECTION

Mechanical properties of tablets : 

Mechanical properties of tablets Friability, Hardness or crushing strength, Crushing strength-friability values, Tensile strength Brittle fracture Index.

Friability : 

Friability Friction and shock are the forces that most often cause tablets to chip, cap or break. Closely related to tablet hardness Evaluate the ability of the tablet to withstand abrasion in packaging, handling and shipping Usually measured by the use of the Roche friabilator

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Tablets are weighed and placed in apparatus Exposed to rolling Repeated Shocks, Falls from 6 inches After 4mins or 100 revolutions Comparison of Initial weight and Final weight If not more than 1% If more than 1% TEST PASSED NOT PASSED Fraibility Test

Friability Testing Equipment : 

Friability Testing Equipment One side drum Two side drums Roche friabilator

Hardness or Crushing strength : 

Hardness or Crushing strength Resistance to abrasion or breakage under conditions of storage, transportation and handling before usage depends upon hardness of tablets Monsanto or Stokes hardness tester Strong-Cobb Pfizer and Schleuniger apparatus

Monsanto or Stokes hardness tester : 

Monsanto or Stokes hardness tester Measures the force required to break the tablet when the force generated by a coil spring is applied diametrically to the tablet

Strong-Cobb Pfizer and Schleuniger apparatus : 

Strong-Cobb Pfizer and Schleuniger apparatus Measures the diametrically applied force required to break the tablet.

Hardness or Crushing Strength : 

Hardness or Crushing Strength Measured in kilograms Oral tablets: 4 to 10kg Hypodermic and chewable tablets: 3kg Sustained release tablets: 10 -20 kg Tablet hardness have been associated with other tablet properties such as Density Porosity

Crushing strength-friability ratio (CSFR) : 

Crushing strength-friability ratio (CSFR) CS: Measure the strength of tablets F is a measure of tablet weakness. Higher the CSFR values, the stronger the tablet.

Tensile strength : 

Tensile strength The radial tensile strength, T, of the tablets can be calculated from the equation: T = 2 F / π d H load needed to break the tablet d and H are the diameter and thickness

Axial Tensile Strength : 

Axial Tensile Strength Axial tensile strength can be calculated from the following relationship Determined by: static methods dynamic methods Tensile strength can be used in combination Tx = 4 F / π d2

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Static Indentation Method

Dynamic indentation tests : 

Dynamic indentation tests Pendulum is allowed to strike from a known distance An indenter is allowed to fall under gravity The rebound height of the pendulum Hardness is then determined The volume of the resulting indentation apparatus consisting of a steel sphere pendulum acting as an indenter

Brittle fracture index (BFI) : 

Brittle fracture index (BFI) The brittle fracture index (BFI) of the tablets was calculated using the following equation BFI = (T / To) – 1 the tensile strength of the tablet without a hole To, to the tensile strength of a tablet with a hole

Brittle Fracture Index (BFI) : 

Brittle Fracture Index (BFI) Theoretical value of BFI range is 0 – 1 when the stress concentration factor is 3. A high value of BFI is an indication of the tendency of the tablet to laminate during the compaction process. A low BFI value is desirable for minimal lamination and capping during production

References : 

References Leon Lachman , Herbert A.Lieberman, “ The Theory and practice of Industrial Pharmacy” Third edition. Page no:-293-331 Leon Lachman, Herbert A.Lieberman, “ Solid Dosage Form: Tablets, volume 1st page no:-201-235 www.pharmainfo.net/tablet...strength-tablets/hardness-or-crushing-strength - United States http://072010.pdfttp://www.natoli.com/mm/files/TT.

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THANK YOU ?