Chem 120 Acids and Bases

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Chapter 19 : 

Chapter 19 ACIDS AND BASES

Chapter 19 : 

Chapter 19 pH: Power of the Hydrogen ion concentration Hydrogen: P – 1 N – 0 E – 1 Hydrogen +1 P – 1 N – 0 E – 0

Hydrogen Ion Concentration : 

Hydrogen Ion Concentration Concentration: Measured in Molarity Moles/Liter [H+] = Hydrogen Ion Concentration Brackets mean Concentration [H+] = .01 moles/liter = 1x10-2 M pH = 1x10-2 M = 2

pH Scale : 

pH Scale 1 – 6 = Acid 7 = Neutral 8 – 14 = Base

Objectives: : 

Objectives: Compare Arrhenius and Bronsted-Lowry definitions. Explain why Bronsted-Lowry is more widely used Describe the similarities and differences in physical and chemical properties of acids and bases Conjugate Acid Base Pairs Definitions

Arrhenius vs. Bronsted-Lowry : 

Arrhenius vs. Bronsted-Lowry Arrhenius: Acids – Yield H+ Bases – Yield OH- Bronsted-Lowry: Acids – Proton Donators Bases – Proton Accepters

Properties of Acids and Bases : 

Properties of Acids and Bases Acids: Sour Taste Change Litmus to Red React with Oxides and Hydroxides of metals to form water and salt Electrolytes: Conducts electricity when dissolved in water Strong Acids and Weak Acids based on how well they disassociate Bases: Bitter Taste Change Litmus to Blue When neutralized with acids, they produce salt and water Slippery to the touch Electrolytes: Conducts electricy in aqueous solutions

Strong Acids : 

Strong Acids HCl HBr HI HNO3 H2SO4 Back

Weak Acids : 

Weak Acids HC2H3O2 HCN HNO2 Back

Conjugate Acid Base Pairs : 

Conjugate Acid Base Pairs

Definitions: : 

Definitions: Neutralization: A reaction between an acid and a base that destroys the properties of both and yields water and a salt PH Indicator: Compounds that change color when going between acidic and basic solutions. They do not enter the reaction. pH<7=Acidic, pH=7=Neutral, pH>7=Basic

Definitions: : 

Definitions: Hydronium Ion: H+ in water is often H3O because the attraction between H+ and H2O is so strong Amphoteric: A substance which can be both an acid and a base H2O  H+ + OH-

Prelab/homework : 

Prelab/homework Complete the following equations and balance them: HCl + NaOH HCl + KOH  HCl + Ca(OH)2  HCl + NH4OH 

Prelab/homework : 

Prelab/homework Complete the following equations and balance them: H2SO4 + NaOH H2SO4+ KOH  H2SO4+ Ca(OH)2  H2SO4+ NH4OH 