logging in or signing up PS 280 12 personality disorders aSGuest6820 Download Post to : URL : Related Presentations : Share Add to Flag Embed Email Send to Blogs and Networks Add to Channel Uploaded from authorPOINT lite Insert YouTube videos in PowerPont slides with aS Desktop Copy embed code: (To copy code, click on the text box) Embed: URL: Thumbnail: WordPress Embed Customize Embed The presentation is successfully added In Your Favorites. Views: 323 Category: Others/ Misc License: All Rights Reserved Like it (1) Dislike it (0) Added: December 16, 2008 This Presentation is Public Favorites: 0 Presentation Description No description available. Comments Posting comment... By: rich11548 (15 month(s) ago) Good job! I would like to download this presentation. Saving..... Post Reply Close Saving..... Edit Comment Close Premium member Presentation Transcript Slide 1: PERSONALITY DISORDERS LECTURE OUTLINE DSM Axis II – What is a personality disorder? Clusters of personality disorders – 3 main types Prevalence Historical perspectives Diagnostic issues Etiology – Theoretical perspectives Slide 2: PERSONALITY DISORDERS What is a personality disorder? maladaptive personality traits traits are relatively enduring features of a person that are persistent over time and situations people with personality disorders tend to be: rigid and inflexible, show a restricted range of traits, have a dominant single trait personality disorders are egosyntonic, more than egodystonic Slide 3: PERSONALITY DISORDERS Clusters of disorders Odd and eccentric – paranoid, schizoid, schizotypal Dramatic, emotional, or erratic – antisocial, borderline, histrionic, narcissistic Anxious and fearful – dependent, obsessive-compulsive Slide 4: PERSONALITY DISORDERS Prevalence 6-9% of population have one or more personality disorder prevalence higher among people with other mental disorders most people with personality disorders never come to the attention of mental health professionals Slide 5: PERSONALITY DISORDERS Historical perspective Roots in psychoanalysis – narcissism, masochism, etc. Karl Abraham – first theorist to focus on personality disorders Slide 6: PERSONALITY DISORDERS Diagnostic issues poor understanding of etiology of most personality disorders comorbidity and diagnostic overlap gender and cultural issues reliability of diagnosis categorical vs. dimensional approach – Big 5 personality traits Slide 7: PERSONALITY DISORDERS Etiology – Theoretical perspectives Psychodynamic theory Attachment theory – particularly for dramatic, emotional, erratic Cognitive-behavioural perspectives Biological – particularly for odd, eccentric and dramatic, emotional, erratic Slide 8: PERSONALITY DISORDERS Cluster A – Odd and eccentric Paranoid – suspicious, argumentative (no delusions or hallucinations) Schizoid – withdrawn, reserved, reclusive Schizotypal – eccentricity of thought and behaviour Slide 9: PERSONALITY DISORDERS Cluster B – Dramatic, emotional, erratic Antisocial personality disorder (APD) Defining feature is pervasive disregard for and violation of rights of others Begins in childhood Must meet 3 of the following criteria – violation of rights of others, nonconformity, callousness, deceitfulness, irresponsibility, impulsivity, aggressiveness, recklessness Slide 10: PERSONALITY DISORDERS Cluster B – Dramatic, emotional, erratic Antisocial personality disorder (APD) Lifetime prevalence rates for APD – 3% for men, 1% for women, lower rates for psychopathy 40% of those in Canadian prisons have APD Slide 11: PERSONALITY DISORDERS Cluster B – Dramatic, emotional, erratic APD vs. Psychopathy APD focuses more on behaviour Robert Hare, UBC – Psychopathy Checklist Revised – focuses on both personality traits and behaviour (lifestyle instability) Robert Hare, UBC – Psychopathy Checklist Revised : Robert Hare, UBC – Psychopathy Checklist Revised Slide 13: PERSONALITY DISORDERS Cluster B – Dramatic, emotional, erratic Etiology of APD Family and parenting factors – disruptive family life, harsh and inconsistent discipline, lack of monitoring genetics – concordance rates for criminality are 51% for MZ twins, 21% for DZ; runs in families Slide 14: PERSONALITY DISORDERS Cluster B – Dramatic, emotional, erratic Etiology of APD fearlessness hypothesis – deficient emotional arousal and conditioning is associated with a lack of empathy, thrill-seeking in the face of punishment, psychopaths increase the frequency of punished behaviour, rather than decrease it; defiance/opposition Slide 15: PERSONALITY DISORDERS Cluster B – Dramatic, emotional, erratic Etiology of APD - Lykken’s (1957) research in a lever pressing task, people with psychopathy did not learn the association between particular lever presses and shocks in contrast, people without psychopathy learned this association quickly Slide 16: PERSONALITY DISORDERS Cluster B – Dramatic, emotional, erratic Etiology of APD - Schmauk’s (1970) research repeated this experiment, but compared different types of punishers – physical, tangible (loss of money), social (reprimands) he found, like Lykken, that those with psychopathy learned poorly when physical and social punishers were used, but they learned as well as controls when tangible punishment was used Slide 17: PERSONALITY DISORDERS Cluster B – Dramatic, emotional, erratic Etiology of APD - Stewart’s (1972) research sentence completion task involving physical punishment for aggressive responses controls stopped aggressive responses very quickly, but those with psychopathy increased aggressive responses; they acted in opposition to and defiance of the researcher Slide 18: PERSONALITY DISORDERS Cluster B – Dramatic, emotional, erratic Etiology of APD – Implication of this research Punishment of offenders not likely to be very effective for rehabilitation Programs like “Scared Straight,” boot camps make kids with APD worse rather than better “Getting tough” with this population not likely to work Slide 19: PERSONALITY DISORDERS Cluster B – Dramatic, emotional, erratic Course of APD a progression or career of deviancy - oppositional defiant disorder, conduct disorder, APD burnout response – as they age, people with APD become less involved in criminal activity Slide 20: PERSONALITY DISORDERS Cluster B – Dramatic, emotional, erratic Treatment of APD difficulty establishing therapeutic alliance need to focus on specific behaviours, such as anger management treatment approaches not very successful probably more success with prevention and early intervention Slide 21: PERSONALITY DISORDERS Cluster B – Dramatic, emotional, erratic Borderline personality fragile identity and instability in relationships unpredictability, impulsiveness, irritability, argumentative more prevalent in women low reliability of this diagnosis experience of child abuse and neglect Slide 22: PERSONALITY DISORDERS Cluster B – Dramatic, emotional, erratic Histrionic personality – attention-seeking, flirtatious, flamboyant, difficulty with relationships, Narcissism – grandiosity, egocentricity, vengeful, but low self-esteem Slide 23: PERSONALITY DISORDERS Cluster C – Anxious and fearful disorders Avoidant personality – extreme sensitivity to criticism and disapproval, avoidance of intimacy Dependent personality – constantly seeks reassurance, advice, direction from others Obsessive-compulsive personality – inflexibility and desire for perfection, absence of obsessional thoughts and compulsive behaviours Slide 24: PERSONALITY DISORDERS Treatment Object relations psychodynamic therapy – Kernberg, Kohut Cognitive-behavioural Pharmacological PERSONALITY DISORDERSBig 5 – OCEAN (Costa & Mcrea, 1992) : PERSONALITY DISORDERSBig 5 – OCEAN (Costa & Mcrea, 1992) Slide 26: PERSONALITY DISORDERS Dimensional analysis of types Where would schizoid personality fit on the 5 dimensions? How about paranoid? Antisocial? Narcissism? Avoidant or dependent? Slide 27: PERSONALITY DISORDERS SUMMARY Personality disorders are maladaptive personality traits 3 broad clusters Problem of overlap of categories Etiology for many personality disorders not well understood Treatments have not been very successful for many of these disorders You do not have the permission to view this presentation. In order to view it, please contact the author of the presentation.
PS 280 12 personality disorders aSGuest6820 Download Post to : URL : Related Presentations : Share Add to Flag Embed Email Send to Blogs and Networks Add to Channel Uploaded from authorPOINT lite Insert YouTube videos in PowerPont slides with aS Desktop Copy embed code: (To copy code, click on the text box) Embed: URL: Thumbnail: WordPress Embed Customize Embed The presentation is successfully added In Your Favorites. Views: 323 Category: Others/ Misc License: All Rights Reserved Like it (1) Dislike it (0) Added: December 16, 2008 This Presentation is Public Favorites: 0 Presentation Description No description available. Comments Posting comment... By: rich11548 (15 month(s) ago) Good job! I would like to download this presentation. Saving..... Post Reply Close Saving..... Edit Comment Close Premium member Presentation Transcript Slide 1: PERSONALITY DISORDERS LECTURE OUTLINE DSM Axis II – What is a personality disorder? Clusters of personality disorders – 3 main types Prevalence Historical perspectives Diagnostic issues Etiology – Theoretical perspectives Slide 2: PERSONALITY DISORDERS What is a personality disorder? maladaptive personality traits traits are relatively enduring features of a person that are persistent over time and situations people with personality disorders tend to be: rigid and inflexible, show a restricted range of traits, have a dominant single trait personality disorders are egosyntonic, more than egodystonic Slide 3: PERSONALITY DISORDERS Clusters of disorders Odd and eccentric – paranoid, schizoid, schizotypal Dramatic, emotional, or erratic – antisocial, borderline, histrionic, narcissistic Anxious and fearful – dependent, obsessive-compulsive Slide 4: PERSONALITY DISORDERS Prevalence 6-9% of population have one or more personality disorder prevalence higher among people with other mental disorders most people with personality disorders never come to the attention of mental health professionals Slide 5: PERSONALITY DISORDERS Historical perspective Roots in psychoanalysis – narcissism, masochism, etc. Karl Abraham – first theorist to focus on personality disorders Slide 6: PERSONALITY DISORDERS Diagnostic issues poor understanding of etiology of most personality disorders comorbidity and diagnostic overlap gender and cultural issues reliability of diagnosis categorical vs. dimensional approach – Big 5 personality traits Slide 7: PERSONALITY DISORDERS Etiology – Theoretical perspectives Psychodynamic theory Attachment theory – particularly for dramatic, emotional, erratic Cognitive-behavioural perspectives Biological – particularly for odd, eccentric and dramatic, emotional, erratic Slide 8: PERSONALITY DISORDERS Cluster A – Odd and eccentric Paranoid – suspicious, argumentative (no delusions or hallucinations) Schizoid – withdrawn, reserved, reclusive Schizotypal – eccentricity of thought and behaviour Slide 9: PERSONALITY DISORDERS Cluster B – Dramatic, emotional, erratic Antisocial personality disorder (APD) Defining feature is pervasive disregard for and violation of rights of others Begins in childhood Must meet 3 of the following criteria – violation of rights of others, nonconformity, callousness, deceitfulness, irresponsibility, impulsivity, aggressiveness, recklessness Slide 10: PERSONALITY DISORDERS Cluster B – Dramatic, emotional, erratic Antisocial personality disorder (APD) Lifetime prevalence rates for APD – 3% for men, 1% for women, lower rates for psychopathy 40% of those in Canadian prisons have APD Slide 11: PERSONALITY DISORDERS Cluster B – Dramatic, emotional, erratic APD vs. Psychopathy APD focuses more on behaviour Robert Hare, UBC – Psychopathy Checklist Revised – focuses on both personality traits and behaviour (lifestyle instability) Robert Hare, UBC – Psychopathy Checklist Revised : Robert Hare, UBC – Psychopathy Checklist Revised Slide 13: PERSONALITY DISORDERS Cluster B – Dramatic, emotional, erratic Etiology of APD Family and parenting factors – disruptive family life, harsh and inconsistent discipline, lack of monitoring genetics – concordance rates for criminality are 51% for MZ twins, 21% for DZ; runs in families Slide 14: PERSONALITY DISORDERS Cluster B – Dramatic, emotional, erratic Etiology of APD fearlessness hypothesis – deficient emotional arousal and conditioning is associated with a lack of empathy, thrill-seeking in the face of punishment, psychopaths increase the frequency of punished behaviour, rather than decrease it; defiance/opposition Slide 15: PERSONALITY DISORDERS Cluster B – Dramatic, emotional, erratic Etiology of APD - Lykken’s (1957) research in a lever pressing task, people with psychopathy did not learn the association between particular lever presses and shocks in contrast, people without psychopathy learned this association quickly Slide 16: PERSONALITY DISORDERS Cluster B – Dramatic, emotional, erratic Etiology of APD - Schmauk’s (1970) research repeated this experiment, but compared different types of punishers – physical, tangible (loss of money), social (reprimands) he found, like Lykken, that those with psychopathy learned poorly when physical and social punishers were used, but they learned as well as controls when tangible punishment was used Slide 17: PERSONALITY DISORDERS Cluster B – Dramatic, emotional, erratic Etiology of APD - Stewart’s (1972) research sentence completion task involving physical punishment for aggressive responses controls stopped aggressive responses very quickly, but those with psychopathy increased aggressive responses; they acted in opposition to and defiance of the researcher Slide 18: PERSONALITY DISORDERS Cluster B – Dramatic, emotional, erratic Etiology of APD – Implication of this research Punishment of offenders not likely to be very effective for rehabilitation Programs like “Scared Straight,” boot camps make kids with APD worse rather than better “Getting tough” with this population not likely to work Slide 19: PERSONALITY DISORDERS Cluster B – Dramatic, emotional, erratic Course of APD a progression or career of deviancy - oppositional defiant disorder, conduct disorder, APD burnout response – as they age, people with APD become less involved in criminal activity Slide 20: PERSONALITY DISORDERS Cluster B – Dramatic, emotional, erratic Treatment of APD difficulty establishing therapeutic alliance need to focus on specific behaviours, such as anger management treatment approaches not very successful probably more success with prevention and early intervention Slide 21: PERSONALITY DISORDERS Cluster B – Dramatic, emotional, erratic Borderline personality fragile identity and instability in relationships unpredictability, impulsiveness, irritability, argumentative more prevalent in women low reliability of this diagnosis experience of child abuse and neglect Slide 22: PERSONALITY DISORDERS Cluster B – Dramatic, emotional, erratic Histrionic personality – attention-seeking, flirtatious, flamboyant, difficulty with relationships, Narcissism – grandiosity, egocentricity, vengeful, but low self-esteem Slide 23: PERSONALITY DISORDERS Cluster C – Anxious and fearful disorders Avoidant personality – extreme sensitivity to criticism and disapproval, avoidance of intimacy Dependent personality – constantly seeks reassurance, advice, direction from others Obsessive-compulsive personality – inflexibility and desire for perfection, absence of obsessional thoughts and compulsive behaviours Slide 24: PERSONALITY DISORDERS Treatment Object relations psychodynamic therapy – Kernberg, Kohut Cognitive-behavioural Pharmacological PERSONALITY DISORDERSBig 5 – OCEAN (Costa & Mcrea, 1992) : PERSONALITY DISORDERSBig 5 – OCEAN (Costa & Mcrea, 1992) Slide 26: PERSONALITY DISORDERS Dimensional analysis of types Where would schizoid personality fit on the 5 dimensions? How about paranoid? Antisocial? Narcissism? Avoidant or dependent? Slide 27: PERSONALITY DISORDERS SUMMARY Personality disorders are maladaptive personality traits 3 broad clusters Problem of overlap of categories Etiology for many personality disorders not well understood Treatments have not been very successful for many of these disorders