Slide 1:Chapter 15 – THERAPY


Therapy Approaches :Therapy Approaches Biomedical – act on patient’s brain and nervous system Psychosurgery Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) Drugs Psychotherapy – improve psychological functioning and promote adjustment to life Psychanalytic/Psychodynamic Cognitive Humanistic Behavioral Group Family


Psychosurgery :Psychosurgery procedure cut nerve fibers in the frontal lobes Lobotomy


Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT) :Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT) Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) can alleviate profound depression Electrical current passed through the brain – produces brain seizure. Anesthesia minizes trauma ECT can lift depression How ECT lifts depression is unknown


Drug Therapy :Drug Therapy 4 Major Drug classes include: Antianxiety drugs decrease anxiety Antipsychotic drugs improve thought processes Act by blocking dopamine receptors Can have major adverse side effects Mood Stabilizers… Antidepressant Drugs…


Drug Therapy :Drug Therapy 3. Mood Stabilizers 4. Antidepressant drugs can reverse depression Tricyclics (block reuptake of serotonin) – Imipramine (Tofranil) MAO inhibitors (prevent degradation of serotonin) – Phenelzine (Nardil) SSRI’s – Fluoxetine (Prozac) Atypical Antidepressants – Buproprion(Wellbutrin)


Evaluating Drug Therapy :Evaluating Drug Therapy Side effects of antipsychotic drugs… Parkinsonian-like symptoms Muscle rigidity, tremors, shuffling gait Can use anti-Parkinsonian meds to counteract They also have side effects! Tardive Dyskinesia Involuntary movements of face, tongue, and other muscles Side effects of Antidepressants… Dry mouth, fatigue, sexual dysfunction, weight gain, memory difficulties Side effects of mood stabilizers (lithium) Memory impairment, weight gain; excessive doses can be fatal


Psychotherapy Goals :Psychotherapy Goals Psychotherapy can provide relief to a client for issues relating to: Eclectic Approach – combining techniques from various theories to find the most appropriate treatment


Psychoanalysis :Psychoanalysis Psychoanalysis attempts to move issues from unconscious to conscious for resolution Therapy assumes that some issues may relate to childhood experiences The ego serves to keep these issues below the level of consciousness (defense mechanisms) Catharsis is an emotional energy that is released when early conflicts are relived


Psychoanalytic Techniques :Psychoanalytic Techniques Moving issues from the unconscious to the conscious can be achieved through Free association: patient says whatever comes to mind Dream analysis: Dreams express unconscious issues Resistance: evidence a patient is avoiding an issue Transference: Does the patient treat the therapist in ways that are similar to their parents? Interpretation: Therapist provides analysis of the meaning of the thoughts, behaviors, and dreams of the patient


Cognitive Therapies :Cognitive Therapies Analyzes a person’s thought processes Attempts to restructure thought processes SELF TALK – internal dialogue, unrealistic things a person tells themselves Cognitive restructuring Changing thought patterns will in turn alter problem behaviors and emotions


Humanistic Therapy :Humanistic Therapy Rogers’s Client-Centered Approach Treats people as clients rather than patients Creates an atmosphere that emphasizes the clients’ tendency toward health Therapeutic techniques include: Empathy Unconditional positive regard Genuineness Active listening


Behavior Therapies :Behavior Therapies Learning techniques are used to alter behaviors; these techniques include: Classical conditioning Aversion therapy… Systematic desensitization…


Systematic Desensitization :Systematic Desensitization


Behavior Therapies :Behavior Therapies Operant conditioning Shaping – focus on target behavior Modeling – observe and imitate behaviors of others


Group Therapy :Group Therapy Advantages of group therapy: Economy Group support Feedback Behavioral rehearsal