adult-life-span

Slide 1: 

Adult Life Span Lecture Notes for NB2 Gail Oswald, Psy.D.

Slide 2: 

Adult Life Span Adult development Issues faced in adulthood Aging

Slide 3: 

Adult Development Erikson: Psychosocial Development Intimacy vs Isolation Generativity vs. Stagnation Integrity vs. Despair

Slide 4: 

Adult Development Levinson: Season’s of a Man’s Life The “Dream” Deflation of the Dream Change of time perspective

Slide 5: 

Adult Development Vaillant: Adaptation to Life (1977): Study of Healthy Adults Aging Well (2002): How we grow old - happily or in misery - is more under the control of ourselves, rather than our genes and upbringing

Critical Issues Adults Face : 

Critical Issues Adults Face Changing Family Roles Normal Aging Menopause Alzheimer’s Bereavement

Slide 7: 

What is a “traditional” family in the U.S.? ? single parent families ? birth rate for mothers aged 35-44 ? Both parents working full time. High divorce rate

Slide 8: 

TThe percentage of babies born to unmarried British, Canadian and American women (1/3 of whom were teens) has more than quintupled since 1960. Percentage of births to unwed mothers 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 Year

Slide 9: 

50% of marriages in the U.S. end in divorce Negative effects of divorce related to degree of conflict and not necessarily to divorce itself.

Effects of Maternal Employment : 

Effects of Maternal Employment Positive effects for daughters Negative effects for sons

Menopause : 

Menopause increased depressive symptoms for women 45-50 associated with: physical inactivity, inadequate income, use of estrogen/progesterone combination, and presence of climacteric symptoms (trouble sleeping, mood swings, or memory problems). Menopausal status not associated with depressive symptoms.

Aging : 

Aging Sociolgical Issues: current change in demographics Physiological and cognitive changes associated with aging

Slide 14: 

Adulthood- Cognitive Changes Cross-Sectional method suggests decline Longitudinal method suggests more stability 25 32 39 46 53 60 74 67 81 35 40 45 50 55 60 Age in years Reasoning ability score Cross-sectional method Longitudinal method

Slide 15: 

Adulthood- Cognitive Changes Verbal intelligence scores hold steady with age, while nonverbal intelligence scores decline (adapted from Kaufman & others, 1989). 20 35 55 70 25 45 65 75 80 85 90 95 100 105 Intelligence (IQ) score Age group

Slide 16: 

Adulthood- Social Changes Multinational surveys show that age differences in life satisfaction are trivial (Inglehart, 1990). 0 20 40 60 80 15 25 35 45 55 65+ Percentage “satisfied” with life as a whole Age group

Slide 20: 

Number of caregivers is growing Many over 60 have living parents Women provide most of the care Average woman spends more years caring for elderly than children Caring for grandchildren is increasing Caregiving

How will changing demographics impact your work as a physician? : 

How will changing demographics impact your work as a physician? Increase in single parent families Increase in number of women who are caretakers for both young children and aging parents. Five times more people in the over 65 age group.

Slide 23: 

Adulthood- Social Changes Kubler-Ross (1969) proposed that the terminally ill pass through a sequence of five stages denial of the terminal condition anger and resentment (Why me?) bargaining (with God or physicians) for more time depression stemming from impending loss acceptance of one’s fate

Slide 24: 

Bereavement Normal grief may involve a number of physical symptoms. Insomnia Appetite changes Weight loss Psychomotor retardation

Which of the following changes can be viewed as a normal part of aging? : 

Which of the following changes can be viewed as a normal part of aging? Decreased cognitive capacity Increased depression Increased fears of illness Increased agitation Decreased performance speed

Slide 26: 

Studies have shown that college students with poor psychological adjustment are most likely to: 1) Develop more physical problems as middle-aged adults.2) Outgrow the psychological problems.3) Have improved sibling relationships during their college years.4) Value psychological health and promote health when they marry.5) Develop good work habits to compensate for feelings of inferiority.