sabbatical

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Technical Seminar: ELECTROSPINNING Lisa Tarman William Penn Senior High Sabbatical – Spring’10

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SemiTechnical Seminar: ELECTROSPINNING Lisa Tarman William Penn Senior High Sabbatical – Spring’10

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Why is a teacher at Tyco Electronics? What was the Research Plan? What is a Dielectric Constant & why do we want a low one? What is Electrocoating? What was learned in the Literature Search? What is Electrospinning? What is the Revised Research Plan? What were the Lesson Learned during Electrospinning? How do you see Nanofibers? What were the Results?

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To do real science – Physics Major in college 20+ years ago 2 masters degrees in Education To prevent burn out - 15th year in urban school 10 hr/day at school + 1-3 hour at night & Sunday Summer ’08 – 2 wks scoring AP Exams + 6 wks at Cornell Summer ’09 – 2 wks scoring AP Exams + 6 wks at Princeton

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Half-Year Sabbaticals for Science Teachers With support from the Boeing Corporation, Penn State is awarding half-year sabbatical fellowships for urban science teachers to work with scientists and engineers on cutting-edge science and engineering. • Meet other teachers and science professionals and plug into science outreach projects and resources. • Learn new content and scientific skills by working with a research team in fields like astronomy, oceanography, or nanotechnology. • Depending on their project, you can be based at University Park or a number of other campuses and research sites.

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Why is a teacher at Tyco Electronics? What was the Research Plan? What is a Dielectric Constant & why do we want a low one? What is Electrocoating? What was learned in the Literature Search? What is Electrospinning? What is the Revised Research Plan? What were the Lesson Learned during Electrospinning? How do you see Nanofibers? What were the Results?

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The original plan...... To electrocoat a copper substrate to make an ultra low dielectric constant

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Why is a teacher at Tyco Electronics? What was the Research Plan? What is a Dielectric Constant & why do we want a low one? What is Electrocoating? What was learned in the Literature Search? What is Electrospinning? What is the Revised Research Plan? What were the Lesson Learned during Electrospinning? How do you see Nanofibers? What were the Results?

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Dielectric constant - the ratio of the amount of stored electrical energy when a voltage is applied, relative to the permittivity of a vacuum. Variable: r

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Why is a teacher at Tyco Electronics? What was the Research Plan? What is a Dielectric Constant & why do we want a low one? What is Electrocoating? What was learned in the Literature Search? What is Electrospinning? What is the Revised Research Plan? What were the Lesson Learned during Electrospinning? How do you see Nanofibers? What were the Results?

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Electro deposition is a method of using electrical current to deposit on a metal surface Electrocoating is a form of Electro Deposition (+) (-) Bath of charged particles of “paint” Even coat No waste Control thickness Mass production

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Practicing ecoat...... Acrylic Flow modifier Blue dye Deionized water Clean the copper coupon Electrocoat Air Dry Bake 30 min @ 160

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Varied: Voltage Coating Time Measured: Thickness

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Why is a teacher at Tyco Electronics? What was the Research Plan? What is a Dielectric Constant & why do we want a low one? What is Electrocoating? What was learned in the Literature Search? What is Electrospinning? What is the Revised Research Plan? What were the Lesson Learned during Electrospinning? How do you see Nanofibers? What were the Results?

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Why is a teacher at Tyco Electronics? What was the Research Plan? What is a Dielectric Constant & why do we want a low one? What is Electrocoating? What was learned in the Literature Search? What is Electrospinning? What is the Revised Research Plan? What were the Lesson Learned during Electrospinning? How do you see Nanofibers? What were the Results?

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DC Voltage Source Potential Different between solution and collector Reach balance between Surface tension & Electrical force Taylor cone forms Thin stream of solution erupts from surface Dries in midair to form a tiny fiber Fibers accumulate to create a mat Electro deposition is a method of using electrical current to deposit on a metal surface

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Why is a teacher at Tyco Electronics? What was the Research Plan? What is a Dielectric Constant & why do we want a low one? What is Electrocoating? What was learned in the Literature Search? What is Electrospinning? What is the Revised Research Plan? What were the Lesson Learned during Electrospinning? How do you see Nanofibers? What were the Results?

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Voltage Source + Able to manipulate: Solution chemistry Solution concentration Voltage Pump Rate Needle size Distance

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Polyethylene Oxide (PEO) Dissolved in Deionized Water Polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) Dissolved in Acetone CONSTANT Distance to collector Flow Rate of Pump VARIABLES Voltages – 8, 10, 12 kV Time Concentration 10, 15, 20, 25%

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Polyethylene Oxide (PEO) 300,000 mol wt Dissolved in De-ionized Water Three concentrations: 5%, 7%, and 10%

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Why is a teacher at Tyco Electronics? What was the Research Plan? What is a Dielectric Constant & why do we want a low one? What is Electrocoating? What was learned in the Literature Search? What is Electrospinning? What is the Revised Research Plan? What were the Lesson Learned during Electrospinning? How do you see Nanofibers? What were the Results?

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PEO – mol wt 1,000,000

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PMMA

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Why is a teacher at Tyco Electronics? What was the Research Plan? What is a Dielectric Constant & why do we want a low one? What is Electrocoating? What was learned in the Literature Search? What is Electrospinning? What is the Revised Research Plan? What were the Lesson Learned during Electrospinning? How do you see Nanofibers? What were the Results?

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Perfect lenses & lighting can not distinguish features smaller than ½ wavelength Visible light  ≈ 500 nm Optical microscopes can not see objects or spaces smaller than 250 nm We need something with a smaller wavelength Electrons  ≈ .012 nm at 10 kV Scanning Electron Microscope

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Vacuum Electron gun Magetic Lens focus into thin coherent beam Electrons & x-rays are emitted by the sample Topography & composition can be determined by the emissions Sample must be conductive

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Sputter Coating -Physical Vapor Deposition (PVD) Eject material from “target” – Au Material deposits on “substrate” – mat This Layer of gold - Not enough to effect morphology

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10% Polyethylene Oxide in Deionized Water 805x 14.0 kV 180 minutes 10 m

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10% Polyethylene Oxide in Deionized Water 805x 14.0 kV 180 minutes 10 m

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10% Polyethylene Oxide in Deionized Water 805x 14.0 kV 180 minutes

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On Al foil Peeled off Al foil

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6% Polyethylene Oxide 10.5 hours

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Thick mat Wispy edge

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PMMA 7.5% 12 kV 4 min 3% 14 kV 50 min

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Why is a teacher at Tyco Electronics? What was the Research Plan? What is a Dielectric Constant & why do we want a low one? What is Electrocoating? What was learned in the Literature Search? What is Electrospinning? What is the Revised Research Plan? What were the Lesson Learned during Electrospinning? How do you see Nanofibers? What were the Results?

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Sample # 24 6% PEO 10 kV 10 ½ Hr 13 cm Sample # 35 8% PMMA 16 kV 6 Hr 28 cm Sample # 33 6% PMMA 13 kV 6 ¼ Hr 29 cm

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Sample #33 too crumby

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Fiber mat of known area Leads made of conducting tape

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LCR meter - measured capacitance in pF

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In my physics class we use: Sample # 24 = 3.2 pF Sample # 35 = 5.1 pF 0  A d C = Constant = 8.854x10-12 C2/Nm2 Diameter = 9 mm Area = 6.36x10-5 m Distance between plates Thickness of my fiber mat metallurgical cross-section Sample #24 = .213 mm Sample #35 = .276 mm Dielectric Constant Sample #24 = 1.21 Sample #35 = 2.50 

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Tyco Electronics Penn State Center for Science and the Schools The Boeing Company Bob Hilty & Mary Sullivan Leah Bug & Bill Carlsen