Aust-Road-Safety

Slide 1: 

Road safety in Australia Chris Brooks Australian Transport Safety Bureau

Road deaths Per 100,000 Population : 

Road deaths Per 100,000 Population

Road deaths per 100,000 population OECD and Australia : 

3 Road deaths per 100,000 population OECD and Australia

Road deaths per 100,000 population OECD nations 1998 : 

4 Road deaths per 100,000 population OECD nations 1998

Australia’s Challenges: : 

5 Australia’s Challenges: Large country, low population density Large cities, low population density Few taxpayers per kilometre of road Cities separated by large distances Difficult to achieve efficient public transport High reliance on roads for goods transport Large annual distances per person and per vehicle  Perceived need for high speed limits High rate of vehicle ownership Old vehicle fleet (average age > 10 years) High per-capita alcohol consumption.

Australia’s advantages: : 

6 Australia’s advantages: Only moderate growth in vehicle usage (compared to some APEC economies) Strong public support for strict regulation to improve road safety eg: 98% support for Random Breath Testing. Strong road safety research capacity Not many motorcycles (compared to some APEC economies) 2.7% of vehicles 0.6% of vehicle kilometres 12.4% of road deaths

Measures that have reduced road deaths: : 

7 Measures that have reduced road deaths: Seat belts required in all new cars since 1969 (front seats; front and rear since 1971) compulsory use since 1972. Random breath testing + publicity Speed cameras + publicity Helmets for cyclists and motorcyclists Road improvements -including “black spot” programs (hazardous road locations) Safer vehicles: improved occupant protection

Road safety in Australia’s Federal system : 

8 Road safety in Australia’s Federal system Federal Government State Governments Local Governments Non-Government agencies

Road safety in Australia’s Federal system : 

9 Road safety in Australia’s Federal system State Governments: Road funding (shared with Federal and local government) Road construction Road rules Traffic police Licensing drivers Public education Registration of vehicles Research & statistics

Road safety in Australia’s Federal system : 

10 Road safety in Australia’s Federal system Federal Government: Road funding major national roads (mainly inter-city) “black spots” New-vehicle standards Research & statistics National coordination

Commonwealth-State Coordination : 

11 Commonwealth-State Coordination Australian Transport Council (Ministers) Austroads (roads and traffic agencies) National Road Transport Commission National Road Safety Strategy and Action Plans

National Road Safety Strategy and Action Plans : 

12 National Road Safety Strategy and Action Plans

National Road Safety Strategy 2001-2010 : 

13 National Road Safety Strategy 2001-2010 “The road toll should not be accepted as inevitable.” “The priority given to road safety should reflect the high value that the community as a whole places on the preservation of human life and the prevention of serious injury.”

The target: : 

14 The target: 40% reduction in population fatality rate by 2010 from 9.3 per 100,000 in 1999 to no more than 5.6 in 2010 (Endorsed by Federal, State and Territory Ministers at Australian Transport Council)

Estimated effects of possible measures : 

15 Estimated effects of possible measures

Safer roads (19%) : 

16 Safer roads (19%) Building new, safer roads Fixing hazardous locations a small proportion of total road funding but accounts for almost 1/3 of estimated safety benefits

Safer vehicles (10%) : 

17 Safer vehicles (10%) Most of the predicted savings up to 2010 from vehicle improvements are from measures already implemented or scheduled continued flow of benefits as newer, safer vehicles replace older ones.

Safer road user behaviour (9%) : 

18 Safer road user behaviour (9%) Enforcement and education programs targeting: speeding drink driving seat belts. Small additional reductions from improvements in driver licensing and training focus on extensive on-road experience for learners.

Estimated effects of possible measures : 

19 Estimated effects of possible measures

Slide 20: 

Road deaths per 100,000 population 9.3 9.1

Possible problems : 

21 Possible problems Vehicle use increasing faster than predicted. Reduced enforcement impacts (drink driving, speed). Increasing diversity of the vehicle fleet more small cars, more big vehicles. More motorcycle riders. Economic factors.

Possible solutions: areas of focus : 

22 Possible solutions: areas of focus Speed management Safer roads Impaired driving alcohol drugs fatigue Vehicles (including new technology)

Speed: research findings : 

23 Speed: research findings Small changes in travel speed make a surprisingly big difference to the risk of a serious crash a speed increase of about 10% doubles the risk of a casualty crash 5 km/h in urban areas 10 km/h in rural areas. A uniform speed reduction of 5 km/h across the road network would cut casualty crashes by about one quarter (27%). “Moderate” speeding (up to 10 km/h over limit) adds up to a big safety problem.

Relative Risk ofCrash Involvementfor Alcohol : 

Relative Risk ofCrash Involvementfor Alcohol (RARU , 1980) 0.25 0.20 0.15 0.10 0.05 0.00 0 10 20 30 40 BAC (g/100mL) (case-control study)

Relative Risk ofCrash Involvementfor Alcohol and Speed : 

(RARU , 1980) (RARU, 1997) Relative Risk ofCrash Involvementfor Alcohol and Speed (60 km/h zones) 0.25 0.20 0.15 0.10 0.05 0.00 0 10 20 30 40 BAC (g/100mL) 85 80 75 70 65 60 SPEED ( km /h) (case-control studies)

Comparing risks:alcohol and speed : 

26 Comparing risks:alcohol and speed 60 70 65 75 80 85 .00 .05 .10 .15 .20 BAC (in 60 km/h zones) Speed (km/h)

Speed management : 

27 Speed management Speed limits Enforcement intensity tolerances penalties Education / persuasion Traffic calming New technology (eg, Intelligent speed adaptation)

Speed card : 

28 Speed card

Travel speed and impact speed : 

29 Travel speed and impact speed

Speed messages : 

30 Speed messages “Every 10 km/h makes a difference” “Wipe off five” “Safe speeding: there is no such thing” Advantages of lower limits on local streets

Changing community attitudes to speed : 

31 Changing community attitudes to speed National surveys:

Safer roads : 

32 Safer roads Black Spot programs and “mass action” Treatments with a high safety benefit: fixing roadside hazards: remove hazards or use barriers or replace rigid poles with poles that bend or break shoulder sealing, audible edge lining, night-time delineation replace intersections by roundabouts traffic lights, including controlled right turns separation of road users - centre barriers, pedestrian precincts, bike tracks etc

Impaired driving : 

33 Impaired driving Alcohol random breath testing + publicity introducing vehicle interlock programs rehabilitation programs Other drugs alcohol test impairment assessment drug test Fatigue Truck drivers: legislation, training, “chain of responsibility” Other drivers: education, safer roads, safer cars

Vehicles : 

34 Vehicles On the agenda: Alcohol interlocks Seat belt warning devices Promoting awareness of safety ratings Encouraging voluntary uptake of Intelligent Speed Adaptation (eg fleet vehicles) Truck under-run protection Automatic crash notification systems

APEC (RSEG) 12 major road safety problems : 

35 APEC (RSEG) 12 major road safety problems Accident data 1. Best way to collect and share accident data. Highway and traffic engineering 2. Improve road network and traffic safety facilities 3. Roadside cut slope management 11. Accident black-spot approach to reduce accidents Behaviour 4. Speeding 5. Impaired driving 6. Vehicle overloading 7. Seat belts and motorcycle helmets Australia:Improving injury data  + mass action  + speed limits  (including road improvements to reduce fatigue risks)  (looking at seatbelt reminder systems)

APEC (RSEG) 12 major road safety problems : 

36 APEC (RSEG) 12 major road safety problems Vulnerable groups 8. Pedestrian safety 9. Elderly people safety Others 10. Community approach 12. Social awareness Speed management, road environment are key areas  

Slide 37: 

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