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IS 483Information Systems Management :

IS 483Information Systems Management James Nowotarski 24 April 2003

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Recap Assignment 1 Finish distributed architectures/infrastructures Understand fundamentals of network management Review logistics for Assignments 2, 3 Today’s Objectives

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Topic Duration Recap Assignment 1 & Quiz 10 minutes Recap distributed architectures 10 minutes Network management basics 45 minutes *** Break 10 minutes Guest speaker: IT planning/arch 45 minutes *** Break 5 minutes Service level agreements 30 minutes Quiz 15 minutes Assignments 2,3 15 minutes Today’s agenda

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IT Architecture and IT Infrastructure Applications and Data Reusable Technical Architecture Hardware/Network System Software IT Architecture IT Infrastructure Presentation logic Application logic Data management

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IT Architecture vs. IT Infrastructure IT Architecture IT Infrastructure Level of Abstraction Scope Tech architecture System software Hardware/Network IT Architecture IT roles, organization IT processes Blueprint Policies, rules Implemented capabilities

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Benefits of Architecture Productivity Consistency Quality Rapid delivery Maintainability Interoperability Reduces complexity Leverages scarce skills

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Where Does Internet Fit? Data Management Application Logic Presentation Presentation Presentation Data Management Application Logic Data Management Application Logic Data Management Data Management Application Logic Presentation Application Logic Presentation Data Management Application Logic Presentation Network Distributed Presentation Remote Presentation Distributed Function Remote Data Management Distributed Database

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3-Tier Distributed Architecture Presentation Application logic Data management

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n-Tier Example Bank Customers Internet Internet Firewall Web Server Application Firewall App Server DB Server Legacy Mainframe

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Comparison of n-tier relative to 3-tier Advantages Better load balancing on different servers More scalable Disadvantages Potentially greater load on network More complex to implement More hardware and network components ($$$)

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Solution “Stack” Applications and Data Reusable Technical Architecture Hardware/Network System Software Examples Dell, HP, Sun, EMC, Cisco AT&T, Sprint, WorldCom Public Internet Middleware WebSphere, CICS TS Apache J2EE DB2, Oracle, SQL Server Linux, Unix, Windows, z/OS Claims, Payroll, CRM, ERP Component-Based Architecture for Microsoft (Accenture)

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Middleware Types of Middleware Network middleware Procedure calls over a network Example: Remote Procedure Calls (RPCs), ORBs Conversational middleware Transparent conversion of text, graphics, data Example: Electronic Data Interchange (EDI) Transaction Processing Transaction management services to support processing of high volumes of transactions Example: CICS TS

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Middleware Types of Middleware (cont.) SQL and Database Middleware Applications can connect to several different databases using one programming interface Example: Open Database Connectivity (ODBC) GUI Middleware Applications can support multiple GUIs across a network Example: X Windows Messaging Middleware Distributing data and control through synchronous or asynchronous messages Example: IBM MQSeries

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IT Management Issues Associated with Distributed Architectures Migrating from legacy (mainframe) to distributed architecture: Three major business issues Cost Resources Risk Five typical alternatives Replatforming Screen scraping Replace with package Build from scratch #4 plus business process reengineering Support and maintenance issues Training and standards Robust, fault tolerant components (lack thereof) Service level monitoring and troubleshooting

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Network Management Definition The set of activities required to plan, install, monitor and maintain all network components in order to achieve specified service levels reliably, at an acceptable and agreed cost

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Importance of business focus in network solutions Network is critical to lifeline of the business, must meet business needs A complete solution involves managing the network and all its components, which includes the business processes and user’s needs Administrators will need to proactively manage the network instead of reacting to user’s complaints

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Importance of business focus in network solutions What business requirements are driving business network needs today?

Network management architecture :

Network management architecture Source: Cisco

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Elements of Network Management Architecture End stations (managed devices) send alerts when problem is recognized examples: routers, access servers, switches, bridges, hubs, computer hosts, printers Management entities gather information from managed devices (via agents) log and react to network events present status info and alerts to network operator perform tests Agents software modules that reside within managed devices and gather and store information

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Elements of Network Management Architecture (cont.) Network management protocol protocol used by agent and management entity to exchange information Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) is near universal standard for private networks Telecommunications Management Network (TMN) is gaining popularity in the more heterogeneous world of public networks Proxies represent network managed devices Management database repository of information collected by agent (alarms outstanding, performance data, etc.) complex and high-volume information (oo databases being used)

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Network Management Functions Fault management Configuration management Accounting management Performance management Security management Source: International Standards Organization (ISO)

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Network Management Functions Fault Management Detection Isolation Diagnosis Correction

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Network Management Functions Configuration Management Analyzing impact of changes Installing changes Controlling changes

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Network Management Functions Accounting Management Track network usage (no abuse of privileges) Monitor operating costs

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Network Management Functions Performance management Establish performance goals Collect and analyze performance data Assess actual performance relative to goals Identify areas for improvement (capacity, network design, etc.)

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Network Management Functions Security Management Control access to network Report, diagnose, and correct security breaches

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Annual cost of owning and operating a network 16% - cost of network equipment 84% - ongoing operating expenses, most of this is the support organization Network Management Costs

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Service Level Agreements Definition Contract that details the level of service required from a service provider to the user of those services 2 Types of SLA’s Internal External

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Management of Systems Environments Users Service Management SLA Vendors Developers Systems Management Network Mgmt Server Mgmt etc. Internal SLA

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Service Level Agreements Service Service Type of SLA Provider User Internal IT network End user group group (i.e., business unit) External Vendor End user group -- IT network group coordinates

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Service Level Agreements Clearly articulate and document the level of service that users of the computing environment expect to receive Should be used to drive out the requirements for the service provider organization Clarifies the business objectives and constraints for an application system Require an accurate way of measuring the service levels achieved

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Service Level Agreements Table of Contents Dates (start, expiration) Types of services provided Service measures Roles/Responsibilities (provider, consumer) Resources needed and/or costs charged Reporting mechanism Signatures

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Service Level Agreements Disciplines Performance Management Configuration Management Availability Reliability Response time Application versions & enhancements Accounting Management Reporting procedure Fault Management Incident management, e.g., database failure workstation failure Security Management Recovery Management Backup Recovery Capacity Planning Online Systems Batch Systems Output handling Schedule execution Service Types

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Service Level Agreements How many are needed? Do they contain primarily business or technical language? How are they used? What are consequences if SLA not met? To the service provider To the service user (i.e., the business) In an internet environment, what are challenges experienced in the creation of effective SLAs?

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Operations Management See web site for reading Quiz on Operations Management End user training (start) Topics for May 1

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End of slides