Blood Born Pathogens

Tilden Fire Dept. : 

Tilden Fire Dept. Bloodborne Pathogen Training

10-4 Rampart : 

10-4 Rampart

WHY ARE WE HERE? : 

WHY ARE WE HERE? OSHA BB Pathogen standard anyone whose job requires exposure to BB pathogens is required to complete training employees who are trained in CPR and first aid The more you know, the better you will perform in real situations!

What is a BB Pathogen? : 

What is a BB Pathogen? Microorganisms that are carried in the blood that can cause disease in humans

Common BB Pathogen Diseases : 

Common BB Pathogen Diseases Malaria Brucellosis Syphilis Hepatitis B(HBV) Hepatitis C(HCV) Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)

Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) : 

HIV is the virus that leads to AIDS HIV depletes the immune system HIV does not survive well outside the body No threat on contracting HIV through casual contact Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)

Surveillance of Healthcare Personnel with HIV/AIDS, as of December 2002 : 

Surveillance of Healthcare Personnel with HIV/AIDS, as of December 2002 Of the adults reported with AIDS in the United States through December 31, 2002, 24,844 had a history of employment in healthcare . These cases represented 5.1% of the 486,826 AIDS cases reported to CDC for whom occupational information was known.

Adults reported with AIDS and a history of employment in healthcare, where job is known, by occupation, as of December 2002. : 

Adults reported with AIDS and a history of employment in healthcare, where job is known, by occupation, as of December 2002. Dental workers 492 Paramedics 476 Surgeons 122 Other 5,050 Total 23,212 Nurses 5,378 Health aides 5,638 Technicians 3,182 Physicians 1,792 Therapists 1,082 Of the 476 Paramedics infected, 328 have died.

Hepatitis B (HBV) : 

Hepatitis B (HBV) 1—1.25 million Americans are chronically infected Symptoms include: jaundice, fatigue, abdominal pain, loss of appetite, intermittent nausea , vomiting May lead to chronic liver disease, liver cancer, and death Vaccination available since 1982 HBV can survive for at least one week in dried blood Symptoms can occur 1-9 months after exposure

Trends & Statistics : 

Trends & Statistics Number of new infections per year has declined from an average of 260,000 in the 1980s to about 60,000 in 2004. Highest rate of disease occurs in 20-49-year-olds. Greatest decline has happened among children and adolescents due to routine hepatitis B vaccination.  Estimated 1.25 million chronically infected Americans, of whom 20-30% acquired their infection in childhood.

Hepatitis C (HCV) : 

Hepatitis C (HCV) Hepatitis C is the most common chronic bloodborne infection in the United States Symptoms include: jaundice, fatigue, abdominal pain, loss of appetite, intermittent nausea, vomiting May lead to chronic liver disease and death

Hep C Trends & Statistics : 

Hep C Trends & Statistics Number of new infections per year has declined from an average of 240,000 in the 1980s to about 26,000 in 2004. Most infections are due to illegal injection drug use. Transfusion-associated cases occurred prior to blood donor screening; now occurs in less than one per 2 million transfused units of blood.

More Hep C : 

More Hep C Estimated 4.1 million (1.6%) Americans have been infected with HCV, of whom 3.2 million are chronically infected. The risk for perinatal HCV transmission is about 4% If coinfected with HIV the risk for perinatal infection is about 19%

Potentially Infectious Bodily Fluids : 

Potentially Infectious Bodily Fluids Blood Saliva Vomit Urine Semen or vaginal secretions Skin tissue, cell cultures Any other bodily fluid

Transmission Potential : 

Transmission Potential Contact with another person’s blood or bodily fluid that may contain blood Mucous membranes: eyes, mouth, nose Non-intact skin Contaminated sharps/needles

Your Exposure Potential : 

Your Exposure Potential Industrial accident Administering first aid Post-accident cleanup Handling of returned product Janitorial or maintenance work Handling of any waste products

Universal Precautions : 

Universal Precautions Use of proper PPE Treat all blood and bodily fluids as if they are contaminated Proper cleanup and decontamination Disposal of all contaminated material in the proper manner

Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) : 

Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) Anything that is used to protect a person from exposure Latex or Nitrile gloves, goggles, CPR mouth barriers, aprons, respirators

PPE Rules to Remember : 

PPE Rules to Remember Always check PPE for defects or tears before using If PPE becomes torn or defective remove and get new Remove PPE before leaving a contaminated area Do not reuse disposable equipment

Decontamination : 

Decontamination When cleaning up surfaces use Hepacide Quat® Do an initial wipe up Spray and allow it to stand for ten minutes then wipe up Dispose of all wipes in biohazard containers PPE should be removed and disposed of in biohazard containers

Hand Washing : 

Hand Washing Wash hands immediately after removing PPE Use a soft antibacterial soap A hand sanitizer can be used but wash with soap and water as soon as possible.

Regulated Medical Waste : 

Regulated Medical Waste Liquid or semi-liquid blood or other potentially infectious material(OPIM) Contaminated items that would release blood or OPIM when compressed Contaminated sharps Pathological and microbiological waste containing blood or OPIM

Signs & Labels : 

Signs & Labels Labels must include the universal biohazard symbol, and the term “Biohazard” must be attached to: containers of regulated biohazard waste refrigerators or freezers containing blood or OPIM containers used to store, transport, or ship blood or OPIM

Exposure Incident : 

Exposure Incident A specific incident of contact with potentially infectious bodily fluid If there are no infiltrations of mucous membranes or open skin surfaces, it is not considered an occupational exposure Report all accidents involving blood or bodily fluids Post-exposure medical evaluations are offered

Post-exposure Evaluation : 

Post-exposure Evaluation Confidential medical evaluation Document route of exposure Identify source individual Test source individuals blood (with individuals consent) Provide results to exposed employee

Hepatitis B Vaccination : 

Hepatitis B Vaccination Strongly endorsed by medical communities Offered to all potentially exposed employees Provided at no cost to employees Declination form

Recordkeeping : 

Recordkeeping Medical records include: Hepatitis B vaccination status Post-exposure evaluation and follow-up results Training records include: Training dates Contents of the training Signature of trainer and trainee

In Conclusion : 

In Conclusion BB pathogen rules are in place for your health and safety Failure to follow them is a risk that does not need to be taken

Slide 29: 

Questions?