Slide 1:Chapter 11Gender & Human Sexuality


Sex… :Sex… Sex - the biological aspects of being male or female Sex differences are physical differences Ovum + sperm cell “X” = female OR Ovum + sperm cell “Y” = male Females > XX Males > XY


Physical Dimensions of Sex :Physical Dimensions of Sex Sex Dimensions Male Female 1. Chromosomes 2. Gonads 3. Hormones 4. External genitalia Internal accessory organs 6. Secondary sex characteristics 7. Sexual orientation XY XX Testes Ovaries Androgens Estrogens Penis, scrotum Labia, clitoris, vaginal opening Prostate, seminal Vagina, uterus, vesicles, fallopian tubes, vas deferens cervix Beard, low voice, Breasts, sperm emission menstruation Heterosexual, gay, Heterosexual, bisexual lesbian, bisexual


Human Reproductive Structures :Human Reproductive Structures


Slide 5:Gender - the psychological and sociocultural meanings added to biological sex


Slide 6:Male & Female- Masculine & Feminine Gender Assumption: identifying a person as same sex as self or other sex Gender identity: psychological and subjective sense of being male or female Gender role: cultural norms and attitudes for male & female behavior


Slide 7:Social Learning Influences on Gender According to Social Learning Theory-we form our gender identity as a result of social and cultural models and influences that we’re exposed to during our early devp Cognitive development theory argues that children develop gender schemas on gender roles


Gender Differences :Gender Differences Cognitive abilities Females score higher on verbal skills Males score higher on math, visual-spatial skills Aggression Males exhibit greater physical aggressiveness Females are higher on relational aggression


Slide 9:Gender Roles-Gender-Based Stereotypes North American Males Independent Aggressive Assertive Logical Unemotional Independent Dominant Competitive Objective Athletic Active Competent North American Females Nonassertive Illogical Emotional Subordinate Warm Nurturing


Slide 10:Sexual Orientation - sexual attraction to one’s own sex = homosexual, a.k.a. gay or lesbian OR sexual attraction to the other sex = heterosexual, a.k.a. straight OR attraction to both same-sex and other-sex partners = bisexual


Slide 11:How Many People are Gay? Exclusively Heterosexual Varying mixtures of orientation and/or experience Exclusively Homosexual


Sexual Arousal CycleMasters & Johnson :Sexual Arousal CycleMasters & Johnson vasocongestion: blood engorges (fills) body tissues myotonia: increased muscle tension


Slide 13:Technologies in Sex Research PENILE STRAIN GAUGE VAGINAL PHOTOPLETHYSMOGRAPH


Sexual Arousal CycleMasters & Johnson :Sexual Arousal CycleMasters & Johnson Excitement Plateau Orgasm, Resolution - Refractory


Slide 15:Sexual Difficulties Desire Frequency Excitement Female Arousal Erectile Dysfunction Orgasm Pre-mature ejaculation Pain


Male Erectile Dysfunction (aka impotence) – 30 mil. Amer. men :Male Erectile Dysfunction (aka impotence) – 30 mil. Amer. men Lack of an erection sufficiently rigid for penetrative intercourse to the satisfaction of both partners for 6 to 12 months Acquired - has had previous erections w/ partner Lifelong – attempted but never experienced maintained penetration throughout life


Male Erectile Dysfunction :Male Erectile Dysfunction Incidence  w/ age


Premature Ejaculation (PE) :Premature Ejaculation (PE) Inability to consistently control orgasm to either partner’s satisfaction


Specific Suggestions for Men :Specific Suggestions for Men Simple strategies for delaying ejaculation: More frequent ejaculation Use woman above position > Squeeze Technique


Drug Actions on Sexuality :Drug Actions on Sexuality Alcohol: Reduced testes size and suppressed hormone function Cocaine: Erectile disorder, inhibited orgasm, lowered sperm counts Barbiturates: Reduced desire, erectile disorder, delayed orgasm Marijuana: Reduced testosterone levels, reduced desire Tobacco: Decreases the frequency and duration of erections and of vaginal lubrication


Sexually Transmitted Diseases :Sexually Transmitted Diseases