Presentation Transcript
Slide 1:Chapter 15 – THERAPY
Therapy Approaches :Therapy Approaches Biomedical – act on patient’s brain and nervous system
Psychosurgery
Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)
Drugs
Psychotherapy – improve psychological functioning and promote adjustment to life
Psychanalytic/Psychodynamic
Cognitive
Humanistic
Behavioral
Group
Family
Psychosurgery :Psychosurgery procedure cut nerve fibers in the frontal lobes Lobotomy
Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT) :Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT) Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) can alleviate profound depression
Electrical current passed through the brain – produces brain seizure.
Anesthesia minizes trauma
ECT can lift depression
How ECT lifts depression is unknown
Drug Therapy :Drug Therapy 4 Major Drug classes include:
Antianxiety drugs decrease anxiety
Antipsychotic drugs improve thought processes
Act by blocking dopamine receptors
Can have major adverse side effects
Mood Stabilizers…
Antidepressant Drugs…
Drug Therapy :Drug Therapy 3. Mood Stabilizers
4. Antidepressant drugs can reverse depression
Tricyclics (block reuptake of serotonin) – Imipramine (Tofranil)
MAO inhibitors (prevent degradation of serotonin) – Phenelzine (Nardil)
SSRI’s – Fluoxetine (Prozac)
Atypical Antidepressants – Buproprion(Wellbutrin)
Evaluating Drug Therapy :Evaluating Drug Therapy Side effects of antipsychotic drugs…
Parkinsonian-like symptoms
Muscle rigidity, tremors, shuffling gait
Can use anti-Parkinsonian meds to counteract
They also have side effects!
Tardive Dyskinesia
Involuntary movements of face, tongue, and other muscles
Side effects of Antidepressants…
Dry mouth, fatigue, sexual dysfunction, weight gain, memory difficulties
Side effects of mood stabilizers (lithium)
Memory impairment, weight gain; excessive doses can be fatal
Psychotherapy Goals :Psychotherapy Goals Psychotherapy can provide relief to a client for issues relating to: Eclectic Approach – combining techniques from various theories to find the most appropriate treatment
Psychoanalysis :Psychoanalysis Psychoanalysis attempts to move issues from unconscious to conscious for resolution
Therapy assumes that some issues may relate to childhood experiences
The ego serves to keep these issues below the level of consciousness (defense mechanisms)
Catharsis is an emotional energy that is released when early conflicts are relived
Psychoanalytic Techniques :Psychoanalytic Techniques Moving issues from the unconscious to the conscious can be achieved through
Free association: patient says whatever comes to mind
Dream analysis: Dreams express unconscious issues
Resistance: evidence a patient is avoiding an issue
Transference: Does the patient treat the therapist in ways that are similar to their parents?
Interpretation: Therapist provides analysis of the meaning of the thoughts, behaviors, and dreams of the patient
Cognitive Therapies :Cognitive Therapies Analyzes a person’s thought processes
Attempts to restructure thought processes
SELF TALK – internal dialogue, unrealistic things a person tells themselves
Cognitive restructuring
Changing thought patterns will in turn alter problem behaviors and emotions
Humanistic Therapy :Humanistic Therapy Rogers’s Client-Centered Approach
Treats people as clients rather than patients
Creates an atmosphere that emphasizes the clients’ tendency toward health
Therapeutic techniques include:
Empathy
Unconditional positive regard
Genuineness
Active listening
Behavior Therapies :Behavior Therapies Learning techniques are used to alter behaviors; these techniques include:
Classical conditioning
Aversion therapy…
Systematic desensitization…
Systematic Desensitization :Systematic Desensitization
Behavior Therapies :Behavior Therapies Operant conditioning
Shaping – focus on target behavior
Modeling – observe and imitate behaviors of others
Group Therapy :Group Therapy Advantages of group therapy:
Economy
Group support
Feedback
Behavioral rehearsal